Alle Publikationen
2005
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(2005): Configural coding of facial expressions: The impact of inversion and photographic negative. In: Visual Cognition 12 (3), S. 495-518. DOI: 10.1080/13506280444000418
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(2005): Understanding the recognition of facial identity and facial expression. In: Nature reviews. Neuroscience 6 (8), S. 641-651. DOI: 10.1038/nrn1724
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1724 Abstract: Faces convey a wealth of social signals. A dominant view in face-perception research has been that the recognition of facial identity and facial expression involves separable visual pathways at the functional and neural levels, and data from experimental, neuropsychological, functional imaging and cell-recording studies are commonly interpreted within this framework. However, the existing evidence supports this model less strongly than is often assumed. Alongside this two-pathway framework, other possible models of facial identity and expression recognition, including one that has emerged from principal component analysis techniques, should be considered.
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(2005) : Modeling of the emotional model with friendship for familiarity of robot: 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: Piscataway NJ: IEEE, S. 1235-1240
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545342 Abstract: This paper deals with the emotional model of the software-robot. The software-robot requires several capabilities such as sensing, perceiving, acting, communicating, surviving and so on. There are already many studies about the emotional model like KISMET, AIBO. Though many emotional models are implemented, their human response architectures are invariant as time passes. Conventional emotional models make a robot like and obey a human during robot operation. This is natural for robots which are used in industrial, service and military areas but for pet robots this property lets robot look like real robots not real pets. Actually, a robot's emotional model is studied to implement robot intelligence more easily but emotion expression has to be exaggerated in a pet robot to make it interesting to humans. Pet robots must show dynamical emotion variations. The emotional model with the modified friendship is studied in this paper to overcome the conventional emotional model's limits to apply to pet robots. Friendship is distinguished as positive, negative and static schemes and an emotional model with the modified friendship is implemented and simulated on a software-robot.
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(2005): Editorial. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 1 (1), S. 1-7. DOI: 10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.1
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(2005): Social Stratification of Musical Tastes. Questioning the Cultural Legitimacy Model. In: Revue française de sociologie 46 (5), S. 123-154. DOI: 10.3917/rfs.465.0123
Abstract: In sociological study of artistic tastes, the behavior of the upper classes is usually characterized by a penchant for "highbrow" arts and simultaneous rejection of popular arts and the products of mass culture. However, the trends brought to light by analysis of cultural practices survey data do not entirely confirm this representation. What distinguishes upper class behavior is in fact not so much familiarity with "legitimate" culture, as is often claimed, but diversity of stated preferences, in contrast to members of lower-status classes, whose preferences appear more exclusive. A contrast can therefore be established between the traditional model of cultural legitimacy and a model in terms of eclecticism. This article seeks to assess the import of the latter model on the basis of data on preferences in music from a 1997 survey of French cultural practices. First, French practices in this area unequivocally confirm the relevance of the eclecticism model, though that model appears more an extension of the cultural legitimacy model than a refutation of it. Second, the preference typology constructed through analysis of the data, and distribution of individuals by social factors among five music-listener profiles defined on the basis of that typology, forefront the importance of generation differences and uneven distribution of cultural capital and musical competence.
Keywords: Bekanntheitsgrad, Disziplin, familiarity, Geschmack (kulturell), Kunst, Musikologie, Soziologie -
(2005): Am I Respected or Not?: Inclusion and Reputation as Issues in Group Membership. In: Social Justice Research 18 (2), S. 121-153. DOI: 10.1007/s11211-005-7366-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-005-7366-3 Abstract: Six studies examined why and when respect vs. disrespect influences people’s emotions, self-worth, and behavior. Following relational models of justice, we argued that people use groups to derive information about the social self and as such value respect information because it indicates (a) whether or not they are accepted, and (b) how their status within the group is evaluated. These two identity concerns were operationalized by means of reinforcing people’s desire to belong (i.e., the identity concern of acceptance) and concern for reputation (i.e., the identity concern of one’s status evaluation). In line with predictions, the first three studies demonstrated that respect matters only among those whose concerns to belong are made salient. Studies 4–6 further showed that respect only influenced reactions among those who have strong concerns for reputation. It is concluded that respect communicates information relevant to people’s identity concerns—i.e., inclusion and reputation.
