Alle Publikationen
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2016
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(2016): Smell in Polish. Lexical Semantics and Cultural Values. In: JOURNAL OF SLAVIC LINGUISTICS 24 (2), S. 273-299
Abstract: Verbs of perception have been typically classified into three semantic groups. Gisborne (2010) calls the three categories agentive (listen class), experiencer (hear class), and percept (sound class). Examples pertaining to the sense of smell in English use the same lexical item (smell), while in Polish, the three senses of smell are expressed with different verbs: wąchać (agentive), czuć zapach (experiencer), and pachnieć (percept). In metaphorical extensions of the verbs of sensory perception these verbs often stand for mental states, as meaning shifts typically involve the transfer from concrete to abstract domains. I show that the metaphorical extensions of pachnieć and percept to smell are quite different. Not only does pachnieć not suggest bad character or dislikeable characteristics, it actually conveys the opposite, as in the expression coś komuś pachnie ‘something is attractive to someone’ or when used without a modifier. These differences stem from the positive meaning of pachnieć and the negative meaning of to smell. Since the percept verbs of smell seem to be intrinsically positively or negatively valued, they do not lend themselves to universal Mind-as-Body extensions. I also consider some of the dramatic frequency contrasts between Polish and English smell constructions and show they can have their root in different cultural scripts underlying modes of speaking (pachnieć jak vs. smell like), framing of experiences (czuć zapach vs. experiencer to smell), polysemy, and different constructional capabilities (wąchać vs. to sniff).
Keywords: Agent, Agentive, Biologische Marker, Disziplin, Erlebender, Experiencer, frame semantics, Geräuschhören, Gisborne, Hear, Hören, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Kulturvergleich, Linguistik, Listen, Percept, Perzept, Riechen, schnüffeln, Semantik, Semantische Gruppen, Smell, Smell like, Sniff, sound, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverstehen, Status, Verben, Wahrnehmung, Wahrnehmung und Sprache, Wahrnehmungsverben, Zuhören 2015
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(2015): Karmic Cascades. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 19 (1), S. 69-91. DOI: 10.5840/techne20154228
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/techne20154228 Abstract: The content ranking system of reddit.com, the English language Internet’s most popular social news website, plays a large but often unnoticed role in shaping what users see and how they think. By pairing informational cascade theory with textual analysis, I argue that the “karma” system elevates particular forms of content over others and generates numerical cues that unconsciously guide users’ judgments about said content and about the world. By drawing on Heidegger’s account of modern technology, I argue that the karma system both symptomatizes and engenders an ontological perspective according to which things in general are taken as available, evaluable, and disposable.
2014
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(2014): Partizipation. Metapher, Mimesis, Musik - und die Kunst, Texte bewohnbar zu machen. Paderborn: Fink
Abstract: Dieses Buch legt Grundlagen für ein neues Verständnis von Literatur. Ausgehend von dem, was Leser nur als körperliche Wesen können, eröffnet es neue Fragen zum Sinn von Texten und zur literarischen Ästhetik. Literatur kann das Herz rasen, den Atem stocken, die vorlesende Stimme zittern lassen. Sie hat an der Körperlichkeit der Menschen teil. Aber auf welche Weise? Anhand von linguistischen, phänomenologischen, evolutionstheoretischen, medienphilosophischen und neurowissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen geht Jan Söffner dieser Frage nach. Er setzt bei dem gleichermaßen kulturell und evolutionär geformten Menschen an und versucht, seine Relation mit der Sprache zu bestimmen. Dabei wird das Paradigma sprachlicher Partizipation demjenigen der Referentialität zur Seite gestellt: Literatur nimmt nicht nur auf die körperliche Welt der Leser Bezug, sie hat an ihr auch teil.
2006
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(2006): The emotion machine: commonsense thinking, artificial intelligence and the future of the human mind. paperback edition. New York; London; Toronto; Sydney: Simon & Schuster
1994
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(1994): Interpersonal perception. A social relations analysis. New York: Guilford Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/guilford051/94008552.htmlKeywords: Assimilation, Concensus, Interaktion, Interaktionsanalyse, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Interpersonelle Beziehungen, Modell, Other-Perception, Reciprocity, Selbstbild, Self-Perception, Social Perception, social relations model, Soziale Beziehungen, Soziale Wahrnehmung, Sozialpsychologie, Urteilsbildung, Verhaltensanalyse, Verhaltensforschung, Wahrnehmung
1993
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(1993): Unbewußte Informationsverarbeitung. 1. Aufl.. Bern: Huber (Aus dem Programm Huber)
1979
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(1979): Prototypes in Person Perception. In: Advances in experimental social psychology 12, S. 3-52. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60258-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60258-0 Abstract: The chapter provides a brief glimpse on the various theoretical and empirical approaches taken to study person categories and categorization. The chapter provides a comprehensive and representative survey of the literature on person perception and social cognition emerging from other laboratories. Interest in the issues of category accessibility has been renewed recently as cognitive-social psychologists attempt to understand the person categorization process. The chapter discusses the nature of categories at different level of abstractions. The prototype approach, prototypicality rules (full view and the restricted view), and from prototype to social behavior is also discussed. Knowledge about person prototypes not only makes information processing easier, it also helps the perceiver to plan behavior in social interactions . It is easier to process information about characters that fit well with and are, therefore, prototypical of shared beliefs about various personality types. Character prototypicality was manipulated in a free-recall and personality impression paradigm through variations in the consistency of a character's identification with preexisting beliefs about two personality-type categories-extraversion and introversion. The chapter discusses the purpose, the goals and functions of person categorization, the nature of categories at different levels of abstraction, and determining prototypicality in detail.
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