Alle Publikationen
2015
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(2015) : Empathische Reaktionen und ihre Modellierung im Computer In: Fink, Helmut; Rosenzweig, Rainer (Hg.): Das soziale Gehirn. Neurowissenschaft und menschliche Bindung: Münster: mentis, S. 121-136. Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdx&AN=0306308&site=ehost-live
Abstract: Der Forschungs- und Entwicklungsstand zu emotionalen Reaktionen bei technischen Systemen wird zusammengefasst. Computergesteuerte Agenten können in gewissen Grenzen Empathie simulieren. Besondere Herausforderungen sind dabei die korrekte Erfassung des Gefühlszustands des Nutzers, die glaubwürdige Äußerung emotionaler Signale und der adäquate Verlauf des emotionalen Geschehens. Umgekehrt erweist sich die Empathie von Menschen gegenüber Robotern als stark eingeschränkt. Ein Nutzen virtueller Charaktere zeigt sich bereits bei Anti-Mobbing-Programmen und pädagogischen Rollenspielen, in der Betreuung von Demenzpatienten und in der Autismustherapie. Ethische Fragen stellen sich bei den Themen Authentizität und Datenschutz. Ansätze aus der Informatik zur Nachbildung empathischen Verhaltens durch Computermodelle werden skizziert. Es wird betont, dass wachsendes Interesse an diesem Forschungsgebiet erwarten lässt, dass virtuelle Charaktere und Roboter künftig mit verfeinerten empathischen Fähigkeiten einem menschlichen Gegenüber zunehmend die Illusion von mitfühlenden Individuen vermitteln. Damit eignen sie sich zur Überprüfung von Verhaltenshypothesen und eröffnen Optionen für gänzlich neue therapeutische und pädagogische Einsatzfelder. Es wird prognostiziert, dass empathische Maschinen verstärkt in die Alltagswelt von Nutzern einziehen werden. Besonders deutlich zeichnet sich dies bereits jetzt im Bereich der Pflege ab. Auf die Bedeutung ethischer, rechtlicher und sozialer Gesichtspunkte bei der Entwicklung solcher Maschinen wird hingewiesen.
Keywords: emotional & Roboter, Social robotic -
(2015) : Cultural Intelligence and Competencies In: Wright, James D.: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition): Oxford: Elsevier, S. 433-439
Abstract: With the continuing globalization of the workplace, it is critical to understand why some people excel in intercultural contexts whereas others do not. Cultural intelligence is a person's capability to function effectively in intercultural contexts. In this article, we take stock of the growing stream of research on cultural intelligence. In particular, we review the conceptualization, measurement, and empirical evidence for the nomological network of cultural intelligence. We conclude with an eye toward the future and suggest several exciting research directions to further advance our understanding of cultural intelligence.
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(2015): Work, recognition and subjectivity. In: European Journal of Social Theory 19 (3), S. 340-354. DOI: 10.1177/1368431015594443
Abstract: Recently, following the social and subjective consequences of the neoliberal wave, there seems to be a renewed interest in work as occupying a central place in social and subjective life. For the first time in decades, both sociologists and critical theorists once more again regard work as a major constituent of the subject's identity and thus as an appropriate object of analysis for those engaged in critique of the social pathologies. The aim of this article is to present a succinct analysis of Axel Honneth's thoughts on the concept of work and to propose an approach granting it a more substantial role in social theory. To this end, this article will embark upon a reappraisal of the importance of the material and psychological dimensions of the subject's interactions in the world of work. It aims to demonstrate that the normative demands associated with these dimensions are, like the normative demands of recognition, immanent and universal. In other words, it will argue that the normative ideals related to individuals' bodily and psychic life (in the workplace and beyond) are not necessarily utopian in the negative sense (abstract and unrealistic). If this is indeed the case, theorists could take these normative demands for emancipation as a guide to analyzing the sociological, political and moral implications of the transition from the Fordist' to the post-Fordist' organization of labor.