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(2005): The decorum of a defecating dog. In: PRINT QUARTERLY 22 (2), S. 119-132
Abstract: In his otherwise grandiose, monumental woodcut, the "Submersion of Pharaoh's Army in the Red Sea", Titian included a realistic depiction of a defecating dog (figs. 39-40). The dog is one small figure in a huge work, but is prominently placed in the foreground, so that it and Moses' commanding arm are the only elements projecting into a block otherwise filled with water. The few scholars who have commented on this detail have tended to dismiss it as an insignificant vulgarity or tasteless lapse in decorum.
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Dalgleish, Tim; Power, Michael J. (Hg.) (2005): Handbook of cognition and emotion. Chichester: Wiley
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(2005): Understanding and being understood. The impact of intelligence and dispositional valuations on social relationships.
Abstract: The current dissertation investigated the role of cognitive personality traits on the mutual understanding between interaction partners. For this purpose, main effects of intelligence and dispositional valuations were studied (n=1099). In addition, it was asked whether within-dyad personality differences affect mutual understanding and whether gifted individuals differ from a comparison group of university students in their level of social adjustment. Results indicated that individuals perceive a relation between the intelligence level of their interaction partners and the quality of their social relationships. However, such an effect could not be replicated with psychometric intelligence measures (with the exception of vocabulary). Second, the results of the current study did not support the contention that dyadic personality differences constrain communication quality. Third, it could be shown that the sample of gifted individuals was less well adjusted than the sample of college graduates. However, several indications were found that this was not due to their extremely high intelligence but to an oversampling of gifted individuals with adjustment problems. Together, the results showed that mutual understanding is an important factor in the development of close relationships. However, the limited impact of intelligence and dispositional valuations on the quality of dyadic interactions suggests that most people are able to cope with the demands of interpersonal interactions without having a high intelligence level. In addition, most conversation partners seem able to understand each other in spite of within-dyad personality differences.
Keywords: Comprehension, Dyaden, Dyads, Freundschaft, friendship, Gruppenverhalten, impact of intelligence & dispositional valuations on mutual comprehension in close social relationships, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Interpersonal Interaction, Interpersonale Interaktion, Intimacy, Intimität, perceived quality of relationship & dyadic interactions, Personal Values, Personality Traits, Persönliche Werte, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, Social Perception & Cognition, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Wahrnehmung und soziale Kognition, Sozialpsychologie, Verständnis -
(2005): HEGEL's SOCIAL THEORY OF VALUE. In: The Philosophical Forum 36 (3), S. 307-331. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9191.2005.00205.x
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Eichinger, Ludwig M.; Kallmeyer, Werner (Hg.) (2005): Standardvariation. Wie viel Variation verträgt die deutsche Sprache?. Berlin; New York: De Gruyter
Abstract: Die Beiträge des Bandes konzentrieren sich auf die Fragen: Was umfasst der Begriff 'Standardsprache', wie hat sich die deutsche Standardsprache seit dem 19. Jh. entwickelt, wie ist ihr gegenwärtiger Zustand sprachwissenschaftlich angemessen zu beschreiben und welche längerfristigen Entwicklungstendenzen lassen sich erkennen? Die Antworten reflektieren auch Notwendigkeit und Grenzen von Normativität
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(2005) : Defining Socially Assistive Robotics: 2005 IEEE 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics: 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005: Chicago, IL, USA: June 28-July 1, 2005: [Place of publication not identified]: I E E E, S. 465-468
Abstract: This paper defines the research area of socially assistive robotics, focusing on assisting people through social interaction. While much attention has been paid to robots that provide assistance to people through physical contact (which we call contact assistive robotics), and to robots that entertain through social interaction (social interactive robotics), so far there is no clear definition of socially assistive robotics. We summarize active social assistive research projects and classify them by target populations, application domains, and interaction methods. While distinguishing these from socially interactive robotics endeavors, we discuss challenges and opportunities that are specific to the growing field of socially assistive robotics.
Keywords: Alltag, education, Educational robots, handicapped aids, Hospitals, Human robot interaction, ieee xplore, intelligent robots, Laboratories, Manipulators, man-machine systems, medical robotics, Medical services, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Mobile robots, patient rehabilitation, people assistance, Rehabilitation robotics, Senior citizens, service robot, Sociable robots, social aspects of automation, social assistive research projects, social interaction, socially assistive robotics -
Fellous, Jean-Marc; Arbib, Michael A. (Hg.) (2005): Who Needs Emotions?. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
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(2005): Joking cultures. Humor themes as social regulation in group life. In: HUMOR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMOR RESEARCH 18 (1), S. 1-22. DOI: 10.1515/humr.2005.18.1.1
Abstract: Every interacting social group develops, over time, a joking culture: a set Of humorous references that are known to members of the group to which members can refer and that serve as the basis of further interaction. Joking, thus, has a historical, retrospective, and reflexive character. We argue that group joking is embedded, interactive, and referential, and these features give it power within the group context. Elements of the joking culture serve to smooth group interaction, share affiliation, separate the group from outsiders, and secure the compliance of group members through social control. To demonstrate these processes we rely upon two detailed ethnographic examples of continuing joking: one from mushroom collectors and the second from professional meteorologists.
