Alle Publikationen
2011
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Computer Society; IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC); Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference; IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference; Compsacw; IEEE International Workshop on Software Cybernetics (IWSC); IEEE International Workshop on Open NGN and IMS Testbeds (ONIT); IEEE International Workshop on Security, Trust, and Privacy for Software Applications (STPSA); IEEE International Workshop on Software Test Automation (STA); IEEE International Workshop on Component-Based Design of Resource-Constrained Systems (CORCS); IEEE International Workshop on Industrial Experience in Embedded System Design (IEESD); IEEE International Workshop on Applied Cloud Computing (CloudApp); IEEE International Workshop on Quality Oriented Reuse of Software (QUORS); IEEE International Workshop on Computer Forensics in Software Engineering (CFSE); IEEE International Workshop on Engineering Semantic Agent Systems (ESAS); IEEE International Workshop on Security Aspects of Process and Services Engineering (SAPSE); IEEE International Workshop on Service Science and Systems (SSS); IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Services (REFS); IEEE International Workshop on Program Debugging (IWPD) (2011): IEEE 35th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference workshops (COMPSACW), 2011. 18 - 22 July 2011, Munich, Germany ; proceedings. 2011 IEEE 35th IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops (COMPSACW). Munich, Germany, 7/18/2011 - 7/22/2011. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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. International Conference on Culture and Computing (2011)Second International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture computing), 2011. 20 - 22 Oct. 2011, Kyoto, Japan ; proceedings. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. Online verfügbar unter https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/culture-computing/2011/4546/00/index.html
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(2011): Sensitivity analysis in cost-effectiveness studies. From guidelines to practice. In: PharmacoEconomics 29 (4), S. 297-314. DOI: 10.2165/11584630-000000000-00000
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21395350 Abstract: Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is one of the main tools of economic evaluation. Every CEA is based on a number of assumptions, some of which may not be accurate, introducing uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis (SA) formalizes ways to measure and evaluate this uncertainty. Specific sources of uncertainty in CEA have been noted by various researchers. In this work, we consolidate across all sources of uncertainty, discuss the imbalanced attention to SA across different sources, and discuss criteria for conducting and reporting SA to help bridge the gap between guidelines and practice. Guidelines on how to perform SA have been published for many years in response to requests for greater standardization among researchers. Decision makers tasked with reviewing new health technologies also seem to appreciate the additional information conveyed by a robust SA, including the attention to important patient subgroups. Yet, past reviews have shown that there is a substantial gap between the guidelines' suggestions and the quality of SA in the field. Past reviews have also focused on one or two but not all three sources of uncertainty. The objective of our work is to comprehensively review all different sources of uncertainty and provide a concise set of criteria for conducting and presenting SA, stratified by common modelling approaches, including decision analysis and regression models. We first provide an overview of the three sources of uncertainty in a CEA (parameter, structural and methodological), including patient heterogeneity. We then present results from a literature review of the conduct and reporting of SA based on 406 CEA articles published between 2000 and mid-2009. We find that a minority of papers addressed at least two of the three sources of uncertainty, with no change over time. On the other hand, the use of some sophisticated techniques, such as probabilistic SA, has surged over the past 10 years. Lastly, we identify criteria for reporting uncertainty-robust SA and also discuss how to conduct SA and how to improve the reporting of SA for decision makers. We recommend that researchers take a more comprehensive view of uncertainty when planning SA for an economic evaluation.
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(2011): Chancen und Risiken technischer Assistenz für Menschen mit Behinderungen. In: Archiv für Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit 42 (3). Online verfügbar unter http://verlag.deutscher-verein.de/index.php?main
Abstract: Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Chancen und Risiken von assistierenden Technologien für Menschen mit Behinderung aus den Perspektiven der Anwender - der Betroffenen selbst, der Angehörigen sowie der pädagogischen Profession - dargelegt. Zur reflektierten Abwägung der Vor- und Nachteile der Techniknutzung bedarf es ethischer Standards. (Autorenreferat)
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(2011): Verbesserung der Wirkung und Akzeptanz von Fahrerassistenzsystemen durch Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen an den Fahrer. Online verfügbar unter https://publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de/receive/dbbs_mods_00038852, zuletzt geprüft am 31.07.2019
Abstract: Ziel der Arbeit war die Gewinnung neuer Erkenntnisse über die Funktionsgestaltung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen, die zur Verbesserung ihrer Wirksamkeit und Akzeptanz beitragen. Psychologische Modelle zum Fahrverhalten identifizieren die Anforderungen einer Fahraufgabe als wesentlich für die Fahrleistung. Dieses legt die Abstimmung des Assistenzsystems mit den Anforderungen als Möglichkeit zur Verbesserung der Fahrerunterstützung nahe. In 4 Studien zur Längs- und Querführung wurde untersucht, ob mit den Anforderungen abgestimmte Assistenzsysteme zu einer verbesserten Wirksamkeit und Akzeptanz im Vergleich zu nicht abgestimmten Systemen führen. In den Studien waren aufgrund der Aufgabenanforderungen entweder die Informationsaufnahme, die Handlungsplanung oder die Handlungsausführung des Fahrers erschwert. Unterstützung erhielten die Probanden durch 3 verschiedene Assistenzsysteme. Der Info-Assistent unterstützte die Informationsaufnahme, der Warn-Assistent die Handlungsplanung und der Eingriff die Handlungsausführung. Somit unterstützte in jeder Studie ein Assistenzsystem gezielt bei der erschwerten Anforderung und wurde aufgrund dieser Abstimmung als das hilfreichste System vermutet. Die Wirkung der Assistenten wurde anhand der Fahrleistung, Akzeptanz und Beanspruchung erhoben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Konzept der Abstimmung von Assistenzfunktionen mit den Aufgabenanforderungen grundsätzlich sinnvoll erscheint. Es zeigte sich außerdem, dass die genauen Schwierigkeiten, die sich aufgrund der Anforderungen für den Fahrer ergeben, noch differenzierter für verschiedene Situationen untersucht werden sollten. Für die Entwicklung von Assistenzsystemen bedeuten die Ergebnisse, Fahrerassistenzsysteme möglicherweise mit mehreren anstelle nur einer Funktion auszustatten und diese je nach wechselnden Anforderungen zu aktivieren. Ferner könnte der Ansatz als Basis für ein Modell zur Vorhersagbarkeit der wirksamsten Assistenzfunktion dienen.
Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz -
(2011): Status, power and ritual interaction. A relational reading of Durkheim, Goffman and Collins. Farnham: AshgateKeywords: Collins, Randall, Collins, Randall, 1941---Knowledge--Social psychology, Durkheim, Émile, Durkheim, Émile, 1858-1917--Knowledge--Social psychology, Goffman, Erving, Goffman, Erving--Knowledge--Social psychology, Macht, Power (Social sciences), Prestige, Ritual, social importance dynamics, Social interaction--Philosophy, Social psychology--Philosophy, Social status, Social status--Psychological aspects, Sozialstatus
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(2011): How long is a moment: The perception and reality of task-related absences. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 3 (3), S. 243-252. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-011-0098-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0098-7 Abstract: We have investigated actual and perceived human performance associated with a simple task involving walking and applied the developed knowledge to a human-robot interaction. Based on experiments involving walking at a ’purposeful and comfortable’ pace, parameters were determined for a trapezoidal model of walking: starting from standing still, accelerating to a constant pace, walking at a constant pace, and decelerating to a stop. We also collected data on humans’ evaluation of the accomplishment of a simple task involving walking: determining the transitions from having taken too short a period of time to an appropriate time and from having taken an appropriate time to having taken too long. People were found to be accurate in estimating the task duration for short tasks, but to underestimate the duration of longer tasks. This information was applied to a human-robot interaction involving a human leaving for a ’moment’ and the robot knows how long the task should take and how time is evaluated by a human. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2011): Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness. In: Journal of Historical Pragmatics 12 (1-2), S. 133-155. DOI: 10.1075/jhp.12.1-2.06ker
Abstract: Forms and conceptions of politeness vary noticeably from one society to another, and also, within a given society, from one age to another. However, it can be assumed that the treatment of politeness phenomena in terms of "facework" as advocated by Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987) might help us to shed some light on both cultural variations and diachronic variations in politeness behaviour. This assumption is tested by considering the question of "good manners" in the French classic age as they are recorded in some prescriptive and literary writings. The study reveals that the profound logic that politeness obeys is the same in all eras. I take a special interest in the "double binds" we are confronted with in the exercise of politeness, looking at, for example, compliments as a ritual activity.
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(2011): Social Understanding without Mentalizing. In: Philosophical Topics 39 (1), S. 41-65. DOI: 10.5840/philtopics201139113
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(2011): Cosi fan tutte. Information, Beliefs, and Compliance with Norms. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie 40 (4). DOI: 10.1515/zfsoz-2011-0402
Abstract: Soziale Normen helfen bei der Lösung von kollektiven Dilemmata. Zusätzlich zu den Erklärungsfaktoren Internalisierung, soziale Kontrolle, rationales Kalkül und rationale Akzeptanz analysiert dieser Aufsatz den Effekt von Informationen auf die Befolgung von Normen. Individuen, so wird argumentiert, befolgen soziale Normen, solange sie überzeugt sind, dass die Norm gültig ist, das heißt sich auch alle anderen daran halten. Wenn die Norm hingegen nicht mehr als gültig angesehen wird und das Individuum nicht mehr von der Gültigkeit der Norm überzeugt ist, wird es die Norm missachten. Beide Reaktionen lassen sich als Ergebnis einer rationalen Wahl auffassen. Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der Gültigkeit von Normen werden durch Informationen beeinflusst, und zwar sowohl durch öffentliche Informationen (etwa aus den Medien) als auch durch private Erfahrungen. Individuen korrigieren und aktualisieren ihre Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der Gültigkeit von Normen auf der Grundlage dieser Informationen. In Ergänzung der vorliegenden Ansätze zur Erklärung von Normbefolgung testet dieser Aufsatz die Relevanz von Informationen. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen basierend auf einer Mehrebenenanalyse von Umfragedaten aus 24 Ländern eine starke Evidenz dafür, dass die gesellschaftliche Verbreitung von Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der Gültigkeit von Normen ein wichtiger Faktor für ihre Befolgung sind, der in seiner Stärke mit dem Effekt der Internalisierung von Normen vergleichbar ist. (Autorenreferat)
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(2011): THEORY OF COMPANIONS: WHAT CAN THEORETICAL MODELS CONTRIBUTE TO APPLICATIONS AND UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION?. In: Applied Artificial Intelligence 25 (6), S. 474-502
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(2011): Collective Intentionality and the (Re)Production of Social Norms. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 42 (3), S. 323-355. DOI: 10.1177/0048393111399100
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(2011): Die Erklärung sozialen Handelns. Grundlagen und Anwendung einer integrativen Theorie. Teilw. zugl.: Mannheim, Univ., Diss., 2009. 1. Aufl.. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften / Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH Wiesbaden (Neue Bibliothek der Sozialwissenschaften)
Abstract: Die Erklärung sozialen Handelns ist eine Kernaufgabe der Sozialwissenschaften. Ausgehend von den beiden Konzepten der Definition der Situation und der variablen Rationalität der Akteure entwickelt der Autor eine Handlungstheorie, die zentrale Einsichten soziologischer, ökonomischer und sozialpsychologischer Ansätze integriert: das Modell der Frame-Selektion. Der Autor zeigt, auf welche Weise die Theorie in diversen Forschungsfeldern einsetzbar ist, und wendet sie zur Lösung zweier prominenter Rätsel des Handelns an: der Wahlteilnahme in Demokratien und der Rettung von Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.
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(2011): Inverse gender gap in Germany. Social dominance orientation among men and women. In: International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie 46 (1), S. 33-45. DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2010.491121
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22044131 Abstract: Across cultures studies show that men score higher on social dominance orientation than women. This gender gap is considered invariant, but conflicting explanations are discussed: Some authors refer to evolutionary psychology and perceive the gender gap to be driven by sociobiological factors. Other authors argue that social roles or gender-stereotypical self-construals encouraged by intergroup comparisons are responsible for attitudinal gender difference. In Study 1 we analyzed sex differences in social dominance orientation in three German probability surveys (each n > 2300). Unexpectedly, the analyses yielded an inverse gender gap with higher values for social dominance orientation in women than in men. Interactions with age, education, political conservatism, and perceived inequity indicated that the inverse gender gap can be mainly attributed to older, conservative, (and less educated) respondents, and those who feel they get their deserved share. In Study 2 we replicated the well-known gender gap with men scoring higher than women in social dominance orientation among German students. Results are interpreted on the basis of biocultural interaction, which integrates the sociobiological, social role, and self-construal perspectives. Our unusual findings seem to reflect a struggle for status by members of low-status groups who consider group-based hierarchy the most promising option to improve their status. While younger women take advantage of a relational, feminine self-construal that leads to lower social dominance orientation in young women than in young men, older women are supposed to profit from an agentic self-construal that results in stronger social dominance orientation values. Specific characteristics of the culture in Germany seem to promote this strategy. Here, we discuss the female ideal of the national socialist period and the agentic female social role in the post-war era necessitated by the absence of men.
Keywords: 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Female, Gender, Gender Identity, Germany, Geschlechterforschung, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Kulturelle Unterschiede, Kulturforschung, Male, Middle Aged, Politics, Self Concept, Social Dominance, Socialism, Socialization, Stereotyping, Young Adult -
(2011): The evolution of international human rights. Visions seen. Third edition. Philadelphia: Penn University of Pennsylvania Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt46nqdn
DOI: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt46nqdn Abstract: This widely acclaimed and highly regarded book, used extensively by students, scholars, policymakers, and activists, now appears in a new third edition. Focusing on the theme of visions seen by those who dreamed of what might be, Lauren explores the dramatic transformation of a world patterned by centuries of human rights abuses into a global community that now boldly proclaims that the way governments treat their own people is a matter of international concern—and sets the goal of human rights "for all peoples and all nations." He reveals the truly universal nature of this movement, places contemporary events within their broader historical contexts, and explains the relationship between individual cases and larger issues of human rights with insight. This new edition incorporates material from recently declassified documents and the most recent scholarship relating to the creation of the new Human Rights Council and its Universal Periodic Review, the International Criminal Court, the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), terrorism and torture, the impact of globalization and modern technology, and activists in NGOs devoted to human rights. It provides perceptive assessments of the process of change, the power of visions and visionaries, politics and political will, and the evolving meanings of sovereignty, security, and human rights themselves. Paul Gordon Lauren is Regents Professor at the University of Montana. He is the author of a number of books, including the award-winning Power and Prejudice: The Politics and Diplomacy of Racial Discrimination.
Keywords: Civil rights, Human Rights -
(2011) : Understanding users' perception of privacy in human-robot interaction In: Billard, Aude: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction: the 6th international conference: Lausanne, Switzerland: 3/6/2011 - 3/9/2011. ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence; ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction: New York, NY: ACM
Abstract: Previous research has shown that design features that support privacy are essential for new technologies looking to gain widespread adoption. As such, privacy-sensitive design will be important for the adoption of social robots, as they could introduce new types of privacy risks to users. In this paper, we report findings from our preliminary study on users' perceptions and attitudes toward privacy in human-robot interaction, based on interviews that we conducted about a workplace social robot.
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(2011): Convention. A philosophical study. [Nachdr.]. Oxford: Blackwell
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(2011) : Taking into account emotions in mixed human/agent systems for improving collaborative work: Proceedings of the 2011 15th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD): Proceedings of the 2011 15th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD): Lausanne, Switzerland: IEEE, S. 854-857
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCWD.2011.5960218 Abstract: Interacting with other persons implies having appropriate reactions to their actions. In the professional field, inappropriate responses can be very prejudicial. Many studies point out the importance of emotions in the construct of behavioral responses. This article proposes a model of emotional, social and cognitive Personal Assistant agent that can help its user to avoid conflicts.
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(2011): Towards an Effective Design of Social Robots. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 3 (4), S. 333-335. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-011-0121-z
Abstract: In the past decade, we have witnessed an intensive progress of technology spurred on by community initiatives. The guest editors had its first meeting in 2010 to find that it was timely for the community to collectively document the recent advances in social robotics through a special issue in the International Journal of Social Robotics. This special issue presents various designs for social robots in order to make them more effective and natural for human-robot interactions. Social robots are autonomous robots that are able to interact and communicate among themselves, with humans, and with the environment and are designed to operate according to the established social and cultural norms. The main requirement for such robots is intelligence, which forms the basis of human-robot interaction. Many design requirements should be considered for social robots. Among these are the abilities to: 1. recognize the presence of a human through its senses such as vision, touch and sound; 2. engage in physical acknowledgment such as holding or touching; 3. use physical motions and gestures; 4. express and/or perceive emotions and 5. engage in a conversation. This special issue addresses various challenges in the design of social robots, which can be used in a variety of applications, such as research platforms, toys and games, educational tools, and therapeutic aids.
Keywords: Ausdrücken und Erkennen von Emotion, Design, Disziplin, Emotionserkennung, Fähigkeit zu physischer Rückmeldung (Berührung etc.), Fähigkeit, eine Konversation zu führen, Fähigkeit, menschliche Anwesenheit zu erkennen, Gestische und mobile Fähigkeiten, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Intelligenz, Interaktionspartner, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Realtechnik, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Robotik, Technik -
(2011): Robot Ethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics. Cambridge, UNITED STATES: MIT Press. Online verfügbar unter http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ubielefeld/detail.action?docID=3339351, zuletzt geprüft am 13.10.2019
Abstract: Prominent experts from science and the humanities explore issues in robot ethics that range from sex to war. Robots today serve in many roles, from entertainer to educator to executioner. As robotics technology advances, ethical concerns become more pressing: Should robots be programmed to follow a code of ethics, if this is even possible? Are there risks in forming emotional bonds with robots? How might society‐and ethics‐change with robotics? This volume is the first book to bring together prominent scholars and experts from both science and the humanities to explore these and other questions in this emerging field. Starting with an overview of the issues and relevant ethical theories, the topics flow naturally from the possibility of programming robot ethics to the ethical use of military robots in war to legal and policy questions, including liability and privacy concerns. The contributors then turn to human-robot emotional relationships, examining the ethical implications of robots as sexual partners, caregivers, and servants. Finally, they explore the possibility that robots, whether biological-computational hybrids or pure machines, should be given rights or moral consideration. Ethics is often slow to catch up with technological developments. This authoritative and accessible volume fills a gap in both scholarly literature and policy discussion, offering an impressive collection of expert analyses of the most crucial topics in this increasingly important field.
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. Linguistic Politeness Research Group (2011): Discursive approaches to politeness. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton
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(2011): The Cultural Intelligence Difference. New York: Amacom
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(2011): Computational meta-ethics: Towards the meta-ethical robot. In: Minds and Machines: Journal for Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy and Cognitive Science 21 (2), S. 261-274. DOI: 10.1007/s11023-011-9229-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-011-9229-z Abstract: [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 21(3) of Minds and Machines (see record [rid]2011-14510-008[/rid]). In the original article, there was en error under the section heading ’Design of a Meta-Ethical Robot’. The correction is given in the erratum.] It has been argued that ethically correct robots should be able to reason about right and wrong. In order to do so, they must have a set of do’s and don’ts at their disposal. However, such a list may be inconsistent, incomplete or otherwise unsatisfactory, depending on the reasoning principles that one employs. For this reason, it might be desirable if robots were to some extent able to reason about their own reasoning—in other words, if they had some meta-ethical capacities. In this paper, we sketch how one might go about designing robots that have such capacities. We show that the field of computational meta-ethics can profit from the same tools as have been used in computational metaphysics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2011): Race Differences in Tipping. Testing the Role of Norm Familiarity. In: Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 52 (1), S. 73-80. DOI: 10.1177/1938965510389297
Abstract: On average, blacks tip less than whites in the United States. As a result, many servers dislike waiting on black tables and deliver inferior service to those blacks seated in their sections. Furthermore, this race difference makes it difficult to attract and retain waitstaff in predominately black neighborhoods, which makes such neighborhoods less attractive places for corporations to locate full-service restaurants. To address these issues, race differences in tipping need to be sizably reduced, which requires an understanding of their underlying causes. This study tests and supports the role of norm familiarity in producing race differences in tipping by demonstrating that norm awareness mediates those differences in tipping and that race does not moderate the effects of norm awareness on tipping. These results support the idea that race differences in tipping can be sizably reduced by educating blacks about appropriate tipping norms, so restaurant managers as well as major industry organizations are encouraged to engage in such educational campaigns.
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(2011) : A novel real-time emotion detection system from audio streams based on Bayesian Quadratic Discriminate Classifier for ADAS: Proceedings of the Joint INDS’11 ISTET’11: Klagenfurt, Austria: IEEE, S. 1-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/INDS.2011.6024783 Abstract: This paper presents a real-time emotion recognition concept of voice streams. A comprehensive solution based on Bayesian Quadratic Discriminate Classifier(QDC) is developed. The developed system supports Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to detect the mood of the driver based on the fact that aggressive behavior on road leads to traffic accidents. We use only 12 features to classify between 5 different classes of emotions. We illustrate that the extracted emotion features are highly overlapped and how each emotion class is effecting the recognition ratio. Finally, we show that the Bayesian Quadratic Discriminate Classifier is an appropriate solution for emotion detection systems, where a real-time detection is deeply needed with a low number of features.
Keywords: ADAS, Advanced driver assistance systems, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), audio signal processing, audio streaming, audio streams, Bayes methods, Bayesian methods, Bayesian quadratic discriminate classifier, driver information systems, emotion feature extraction, emotion recognition, Feature extraction, ieee xplore, real-time emotion detection system, real-time emotion recognition concept, road accidents, speech, speech recognition, Support vector machines, traffic accidents, Vehicles, voice streams