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Annual IEEE Computer Conference; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; Ro-Man (2015): 2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). Aug. 31, 2015 - Sept. 4, 2015, Kobe, Japan. 2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). Kobe, Japan, 8/31/2015 - 9/4/2015. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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(2015): Evaluating the engagement with social robots. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 7 (4), S. 465-478. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-015-0298-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-015-0298-7 Abstract: To interact and cooperate with humans in their daily-life activities, robots should exhibit human-like 'intelligence'. This skill will substantially emerge from the interconnection of all the algorithms used to ensure cognitive and interaction capabilities. While new robotics technologies allow us to extend such abilities, their evaluation for social interaction is still challenging. The quality of a human–robot interaction can not be reduced to the evaluation of the employed algorithms: we should integrate the engagement information that naturally arises during interaction in response to the robot’s behaviors. In this paper we want to show a practical approach to evaluate the engagement aroused during interactions between humans and social robots. We will introduce a set of metrics useful in direct, face to face scenarios, based on the behaviors analysis of the human partners. We will show how such metrics are useful to assess how the robot is perceived by humans and how this perception changes according to the behaviors shown by the social robot. We discuss experimental results obtained in two human-interaction studies, with the robots Nao and iCub respectively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2015): Call centre interaction. A case of sanctioned face attack?. In: Journal of Pragmatics 76, S. 46-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2014.11.009
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate a sub-corpus of call centre interactions building on and extending the work of Jagodzinski (2013) and Archer (2008,2011a,b). Our aim is to show (i) how the institution's tacit acceptance of impoliteness and verbal aggression, on the part of callers, can lead to a form of institutional sanctioning, (ii) how the sting of impoliteness/verbal aggression is neutralised for some agents, in the course of conflictive customer service interactions - but not all, and (iii) possible reasons for this (non)-neutralisation. Our goal is to provide real-life evidence of: how impoliteness and/or verbal aggression are performed in the call centre, the extent to which they are mutually related, and how they link with the notion of instrumentality. In this way we present our own understanding of concepts which, although they have been used in im/politeness research for some time, are still relatively under-researched in real-world contexts such as the call centre.
Keywords: time -
ARCS (2015): ARCS 2015 - The 28th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems. Proceedings. Berlin: Axel Springer SE
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(2015) : Civilized collaboration: Ethical architectures for enforcing legal requirements and mediating social norms in HRI: 2015 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS): Atlanta, Georgia, USA: IEEE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CTS.2015.7210394 Abstract: The ways in which we treat each other, typically underpinned by an ethical theory, serve as a foundation for civilized activity. Bounds and requirements are established for normal and acceptable interactions between humans. If we are to create robotic systems to reside among us, they must also adhere to a set of related values that humans operate under. This talk first describes the importance of such conventions in human-robot interaction, then outlines a way forward including the difficult research questions remaining to be confronted in ethical human robot interaction (HRI). In particular, examples involving architectures using ethical governors, moral emotions, responsibility advisors and theories of mind are described in two quite different contexts: warfare [1,2] and the maintenance of human dignity in healthcare [3-5]. Even the role of deception must be considered as an important adjunct to HRI, as it may yield more effective intentional and autonomous social robots if properly deployed [6-7]. Finally, we can consider how robots may eventually be able to engineer more socially just human beings via nudging and the ethical questions associated with using such devices [8].
Keywords: autonomous social robots, civilized activity, civilized collaboration, Computer architecture, Context, ethical architectures, ethical aspects, ethical governors, ethical human robot interaction, Ethical Theory, Ethics, HRI, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, legal requirements, Medical services, Moral & Ethik, Moral emotions, responsibility advisors, robotic systems, Robots, service robot, Social Norms -
(2015): Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology. Cambridge, Massachusetts; USA: The MIT Press
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. Association for the Advancement of Affective Computing; IEEE Computer Society; International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction; Acii (2015): 2015 International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII 2015). Xi'an, China, 21 - 24 September 2015. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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(2015): The role of functional affordances in socializing robots. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 7 (4), S. 421-438. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-015-0281-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-015-0281-3 Abstract: Just as humans behave according to the social norms of their groups, autonomous systems that become part of these groups also need to behave in socially-expected and accepted ways. For humans these social norms are learned through interaction with members of the group. In this work, we propose that the functional affordances of objects, what objects are meant to be used for, provide us with a starting point for the socialization of such agents. We model these functional affordances in description logics and show how this enables the socially-expected human behavior of substituting objects as needed to achieve a goal. In addition, we propose to combine these affordances with conceptual similarity and proximity in order to make more complex substitutions, which are socially acceptable in their given context. Finally, we describe how their use would allow the agent to take advantage of opportunities and how they are modified and extended through interaction with humans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2015): Transcendence in Technology in advance. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology, S. 291-313. DOI: 10.5840/techne2015121742
Abstract: According to Max Weber, the “fate of our times” is characterized by a “disenchantment of the world.” The scientific ambition of rationalization and intellectualization, as well as the attempt to master nature through technology, will greatly limit experiences of and openness for the transcendent, i.e. that which is beyond our control. Insofar as transcendence is a central aspect of virtually every religion and all religious experiences, the development of science and technology will, according to the Weberian assertion, also limit the scope of religion. In this paper, we will reflect on the relations between technology and transcendence from the perspective of technological mediation theory. We will show that the fact that we are able to technologically intervene in the world and ourselves does not imply that we can completely control the rules of life. Technological interference in nature is only possible if the structures and laws that enable us to do that are recognized and to a certain extent obeyed, which indicates that technological power cannot exist without accepting a transcendent order in which one operates. Rather than excluding transcendence, technology mediates our relation to it.
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(2015): "Our" food versus "my" food. Investigating the relation between childhood shared food practices and adult prosocial behavior in Belgium. In: Appetite 84, S. 54-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.022
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265154 Abstract: This study focuses on the connection between prosocial behavior, defined as acting in ways that benefit others, and shared meals, defined as meals that consist of food(s) shared with others. In contrast to individual meals, where consumers eat their own food and perhaps take a sample of someone else's dish as a taste, shared meals are essentially about sharing all the food with all individuals. Consequently, these meals create situations where consumers are confronted with issues of fairness and respect. One should not be greedy and consume most of a dish; instead, rules of polite food sharing need to be obeyed. It is therefore proposed that those who have often engaged in shared meals during childhood will have a more prosocial personality, as compared to those who less often took part in shared meals during childhood. To test this hypothesis, data about frequency of shared meals during childhood and altruistic personality in early adulthood were collected using a cross-sectional survey in Belgium (n = 487). Results confirm that higher levels of shared meal consumption correspond to higher scores on the self-report altruism scale among students.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Altruism, Belgium, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Eating, Einfluss von ästhetischer Vorprägung/Erziehung, Entwicklungspsychologie, Erwartungen, Fairness, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Meals, Nahrungswissenschaft?, Personality, Self Report, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vergangenheit / Erziehung, Young Adult -
(2015): Political science. Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. In: Science (New York, N.Y.) 348 (6239), S. 1130-1132. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1160
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25953820 Abstract: Exposure to news, opinion, and civic information increasingly occurs through social media. How do these online networks influence exposure to perspectives that cut across ideological lines? Using deidentified data, we examined how 10.1 million U.S. Facebook users interact with socially shared news. We directly measured ideological homophily in friend networks and examined the extent to which heterogeneous friends could potentially expose individuals to cross-cutting content. We then quantified the extent to which individuals encounter comparatively more or less diverse content while interacting via Facebook's algorithmically ranked News Feed and further studied users' choices to click through to ideologically discordant content. Compared with algorithmic ranking, individuals' choices played a stronger role in limiting exposure to cross-cutting content.
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(2015) : "Social Cognitive Theory" In: Donsbach, Wolfgang: The International Encyclopedia of Communication: Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, S. 4654-4658
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(2015): Soziales Verständnis. Theoretische Grundlagen, Konstruktion und Validierung zweier Testaufgaben zum Kernkonstrukt der sozialen Intelligenz. punkt um FILM, Magdeburg.
Abstract: Zwei multimediabasierte Testaufgaben zur Messung von sozialem Verständnis im Rahmen des integrativen Modells der sozialen Intelligenz von S. Weis und H.-M. Süß werden entwickelt und ihre Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität wird überprüft. Zudem wurde die Abhängigkeit der Befunde von den angewandten Scoring-Methoden betrachtet. Insgesamt wurden drei Studien durchgeführt. Im Fokus der ersten Untersuchung (N = 155) standen die psychometrischen Eigenschaften der beiden neukonstruierten Szenarien "Katrin" und "Daniel", ihre faktoranalytische Passung in den Untertest zum sozialen Verständnis des "Magdeburger Test zur Sozialen Intelligenz" (MTSI) sowie die Einbettung in das Netzwerk anderer Konstrukte. Auf der Grundlage einer Itemanalyse der Daten der ersten Studie wurden schwache Items aus den beiden Szenarien entfernt. Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften der gekürzten Versionen wurden in der zweiten Studie (N = 103) ermittelt. Zudem wurde untersucht, ob Selbstberichtsverfahren geeignet sind, soziales Verständnis akkurat zu erfassen und ob die Variable Geschlecht die Genauigkeit der Selbsteinschätzung moderiert. Hierzu wurde ein Selbstberichtsfragebogen zum sozialen Verständnis (SSV) entwickelt, der eng an die Anforderungen der Testaufgaben zum sozialen Verständnis des MTSI angelehnt wurde. Das Selbstberichtsinventar SSV wurde zusammen mit weiteren Selbstberichtsfragebogen vor der Bearbeitung der Szenarien vorgegeben. Nach der Bearbeitung der Neukonstruktionen wurden die Probanden gebeten, den SSV erneut zu beantworten. Aufgrund der Selbsterfahrung im Leistungstest sollte die Einschätzung der eigenen sozialen Fähigkeiten realistischer werden, sodass systematische Zusammenhänge zwischen den Szenarien und dem Selbstberichtsfragebogen zum sozialen Verständnis erwartet wurden. Ziel der dritten Untersuchung (N = 43) war eine erste Kriteriumsvalidierung der neuen Testaufgaben. Für die neuen Testaufgaben zum sozialen Verständnis des MTSI konnten gute psychometrische Eigenschaften und erste Hinweise auf Konstruktvalidität aufgezeigt werden. Zudem unterstützen die durchgeführten Untersuchungen die präferierte Verwendung von "Target Scoring" im Vergleich zu "Group Consensus Scoring".
Keywords: Empathie, Empathy, Humanwissenschaften, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Personality Scales & Inventories, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, Persönlichkeitstests, Role Taking, Rollenübernahme, Scoring (Testing), Social Perception, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Wahrnehmung, Test Validity, Testvalidität, Testwertvergabe, theory of mind -
(2015): The cue is the key. The relevance of cues and contextual information in the social understanding tasks of the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence. In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment 31 (1), S. 38-44. DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000204
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000204 Abstract: In contrast to former tests, the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence measures social understanding with a scenario approach. Each scenario is based on one real target person and includes both social cues and contextual information about this person in different realistic situations. The subjects' task is to understand the given social cues and to judge the target persons' cognitions, emotions, and relationships to other people. However, subjects can potentially use only contextual information instead of social cues or base their judgments equally on both. The present study was aimed at examining the relative contribution of social cues and contextual information. In an experiment (N = 126), the following conditions were manipulated: Participants were given (1) only social cues, (2) only contextual information, or (3) both components. Results showed that social cues played a more important role in this social understanding task than the contextual information.
Keywords: Contextual Associations, Cues, empirical examination, Hinweisreize, importance of social cues & contextual information, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Kontextgebundene Assoziationen, Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI-2), MTSI, only social cues vs only contextual information vs social cues plus contextual information, Personality Measures, Personality Scales & Inventories, Persönlichkeitstests, scenario approach during testing, Social Behavior, social psychology, Soziale Intelligenz, soziales Verhalten, Sozialpsychologie, Test Construction, Testkonstruktion, Tests & Testing, Tests und Testen -
(2015): Personen mit Demenz und robotische Assistenzsysteme. Ethnographische Erkundungen zu Randakteuren der Pflege. In: Pflege & Gesellschaft 20 (1), S. 20-36
Abstract: Obwohl die Pflege und Betreuung von Personen mit Demenz einen enormen Stellenwert in der gesellschaftlichen und (pflege-)wissenschaftlichen Diskussion einnimmt, haben wir es dennoch mit einer vielschichtigen Marginalisierung des Demenzphänomens zu tun. Robotische Akteure sind in pflegewissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zur Versorgung und Betreuung von Menschen mit Demenz noch kaum präsent. Das Projekt EmoRobot beschäftigt sich mit der Erkundung des Einsatzes robotischer Assistenzsysteme als Unterstützung in der emotionsorientierten Pflege und Betreuung von Personen mit Demenz in unterschiedlichen Demenzphasen. Ziel ist zu eruieren, ob und wie Personen mit Demenz robotische Assistenzsysteme, die (auch) Emotionen s(t)imulieren, wahrnehmen. Das multidisziplinäre Projekt ist als „interpretative Studie“ angelegt und rekurriert auf eine methodenplural arbeitende Ethnografie. Ziel der vorliegenden Schrift ist es, das in der pflegewissenschaftlichen Forschung noch wenig beschriebene, unkonventionelle methodische Vorgehen anwendungsbezogen vorzustellen und erste heuristische Annah- men der noch laufenden Studie zu präsentieren.
Keywords: Pflegewissenschaften, Unterstützung -
(2015): The effects of culture and context on perceptions of robotic facial expressions. In: Interaction Studies: Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems 16 (2), S. 272-302. DOI: 10.1075/is.16.2.11ben
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/is.16.2.11ben Abstract: We report two experimental studies of human perceptions of robotic facial expressions while systematically varying context effects and the cultural background of subjects (n = 93). Except for Fear, East Asian and Western subjects were not significantly different in recognition rates, and, while Westerners were better at judging affect from mouth movement alone, East Asians were not any better at judging affect based on eye/brow movement alone. Moreover, context effects appeared capable of over-riding such cultural differences, most notably for Fear. The results seem to run counter to previous theories of cultural differences in facial expression based on emoticons and eye fixation patterns. We connect this to broader research in cognitive science – suggesting the findings support a dynamical systems view of social cognition as an emergent phenomenon. The results here suggest that, if we can induce appropriate context effects, it may be possible to create culture-neutral models of robots and affective interaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2015): Measuring social complexity. In: Animal Behaviour 103, S. 203-209. DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.02.018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.02.018 Abstract: In one of the first formulations of the social complexity hypothesis, Humphrey (1976, page 316, Growing Points in Ethology, Cambridge University Press) predicts ‘that there should be a positive correlation across species between social complexity and individual intelligence’. However, in the many ensuing tests of the hypothesis, surprisingly little consideration has been given to measures of the independent variable in this evolutionary relationship, that is, social complexity. Here, we seek to encourage more rigorous measures of social complexity. We first review previous definitions of this variable and point to two common flaws; a lack of objectivity and a failure to directly connect sociality to the use of cognition. We argue that, rather than creating circularity, including cognition in the definition of social complexity is necessary for accurately testing the social complexity hypothesis. We propose a new definition of social complexity that is based on the number of differentiated relationships that individuals have. We then demonstrate that the definition is both broadly applicable and flexible, allowing researchers to include more detailed information about the degree of differentiation among individuals when the data are available. While we see this definition of social complexity as one possible way forward, our larger goal is to encourage researchers examining the social complexity hypothesis to carefully consider their measurement of social complexity.
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(2015): Has the World Changed?. My Neighbor Might Know: Effects of Social Context on Routine Deviation. In: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 28 (1), S. 50-66. DOI: 10.1002/bdm.1828
Abstract: Investigated the effects of social context on deviations from routines. 94 students (mean age 21 years) were asked to repeatedly choose among four gambles that were represented by four decks of cards. After the routine acquisition phase, unbeknownst to the participants, the underlying payoff structure of the game was altered so that the routine choice no longer yielded a profit. In addition, a confederate served as a behavioral model who made the normative choice most of the time in the acquisition phase, the test phase, in both phases, or in no phase at all (baseline). Results showed that participants were influenced by prior success of a routine; however, they were not immune to new counterevidence. The new evidence had to compensate prior knowledge before individuals decided to abandon their routine. Participants were most likely to adapt if the confederate served as a behavioral model in both the acquisition and test phases. It is concluded that participants could detect a lasting change in the environment and trustworthy behavioral models helped participants overcome a previously adaptive routine. zitiert von 5
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(2015): Simulation and the We-Mode. A Cognitive Account of Plural First Persons. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 45 (4-5), S. 442-461. DOI: 10.1177/0048393115580267
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0048393115580267 Abstract: In this article, I argue that a capacity for mindreading conceived along the line of simulation theory provides the cognitive basis for forming we-centric representations of actions and goals. This explains the plural first personal stance displayed by we-intentions in terms of the underlying cognitive processes performed by individual minds, while preserving the idea that they cannot be analyzed in terms of individual intentional states. The implication for social ontology is that this makes sense of the plural subjectivity of joint actions without making group agents require either a corporate body or the unity of consciousness.
Keywords: Anerkennung und kollektive Intentionalität, collective intentionality, collectivity-oriented vs. individual-oriented politeness, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Intentionalität, JOINT ACTION, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, kollektive Intentionalität, mindreading, philosophy of the social sciences, plural subjects, social ontology, Social Ontology, soziale Ontologie, Soziale Angemessenheit, soziale Kognition, (Theory of mind), We-Mode Approach -
(2015) : Of Robots, Humans, Bodies and Intelligence: Body Languages for Human Robot Interaction: 2015 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Portland, Oregon, USA: Association for Computing Machinery
Abstract: Modern approaches to the design of robots with increasing amounts of embodied intelligence affect human-robot interaction paradigms. The physical structure of robots is evolving from traditional rigid, heavy industrial machines into soft bodies exhibiting new levels of versatility, adaptability, safety, elasticity, dynamism and energy efficiency. New challenges and opportunities arise for the control of soft robots: for instance, carefully planning for collision avoidance may no longer be a dominating concern, being on the contrary physical interaction with the environment not only allowed, but even desirable to solve complex tasks. To address these challenges, it is often useful to look at how humans use their own bodies in similar tasks, and even in some cases have a direct dialogue between the natural and artificial counterparts. ACM Classification B.0 General.
Keywords: body languages, Body-Robot Interaction, Collision avoidance, contrary physical interaction, Dexterous Manipulation, embodied intelligence, Grasp Control, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Impedance Control, Künstliche Intelligenz, Physical Human-Robot Interaction, physical structure, safety, service robot, soft bodies, Soft robotics, soft robots, Task Analysis -
(2015): Determining the effects of technological tool use habits on social lives. In: Computers in Human Behavior 48, S. 457-462. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.012
Abstract: Differences have arisen between newly developed technology and the consequently changing generation’s integration of this technology into their social lives. In this study, research has been undertaken on students who use many different kinds of technological devices all together and their effects on their social lives. Also, students’ habits of technological device use, social media, educational life and communication types are discussed in this study. The general scanning model was used in the study in order to determine the effects of students’ technological device use on their social lives. These students are studying in educational departments at universities. The method determined was applied to the sampling group of the research. The questionnaire was determined in accordance with the method and was applied to all the educational faculties of universities during the scanning process. A total of 2334 students participated to the research. When the research findings were analysed in terms of friend choice, the students preferred communicating with people who use technology of the same quality as themselves. Also, the students claimed that they went through some problems with their families and friends as a result of intense technology use. It is obvious that students who spend more time on technological devices are more behind in their lessons and also have some inconveniences in their social lives. For instance; even when they go to the cinema they surf the Internet on their smart phones and while choosing a place to go they prefer places with a Wi–Fi connection. It has been observed that students can express themselves more easily in the Internet environment and they prefer places that are popular on the Internet. zitiert von 18
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(2015): Variational pragmatics and responding to thanks – revisited. In: Multilingua 34 (4), S. 527-546. DOI: 10.1515/multi-2014-0106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2014-0106 Abstract: In 2005, Klaus P. Schneider published a fascinating article with the title “‘No problem, you’re welcome, anytime’: Responding to thanks in Ireland, England, and the U.S.A.”. Adopting the then emerging and now established framework of variational pragmatics, Schneider’s pioneering paper presents the results of a study on differences between responses to thanks across different varieties of English using experimental discourse completion tasks (DCTs). The paper at hand revisits this cross-varietal analysis and presents the results of an empirical investigation of this same speech act based on natural data collected with the help of Labovian-style fieldwork methodology common in variationist sociolinguistics. The results reveal fundamental differences between the two data types and underline the fact that these different datasets address different research questions. The findings also highlight the existence of regional variation in the use of this speech act in spontaneous real-life interaction. Finally, the paper also puts forward the term imbalance reducer after thanks (IRAT) as a more appropriate term for the speech act of responding to thanks.
Keywords: Danksagung, Disziplin, Höflichkeit, IRAT, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturelle Normen, Kultursensibilität, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, Pragmatics, Pragmatik, Real-Life Interaction, Regionale Varianz, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziolinguistik, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechakt, Thanks