Alle Publikationen
2009
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(2009): The Two Sides of Mimesis Girards Mimetic Theory, Embodiment Simulation and Socia Identification. In: Journal of Consciousness Studies 16 (4), S. 21-44
Abstract: Crucial in Girard's Mimetic Theory is the notion of mimetic desire, viewed as appropriative mimicry, the main source of aggressiveness and violence characterizing our species. The intrinsic value of the objects of our desire is not as relevant as the fact that the very same objects are the targets of others' desire. One could in principle object against such apparently negative and one-sided view of mankind, in general, and of mimesis, in particular. However, such argument would misrepresent Girard's thought. Girard himself acknowledged that mimetic desire is also good in itself, because is at the basis of love, and even more importantly because it's the opening out of oneself. Starting from the notion of desire as openness to others I will discuss from a neuroscientific perspective the implications for social cognition of mimesis against the background of Girard's Mimetic Theory, an ideal starting framework to foster a multidisciplinary approach to the study of human intersubjectivity. It will be posited that a different, not mutually exclusive, account of mimesis leads to social identification henceforth to sociality. Mimesis is neither good or bad, but has the potentials to lead not only to mimetic violence but also to the most creative aspects of human cognition. Results of empirical research in neuroscience and developmental psychology show that such account of mimesis finds solid supporting evidence. It will be concluded that a thorough and biologically plausible account of human intersubjectivity requires the integration of both sides of mimesis.
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(2009): Codes of the Underworld. How Criminals Communicate. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Online verfügbar unter http://gbv.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=815522
Abstract: How do criminals communicate with each other? Unlike the rest of us, people planning crimes can't freely advertise their goods and services, nor can they rely on formal institutions to settle disputes and certify quality. They face uniquely intense dilemmas as they grapple with the basic problems of whom to trust, how to make themselves trusted, and how to handle information without being detected by rivals or police. In this book, one of the world's leading scholars of the mafia ranges from ancient Rome to the gangs of modern Japan, from the prisons of Western countries to terrorist and pedo
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(2009): Automatic nonverbal analysis of social interaction in small groups. A review. In: Image and Vision Computing 27 (12), S. 1775-1787. DOI: 10.1016/j.imavis.2009.01.004
Abstract: An increasing awareness of the scientific and technological value of the automatic understanding of face-to-face social interaction has motivated in the past few years a surge of interest in the devising of computational techniques for conversational analysis. As an alternative to existing linguistic approaches for the automatic analysis of conversations, a relatively recent domain is using findings in social cognition, social psychology, and communication that have established the key role that nonverbal communication plays in the formation, maintenance, and evolution of a number of fundamental social constructs, which emerge from face-to-face interactions in time scales that range from short glimpses all the way to long-term encounters. Small group conversations are a specific case on which much of this work has been conducted. This paper reviews the existing literature on automatic analysis of small group conversations using nonverbal communication, and aims at bridging the current fragmentation of the work in this domain, currently split among half a dozen technical communities. The review is organized around the main themes studied in the literature and discusses, in a comparative fashion, about 100 works addressing problems related to the computational modeling of interaction management, internal states, personality traits, and social relationships in small group conversations, along with pointers to the relevant literature in social science. Some of the many open challenges and opportunities in this domain are also discussed.
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(2009): Diskriminierung ist zu bekampfen! Genderforschung als kritischer Schwerpunkt politischer Psychologie. In: Psychoscope 30 (6), S. 12-15
Abstract: Es wird eine kurze Einfuhrung in die Genderforschung gegeben. Formen des Sexismus sowie individuelle Handlungsoptionen und Dilemmata im demokratischen Gleichstellungsprozess werden beschrieben. Dabei stehen Moglichkeiten der Veranderung von Stereotypen im Vordergrund.
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(2009): Descriptive normative beliefs and conservation behavior: The moderating roles of personal involvement and injunctive normative beliefs. In: European Journal of Social Psychology. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.643
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(2009): Interaktion im öffentlichen Raum. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verl.
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Goodin, Robert E.; Moran, Michael; Rein, Martin (Hg.) (2009): The Oxford Handbook of Public Policy Online. Oxford, England: Oxford Univ. Press
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(2009): Hospitalk. Politeness and hierarchical structures in interdisciplinary discharge rounds. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 5 (1). DOI: 10.1515/JPLR.2009.002
Abstract: Although linguists have been exploring the nuances of politeness for decades, beginning with the pioneering works of Lakoff (1973), Brown and Levinson (1987) and Leech (1983), there has been little research focusing on impoliteness in medical interaction. Communication between various types of medical caregivers, too, is an under-researched area; most research on medical interaction involves doctor-patient discourse. Using all ethnographic discourse analytic approach, this study begins to address this gap by examining interactions during an interdisciplinary discharge rounds meeting at a major urban teaching hospital. In a teaching hospital, there is potential conflict between physicians-in-training and other members of caregiving teams; while physicians occupy a higher position on the administrative and social hierarchy of the hospital, other caregivers (e. g., registered nurses - who have sometimes had over 20 years of medical experience and spend much more time with patients than medical doctors) must determine how to be politelpolitic in voicing their opinions and suggestions regarding patient care. I explore politeness strategies used by various members of caregiving teams (e. g., registered nurses, social workers) to negotiate patient care decisions within the hospital hierarchy. Results indicate that mitigating strategies are an integral part of the communicative process within the institutional hierarchy of a teaching hospital.
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(2009): Intelligence and development scales (IDS). In: Intelligenz-und Entwicklungsskalen für Kinder von, S. 5-10
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(2009): Coordination in high-risk organizations. The need for flexible routines. In: Cognition, Technology & Work 11 (1), S. 17-27. DOI: 10.1007/s10111-008-0119-y
Abstract: In this article, we link the literatures on organizational routines and the management of uncertainties in order to establish the concept of flexible routines. Supported by flexible rules, this type of routine is argued to help achieve the right balance between standardization and flexibility, thus enabling resilience through loose coupling in high-risk organizations. The operationalization of the concept of flexible routine can help strategic decision-making regarding the design of high-risk systems as well as operational decision-making in the course of handling complex work processes. To underpin these arguments, findings from a case study on rules management in a railway organization are presented, where alignment of rules with the amount of uncertainty and actors' competencies for handling uncertainties were analyzed. Implications for future research on flexible routines are discussed. zitiert von 111
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(2009): Effects of fitness training and yoga on well-being stress, social competence and body image. In: NEUROPSYCHIATRIE 23 (4), S. 244-248
Abstract: Objectives: Aims of our study were to describe and compare influences from a physical activity program and a yoga program on well-being, mood, stress-coping, body-image and social competence in healthy people. Methods: 18 persons attending a gym and 21 taking part in a yoga program answered following questionnaires before entering the program and after taking part for 20 units: Body-Image-Questionnaire (25), Symptom-Checklist- 90R (8), Complaint-List (31), Adjective Mood-Scale (32) and a Visual Analogue Scale for assessing stress-level (10). Results: Statistical analyses show significant improvement in social competence in both training groups; the gym-group report reduced sexual discomfort, whereas people taking part in yoga-group show a reduction in somatization and body-related anxiety as well as an improvement in physical and emotional well-being. Conclusion: Our findings support the evidence that physical activity in general improves psychological well-being, however, gym and yoga seem to have different psychological impacts. Future research should focus on comparing the psychological effects of different physical activity interventions in prevention programmes as well as exercise prescriptions in patients with mental illness.
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(2009): Politeness and Politics in Cicero's Letters. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
Abstract: This book presents a fresh examination of the letters exchanged between Cicero and correspondents such as Pompey, Julius Caesar, and Mark Antony during the final turbulent decades of the Roman Republic. Drawing upon sociolinguistic theories of politeness, it argues that formal relationships between powerful members of the elite were constrained by distinct conventions of courtesy and etiquette. By examining in detail these linguistic conventions of politeness, the book presents new insights into the social manners that shaped aristocratic relationships. Specific topics include a discussion of the role of letter-writing within the Roman aristocracy; the epistolary use of linguistic politeness to convey respect to fellow members of the elite; the deployment of conventionalized expressions of affection and goodwill to cultivate alliances with ambitious rivals, and the diplomatic exploitation of “polite fictions” at times of political tension. The book also explores the strategies of politeness employed by Cicero and his correspondents when making requests and dispensing advice, and when engaging in epistolary disagreements (Cicero's exchanges with Appius Claudius Pulcher, Munatius Plancus, and Mark Antony receive particular attention).
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(2009): Culture and social cognition in human interaction
Abstract: Discusses the relationship between culture and social cognition and examines fundamental cognitive processes involved in social interaction. Topics include universalistic and relativistic positions, culture-specific construals of the individual and the social situation, culture-specific aspects of personal agency, social situation, and personality patterns, and empirical evidence for cultural variation and social cognition underlying self-regulation, self-evaluation, social perception, and social interaction. The influences of independent and interdependent self-knowledge on information processing through semantic and procedural application mechanisms are illustrated. Attributes of social interaction including perception, behavior, and communication are discussed. It is concluded that a person's mental construals regarding the person, the self, and the social situation influence social interaction. Culture determines the frequency with which information about these variables is accessible, and cross-cultural research provides valuable information in the study of the social-cognition paradigm. zitiert von 16
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(2009) : Face and Interaction In: Bargiela-Chiappini, Francesca; Haugh, Michael (Hg.): Face, communication and social interaction: First published 2009: Sheffield, United Kingdom: Equinox Publishing Ltd, S. 1-32
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Hautzinger, Martin; Pauli, Paul (Hg.) (2009): Psychotherapeutische Methoden. Göttingen: Hogrefe
Keywords: Psychotherapie -
(2009) : Fairness. In: Peil, Jan; Van Staveren, Irene (Hg.): Handbook of economics and ethics.: Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing, S. 152-158
Abstract: 'Fair' is something we ask others to be. It is an injunction to act in a particular way. Before we proceed to describe the particularity of this, it is important to acknowledge that the use of fairness arguments in our conversation with others already presupposes a more complicated reading of human behavior than the homo economicus model would suggest. People do not merely maximize utility given fixed preferences and a set of constraints; others can make them do otherwise. If not, there would be no point in trying to convince a person to do something. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2009): Pillars of cooperation. Honesty–Humility, social value orientations, and economic behavior. In: Journal of Research in Personality 43 (3), S. 516-519. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.01.003
Abstract: The current work explores the predictive power of the recently proposed sixth personality dimension, Honesty–Humility, with respect to economic and cooperative behavior. It was expected that this factor should explain how decision makers allocate a valued good to themselves vs. another in the dictator and the ultimatum game. More importantly, we predicted that Honesty–Humility would explain differences between these games in which the power of the recipient to retaliate is varied. Both conjectures were corroborated in a semi-experimental study with N=134 participants: individuals low in Honesty–Humility made more selfish decisions and only shifted towards a more fair allocation whenever the other was empowered to punish defection. Those high in Honesty–Humility, on the other hand, displayed a stable tendency for choosing a more fair solution – even when they could have defected without fearing consequences. Finally, social value orientations were shown to partially mediate the effects found.
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(2009) : Conversational inference. Social cognition as interactional intelligence In: Strack, Fritz; Förster, Jens; Strack, Fritz (Ed); Förster, Jens (Ed) (Hg.): Social cognition: The basis of human interaction: New York, NY, US: Psychology Press, S. 71-92
Abstract: The term social cognition has been used by psychologists to describe distinct objects of study. In one meaning, social cognition can be characterized as the application of cognitive psychology to understand how judgments are made about social objects. So, cognitive theories about category prototypes were used to understand stereotypes about social groups, and the distinction between automatic and controlled processing has been used by social psychologists to better understand social judgment processes such as sentencing offenders in a criminal court. In this chapter, the author is concerned with a different sense of social cognition, namely, the social psychology of higher mental processes. In this view, social cognition informs the process of understanding itself through equipping individuals with the interactional intelligence that enables them to communicate with others through successful language use and understanding. The author presents some recent thinking in linguistics to illustrate this perspective before returning to its implications for the psychology of reasoning and judgment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adjudication, Cognition, Cognitions, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive psychology, Comprehension, Conversation, conversational inference, higher mental processes, Inference, interactional intelligence, Interpersonal Interaction, Judgment, Kognitionswissenschaften, Language, LANGUAGE USE, Linguistics, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, Social Cognition, Reasoning, Social intelligence, social judgments, Soziale Intelligenz, Sozialpsychologie, understanding -
(2009) : An artificial neural network approach for creating an ethical artificial agent: 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation - (CIRA): Daejeon, Korea: IEEE, S. 290-295
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CIRA.2009.5423190 Abstract: Autonomous robotic systems and intelligent artificial agents’ capability have advanced dramatically. Since the intelligent artificial agents have been developing more autonomous and human-like, the capability of them to make moral decisions becomes an important issue. In this work we developed an artificial neutral network which considered various effective factors for ethical assessment of an action to determine that if a behavior or an action is ethically permissible or not. We integrated this net to the BDI-agent model as a part of its reasoning process to behave ethically in various environments.