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(2005): Consciousness, Agents and the Knowledge Game. In: Minds and Machines 15 (3-4), S. 415-444. DOI: 10.1007/s11023-005-9005-z
Abstract: This paper has three goals. The first is to introduce the “knowledge game”, a new, simple and yet powerful tool for analysing some intriguing philosophical questions. The second is to apply the knowledge game as an informative test to discriminate between conscious (human) and conscious-less agents (zombies and robots), depending on which version of the game they can win. And the third is to use a version of the knowledge game to provide an answer to Dretske’s question “how do you know you are not a zombie?”.
Keywords: Bewusstsein, Dretske, Favoriten, human versus robots, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, knowledge game, Menschsein als Voraussetznug für soziale Angemessenheit?, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, philosophical zombie, Reflexionen über MTR, Technikphilosophie, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2005): Predicting human interruptibility with sensors. In: ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 12 (1), S. 119-146. DOI: 10.1145/1057237.1057243
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1057237.1057243 Abstract: A person seeking another person’s attention is normally able to quickly assess how interruptible the other person currently is. Such assessments allow behavior that we consider natural, socially appropriate, or simply polite. This is in sharp contrast to current computer and communication systems, which are largely unaware of the social situations surrounding their usage and the impact that their actions have on these situations. If systems could model human interruptibility, they could use this information to negotiate interruptions at appropriate times, thus improving human computer interaction. This article presents a series of studies that quantitatively demonstrate that simple sensors can support the construction of models that estimate human interruptibility as well as people do. These models can be constructed without using complex sensors, such as vision-based techniques, and therefore their use in everyday office environments is both practical and affordable. Although currently based on a demographically limited sample, our results indicate a substantial opportunity for future research to validate these results over larger groups of office workers. Our results also motivate the development of systems that use these models to negotiate interruptions at socially appropriate times. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2005): Social information-processing skills training to promote social competence and prevent aggressive behavior in the third grade. In: JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 73 (6), S. 1045-1055
Abstract: This article describes a school-based study designed to promote social competence and reduce aggressive behavior by strengthening children's skills in processing social information and regulating emotions. Three successive cohorts of 3rd graders (N = 548) from 2 schools participated. In 2000-2001, children received a routine health curriculum; in 2001-2002, students received the Making Choices: Social Problem Solving Skills for Children (MC) program; and in 2002-2003, children received MC supplemented with teacher and parent activities. Compared with children in the routine condition, children in both MC conditions were rated lower on posttest social and overt aggression and higher on social competence. Moreover, they scored significantly higher on an information-processing skills posttest. The findings suggest that prevention programs can strengthen social-emotional skills and produce changes in aggressive behavior.
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Freksa, C.; Knauff, M.; Krieg-Brückner, B.; Nebel, B.; Barkowsky, Th. (Hg.) (2005): Spatial Cognition IV. Reasoning, Action, Interaction. International Conference Spatial Cognition 2004, Frauenchiemsee, Germany, October 11-13, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Abstract: This is the fourth volume in a series of books dedicated to basic research in spatial cognition. Spatial cognition is a field that investigates the connection between the physical spatial world and the mental world. Philosophers and researchers have p- posed various views concerning the relation between the physical and the mental worlds: Plato considered pure concepts of thought as separate from their physical manifestations while Aristotle considered the physical and the mental realms as two aspects of the same substance. Descartes, a dualist, discussed the interaction between body and soul through an interface organ and thus introduced a functional view that presented a challenge for the natural sciences and the humanities. In modern psych- ogy, the relation between the physical and the cognitive space has been investigated using thorough experiments, and in artificial intelligence we have seen views as diverse as ‘problems can be solved on a representation of the world’ and ‘a representation of the world is not necessary. ’ Today’s spatial cognition work establishes a correspondence between the mental and the physical worlds by studying and exploiting their interaction; it investigates how mental space and spatial “reality” join together in understanding the world and in interacting with it. The physical and representational aspects are equally important in this work. Almost all topics of cognitive science manifest themselves in spatial cognition.
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(2005): Self-determination theory and work motivation. In: Journal of Organizational Behavior 26 (4), S. 331-362. DOI: 10.1002/job.322
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322 Abstract: Cognitive evaluation theory, which explains the effects of extrinsic motivators on intrinsic motivation, received some initial attention in the organizational literature. However, the simple dichotomy between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation made the theory difficult to apply to work settings. Differentiating extrinsic motivation into types that differ in their degree of autonomy led to self-determination theory, which has received widespread attention in the education, health care, and sport domains. This article describes self-determination theory as a theory of work motivation and shows its relevance to theories of organizational behavior.
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(2005) : Social information processing and children's social adjustment In: Kupersmidt, Janis B.; Dodge, Kenneth A. (Hg.): Children's peer relations: From development to intervention: Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (Decade of behavior), S. 61-79
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Gilliland, Stephen (2005): What motivates fairness in organizations?. Greenwich, Conn.: IAP Information Age Publ (Research in social issues in management)
Abstract: This chapter deals with observations and critical thoughts about some aspects of current theory and research on justice. Commentary focuses on the following topics: (1) The subjectivity of evaluations of justice and problems that may result from disregarding it; (2) the measurement of justice judgements and some problems with so-called indirect measures; (3) the distinction between instrumental and noninstrumental accounts of why people care about justice and the lack of theories considering possible nonself-related and moral nature concerns about justice; (4) the question of whether the notion of justice is actually needed as an explanatory concept in some of our theories, and (5) the meaningfulness of the term organizational justice.
Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, Fairness -
(2005): Is “service with a smile” enough?. Authenticity of positive displays during service encounters. In: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 96 (1), S. 38-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2004.08.002
Abstract: Service providers use impression management strategies to engender satisfaction and repeat business in customers. Managing emotional expressions is one strategy to meet those goals. We extended research oil the "Duchenne Smile" to see if authenticity of employee expressions influenced the impressions formed of the employee's friendliness and the overall satisfaction with the encounter. Furthermore, we took two other factors into account-task performance and busyness-to examine the conditions under which authenticity would have the greatest impact. In Study 1, we obtained reactions to videotaped simulations that manipulated authenticity of positive displays and task performance during a hotel check-in encounter. ANCOVA results supported that authenticity of the service provider enhanced perceptions of friendliness, but only influenced customer satisfaction when tasks were performed well. In Study 2, hierarchical linear modeling with reactions from 255 customers of 64 restaurant servers showed that perceived display authenticity enhanced the perceived friendliness of the employee when the store was slow, but less so when it was busy. Display authenticity had a direct effect oil customer satisfaction, regardless of task performance (which was generally high) and busyness. We conclude that display authenticity is all extra-role behavior for service encounters with an additive effect on encounter satisfaction only when other factors are at optimal levels. We suggest implications for display rule policies and service training.
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(2005): The Impact of Social Structure on Economic Outcomes. In: Journal of Economic Perspectives 19 (1), S. 33-50
Abstract: Social structure, especially in the form of social networks, affects economic outcomes for three main reasons. First, social networks affect the flow and the quality of information. Much information is subtle, nuanced and difficult to verify, so actors do not believe impersonal sources and instead rely on people they know. Second, social networks are an important source of reward and punishment, since these are often magnified in their impact when coming from others personally known. Third, trust, by which I mean the confidence that others will do the “right” thing despite a clear balance of incentives to the contrary, emerges, if it does, in the context of a social network. Economists have recently devoted considerable attention to the impact of social structure and networks on the economy; for example, see the economists’ chapters in Rauch and Casella (2001) (and the illuminating review essay of this volume by Zuckerman, 2003), as well as Dutta and Jackson (2003) and Calvo´-Armengol (2004). However, I focus here on sociologists’ contributions. Sociologists have developed core principles about the interactions of social structure, information, ability to punish or reward, and trust that frequently recur in their analyses of political, economic and other institutions. I begin by reviewing some of these principles. Building on these, I then discuss how social structures and social networks can affect economic outcomes like hiring, price, productivity and innovation.
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
(2005): Handbook of organizational justice. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0668/2004056422-b.html
Abstract: Matters of perceived fairness and justice run deep in the workplace. Workers are concerned about being treated fairly by their supervisors; managers generally are interested in treating their direct reports fairly; and everyone is concerned about what happens when these expectations are violated. This exciting new handbook covers the topic of organizational justice, defined as people's perceptions of fairness in organizations.
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Gudykunst, W. B. (2005): Theorizing about Intercultural Communication. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage