Alle Publikationen
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2020
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(2020): Kant's notion of a transcendental schema. The constitution of objective cognition between epistemology and psychology. Berlin: Peter Lang AG (Studia philosophica et historica)Keywords: Kant, Philosophie, Philosophy, Psychologie, schema, Schemata, Schematheorie, Schematism, Schematismus
2017
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(2017): Judging the gender of the inanimate. Benevolent sexism and gender stereotypes guide impressions of physical objects. In: The British journal of social psychology 56 (3), S. 537-560. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12198
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12198 Abstract: Within a given culture, sexist ideologies and stereotypes are largely characterized by their prescriptive expectations for the types of social and behavioural domains men and women occupy. The activities that take place within these respective domains, however, frequently involve designed, physical artefacts. This study reports a pair of studies that test whether sexist schemas are capable of guiding not only impressions of men and women as social groups, but also their impressions of the inanimate objects associated with these groups. In Study 1, benevolent sexism was found to predict a greater willingness to classify physical objects as being either highly feminine or highly masculine, even when these objects had a neutral rating by the sample as a whole. In Study 2, stereotypes consistent with legitimizing ideologies (i.e., competence and warmth) predicted rating associated objects in complementary ways, in terms of greater liking of feminine objects but greater presumed competence needed for using masculine objects. These results demonstrate how sexist beliefs and attitudes are capable of bleeding into people's impressions of the physical world.
2014
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(2014): Making Sense of Culture. In: Annual Review of Sociology 40 (1), S. 1-30. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043123
2012
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(2012) : Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning In: Langford, John; Pineau, Joelle (Hg.): Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Machine Learning: Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: Anderson, USA: Omnipress, S. 507-514. Online verfügbar unter http://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.6209v5
Abstract: We consider the problem of building high-level, class-specific feature detectors from only unlabeled data. For example, is it possible to learn a face detector using only unlabeled images? To answer this, we train a 9-layered locally connected sparse autoencoder with pooling and local contrast normalization on a large dataset of images (the model has 1 billion connections, the dataset has 10 million 200x200 pixel images downloaded from the Internet). We train this network using model parallelism and asynchronous SGD on a cluster with 1,000 machines (16,000 cores) for three days. Contrary to what appears to be a widely-held intuition, our experimental results reveal that it is possible to train a face detector without having to label images as containing a face or not. Control experiments show that this feature detector is robust not only to translation but also to scaling and out-of-plane rotation. We also find that the same network is sensitive to other high-level concepts such as cat faces and human bodies. Starting with these learned features, we trained our network to obtain 15.8% accuracy in recognizing 20,000 object categories from ImageNet, a leap of 70% relative improvement over the previous state-of-the-art.
Keywords: Bilderkennung, Computer Science - Learning, Gestalt, Katze, schema, Schematheorie, Youtube -
(2012) : Schema(s) In: Seel, Norbert M.: Encyclopedia of the sciences of learning: New York: Springer (Springer reference), S. 2933-2936
2011
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(2011): Friend or Foe, Champ or Chump?. Social Conformity and Superiority Goals Activate Warmth-Versus Competence-Based Social Categorization Schemas. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 3 (4), S. 471-478. DOI: 10.1177/1948550611427357
Abstract: Evaluations of individuals and social groups refer to two basic dimensions of social judgment: warmth and competence. Although previous research has explored the antecedents and consequences of these evaluations, there is a lack of understanding of the conditions under which warmth and competence information is used for social categorization in the first place. The present research developed a novel measure of individuals' tendencies to categorize persons in terms of competence versus warmth and tested whether these tendencies are predicted by chronic (Study 1, N = 301) and experimentally induced (Study 2, N = 69) social conformity and superiority goals. Social conformity goals predicted greater relative use of warmth information, while superiority goals predicted greater relative use of competence information in categorizing persons. These findings attest to the relevance of chronic as well as contextually induced goals at an early stage of social information processing related to social categorization. zitiert von 10
1996
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(1996): Bedingungen und Auswirkungen der Analyse von Kultur(en) und interkulturellen Interaktionen
Abstract: Ein theoretisches Modell zur Beschreibung und Analyse von interkulturellen Prozessen wird vorgestellt. Zentrales Anliegen des Modells ist es, die Dynamik zwischen kultureller Konstanz in uberdauernden kulturellen, womoglich universell gultigen Strukturen und kulturellem Wandel zu verdeutlichen. Dabei wird auch auf das Problem der Abgrenzungs- und Zugehorigkeitsfunktion von Kultur in Verbindung mit dem zugleich thematisierten Aspekt der autonomen, kulturellen Produktion eingegangen. Zentrale Elemente des Modells sind als Analyseeinheit die "Situation" (kulturelle Uberschneidungssituation), aufgefasst als interdependentes Verhaltnis von Individuum und Umwelt, "Schemata" als Reprasentanten von inneren und ausseren Phanomenen sowie die von J. Piaget entlehnten Begriffe der Assimilation, Akkomodation und Aquilibration, mit denen der Gesichtspunkt der erfolgreichen Adaptation an sich verandernde situative Bedingungen betont wird. In der Fahigkeit zur kollektiven, nichtbiologischen Adaptation auf intermediarer Ebene wird ein Ausdruck der Kulturfahigkeit des Menschen gesehen. Mit dem Begriff der praadaptiven Gegensatze werden universell gultige Dilemmata bezeichnet, die vor jeder konkreten Adaptationsleistung fur alle Menschen bestehen. Weitere vorgeschlagene Begriffe sind "adaptives Pendeln" und "adaptive Achsen". Auf die Bedeutung der vorgestellten Theorie fur interkulturelle Kommunikation und fur die Funktion von Mediatoren als Vermittler zwischen Kulturen wird hingewiesen. zitiert von 115
1992
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(1992) : Schema, Schematismus In: Ritter, Joachim; Gründer, Karlfried; Gabriel, Gottfried (Hg.): Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie online: Basel: Schwabe Verlag, S. 1245-1263
1991
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Anderson, Norman H. (1991): Contributions to information integration theory. Moral-social development. pp. 137-187. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Abstract: moral development is not autonomous, but an integral part of general social and personality development / a theory of moral development cannot be self-contained, therefore, but must be part of a larger theory that includes social-personality development, and indeed, much perceptual-cognitive development as well this view is explicit in information integration theory, which seeks a unified treatment of moral development within a general theory of judgment and action / in this view, the processes involved in moral judgment are not essentially different from those involved in other social and cognitive judgment / the following discussion of moral development is accordingly set within the framework of social cognition this chapter illustrates how information integration theory can be used to study moral-social development / the first part gives a theoretical overview of three basic concepts, valuation, integration, and action, within a functional, goal-oriented framework / this leads to a discussion of several issues of cognitive analysis, mainly concerned with moral attitudes and values the second part of the chapter considers a schema approach to blame / begins with an illustration to show how much information can be gained from a single experiment through the integration approach / a more general discussion is then given, with an emphasis on social learning / the third part discusses unfairness and deserving in similar manner / the integration approach provides cognitive analysis that entails substantial revision of previous developmental studies / popular methods based on verbal report are shown to be seriously invalid the final part compares the integration approach with current stage formulations and makes some suggestions for collaboration between these two approaches / of primary concern is the development of a theoretical framework that can combine phenomenology with experimental method theoretical overview [integration, valuation, action, cognitive analysis] / blame and punishment / deserving and fairness [deserving, unfairness, equity and inequity, developmental analysis of deserving and equity, fairness studied with interviews, equity studies with children] / stage theories [Piaget's interview method, Kohlberg's approach, Rest's approach] / combined approach to moral development [integration, moral development, everyday life] (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
1984
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(1984): Stories, scripts, and scenes: Aspects of schema theory. Hillsdale: ErlbaumKeywords: schema
1981
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: Scheme theory. A conceptual framework for cognitive-motivational processes. Eckblad, G. (1981). Scheme theory. A conceptual framework for cognitive-motivational processes. London: Academic. Cambridge, MA: Academic PressKeywords: schema
1918
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: Die geistige Entwicklung des Kindes. Bühler, K. (1918). Die geistige Entwicklung des Kindes. Jena: Verlag Gustav Fischer. Stuttgart, Germany: Gustav Fischer VerlagKeywords: schema
1913
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(1913): Über die Gesetze des geordneten Denkverlaufes. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung. Stuttgart: Spemann
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