Keywords: AMA, Artificial ethical agent, Artificial intelligence, artificial neural network, artificial neural network approach, artificial neural networks, autonomous robotic systems, BDI-Agent, BDI-agent model, ethical artificial agent, ethical reasoning, Ethics, Humanoid Robots, Humans, ieee xplore, intelligent agent, intelligent artificial agents, intelligent robots, Intelligent Systems, machine ethics, Mobile robots, Moral & Ethik, multi-agent systems, neurocontrollers, reasoning process, Software agents, Turning -
(2009): Was ist Moral?. In: Zeitschrift fur Individualpsychologie 34 (2), S. 145-157
Abstract: Mit Moral wird die Gesamtheit der Regeln verstanden, mit deren Befolgung zur Realisierung gemeinsamer Werte beigetragen wird. Damit wird die Frage aufgeworfen und diskutiert, ob jeder seine eigenen Werte hat, ein Werteverfall zu beklagen ist und ob es individuell verschiedene moralische Regeln gibt. Es wird argumentiert, dass es fur die Funktion und die Erhaltung sozialen Lebens notwendig ist, dass es objektive und universelle Werte und moralische Normen gibt. Die Theorien, die dies nicht nur in funktionaler, sondern auch in substanzieller Hinsicht zeigen, moralischer Realismus und moralischer Kognitivismus, werden vorgestellt und sie werden anhand sozialphilosophischer Uberlegungen fundiert. Eingegangen wird dabei die Nonkognitivisten A. Ayer, Ch. L. Stevenson und N. Hoerster sowie auf den Kognitivisten H. Putman. zitiert von: 23
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(2009): The valentyn case. plagiarism and scientific decorum at the beginning of the eighteenth century. In: TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR NEDERLANDSE TAAL-EN LETTERKUNDE 125 (1), S. 22-40
Abstract: François Valentyn (1666-1727) is the author of Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën, which is the most comprehensive book about Asia published in the eighteenth century. Modern criticism of his work to a large degree revolves around accusations of plagiarism of naturalist Georg Rumphius. This criticism, however, does not take into account early eighteenth-century notions of plagiarism and systems of referencing. This article tries to read the shortcomings (from our perspective) of Valentyn's system of referencing against the background of shifting ideas about scholarly behaviour and referencing within the Republic of Letters around 1700. The argument of the paper focusses both on Valentyn's use of Rumphius and his defence against potential accusations of plagiarism in the case of his assertions about the possible location of biblical Ophir in the book of Kings. It is concluded that Valentyn found himself in an ambiguous discursive position. Although he was acquainted with the stricter guidelines for scholarly referencing in the Republic of Letters, in which he held at most an outsider's position, at the same time he remained caught up in a historiographical discourse which discouraged explicit attribution and, in the case of travel writing, even allowed large scale plagiarism.
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(2009) : Normverletzung und neue Normen In: Konopka, Marek; Strecker, Bruno (Hg.): Deutsche Grammatik - Regeln, Normen, Sprachgebrauch: Berlin; New York: De Gruyter, S. 117-140
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(2009) : Models of decision making on guilt and sanctions In: Oswald, Margit E.; Bieneck, Steffen; Hupfeld-Heinemann, Jörg (Hg.): Social psychology of punishment of crime: Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, S. 275-293
Abstract: Discusses models of decision making regarding guilt and sanctions. Following a discussion of the various decision-making tasks in criminal law as well as the of issue regarding who makes these decisions, major approaches to decision making are described. These comprise mathematical approaches based on probability theory, cognitive algebra, and stochastic processes; heuristic approaches in the tradition of heuristics and biases and fast-and-frugal heuristics; and complex coherence-based approaches such as the story model and the constraint-satisfaction model. In closing, a comparative summary of the various models and examples of their application are provided.
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(2009): Interacting? Yes. But, of what kind and on what basis?. In: Consciousness and cognition 18 (2), S. 543-546. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.12.006
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering; Ieee Case; Annual IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (2009): IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, 2009. CASE 2009 ; 22 - 25 Aug. 2009, Bangalore, India. 2009 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2009). Bangalore, India, 8/22/2009 - 8/25/2009. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE