Alle Publikationen
1998
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(1998) : Soziale Intelligenz In: Roth, Erwin: Intelligenz. Grundlagen und neuere Forschung: Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, S. 216-244
Abstract: Nach Darstellung der Tatsache, dass ein klar abgegrenztes wissenschaftliches Konzept von Sozialer Intelligenz in der gängigen psychologischen Literatur kaum zu finden ist und dass es keine einheitliche Vorstellung vom Gegenstand "Sozialer Intelligenz" gibt, werden folgende Themenbereiche erörtert: (1) Versuch einer Abgrenzung von Intelligenz und Sozialer Intelligenz, (2) relevante Aspekte bei der Konzeptbildung der Sozialen Intelligenz (Alltagsverständnis, Handlungsbezogenheit, Komplexität, Wissensbezogenheit, Mehrdimensionalität, Transaktionalität, Kommunikations- und Interaktionsorientierung sowie Entwicklung von Sozialer Intelligenz), (3) benachbarte Konzepte und verwandte Begriffe (Weisheit, soziale Kompetenz, emotionale und personale Intelligenz, Durchsetzungsfähigkeit und Machiavellismus), (4) Möglichkeiten zur Messung Sozialer Intelligenz. Abschließend werden wesentliche Aspekte der Betrachtung von Sozialer Intelligenz als Konzept oder Konstrukt bzw. als Gegenstand diagnostischen Interesses diskutiert.
Keywords: differentiation from general intelligence & parameters of social intelligence & related terms & measurement, Emotionen, Emotions, conceptualization of social intelligence, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Interpersonal Interaction, Interpersonale Interaktion, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, Psychological Assessment, Psychologische Messung, Social Behavior, Social Perception & Cognition, Social Skills, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Wahrnehmung und soziale Kognition, soziales Verhalten -
(1998): Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Hamburg: Meiner (Philosophische Bibliothek). Online verfügbar unter http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=497958
Abstract: Hauptbeschreibung: Die von Jens Timmermann besorgte Neuausgabe innerhalb der Philosophischen Bibliothek bietet den vollständigen Wortlaut der beiden Originalausgaben von 1781 und 1787. Der Kantische Text wurde unter Wahrung der Interpunktion und sprachlicher Eigenheiten sehr behutsam an die heutigen orthographischen Regeln angeglichen. Die semantisch bedeutenden Korrekturvorschläge späterer Herausgeber (nicht nur der Akademie-Ausgabe) sind, wo sie nicht in den Text Aufnahme gefunden haben, am Fuß der Seite verzeichnet. Alle wesentlichen Unterschiede zwischen den Originalausgaben sind durch Kursi
Keywords: Philosophie -
(1998): BLOCKO Version VI
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(1998): SOREMO Version V.2
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(1998): Erinnerung von Wirklichkeiten. Psychoanalyse und Neurowissenschaften im Dialog. Stuttgart: Verl. Internat. Psychoanalyse
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(1998): The Idea of Community, an Ethical Exploration, Part II: Community as a System of Social and Moral Interrelationships. In: The Journal of Value Inquiry 32 (32), S. 153-174
Abstract: Part I of this essay opened with some methodological remarks about ethics and the idea of community. It then critically examined contemporary discussions of community that tie it to political objectives, generally treating it as an instrumental good. In their stead, a grass-roots approach is proposed focusing on groups where there are multiple mutual supporting moral relationships between individuals, and equality is a leading feature. Collectivism was dissected and dismissed as a futile and mischievous attempt to provide a bridge linking unity, continuity, and identity to the idea of commu
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Merker, Barbara (1998): Angemessenheit. Zur Rehabilitierung einer philosophischen Metapher. Allgemeine Gesellschaft für Philosophie in Deutschland; Tagung des Engeren Kreises der Allgemeinen Gesellschaft für Philosophie in Deutschland. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann
Keywords: Angemessenheit, Philosophie -
Metze, Regina; Mühler, Kurt; Opp, Karl-Dieter (Hg.) (1998): Der Transformationsprozess. Leipzig: Universitätsverlag
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(1998): Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring. In: Nature 393 (6685), S. 573-577. DOI: 10.1038/31225
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634232 Abstract: Darwinian evolution has to provide an explanation for cooperative behaviour. Theories of cooperation are based on kin selection (dependent on genetic relatedness), group selection and reciprocal altruism. The idea of reciprocal altruism usually involves direct reciprocity: repeated encounters between the same individuals allow for the return of an altruistic act by the recipient. Here we present a new theoretical framework, which is based on indirect reciprocity and does not require the same two individuals ever to meet again. Individual selection can nevertheless favour cooperative strategies directed towards recipients that have helped others in the past. Cooperation pays because it confers the image of a valuable community member to the cooperating individual. We present computer simulations and analytic models that specify the conditions required for evolutionary stability of indirect reciprocity. We show that the probability of knowing the 'image' of the recipient must exceed the cost-to-benefit ratio of the altruistic act. We propose that the emergence of indirect reciprocity was a decisive step for the evolution of human societies.
Keywords: Altruism, Biological Evolution, Computer Simulation, Cooperative Behavior, Evolutionsbiologie, Good manners, Helping Behavior, Humans, Indirect reciprocity model, Indirekte Reziprozität, Interaktion, Kooperation, Mutation, Reziprozität, Selection, Genetic, Soziale Angemessenheit, Spieltheorie -
(1998) : Zum Verständnis von Moral - Entwicklungen in der Kindheit In: Weinert, Franz E.: Entwicklung im Kindesalter: Weinheim: Beltz Psychologie-Verl.-Union, S. 133-152
Abstract: Ausgewählte Ergebnisse aus der LOGIK-(Longitudinalstudie zur Genese individueller Kompetenzen-)Studie werden vorgestellt, die sich auf die Entwicklung des Verständnisses von Moral bei Kindern im Alter von vier bis zwölf Jahren beziehen. Dabei wurden das Wissen über moralische Normen und moralische Motivationen mit Hilfe von Bildergeschichten erhoben, die den Kindern vorgelegt wurden. In diesen Bildergeschichten befand sich der Held in einem moralischen Konflikt. Es ergaben sich Hinweise darauf, dass die moralische Entwicklung als zweistufiger Lernprozess zu begreifen ist. Dabei erwerben die Kinder universell schon sehr früh ein Wissen um einfache moralische Normen und verstehen ihre kategorische Gültigkeit. Moralische Motivation wird hingegen erst in einem zweiten Lernprozess aufgebaut, den die Kinder unterschiedlich schnell und unterschiedlich erfolgreich durchlaufen. zitiert von: 72
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(1998) : Entwicklung sozial-kommunikativer Kompetenzen In: Zollinger, Barbara: Kinder im Vorschulalter. Erkenntnisse, Beobachtungen und Ideen zur Welt der Drei- bis Siebenjährigen.: Bern, Schweiz: Haupt Verlag AG
Abstract: Es wird im Uberblick und unter Heranziehung von ausgewahlten Ergebnissen aus einem eigenen Pilotprojekt informiert uber die Entwicklung sozial-kommunikativer Kompetenzen im Vorschulalter. Dabei wird auf die folgenden Aspekte eingegangen: (1) sprachliche Kommunikation im Vorschulalter, (2) sozial-kognitive Entwicklungsschritte (Egozentrismus und soziale Perspektivenubernahme, Entstehung von Freundschaften, Entwicklung empathischer Verhaltensweisen), (3) soziale Kommunikation im Rollenspiel (Merkmale und Funktion des Rollenspiels, Skripts, Gestaltung der Kommunikation, Metakommunikation, Rollensprache, Sprachverstandnis im Rollenspiel). zitiert von 26
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(1998): From control to values-based management and accountability. In: Journal of Business Ethics 17 (13), S. 1379-1394. DOI: 10.1023/A:1006079110633
Abstract: In recent years a series of developments in apparently loosely coupled domains have contributed to the development of new and vital perspectives on how to manage complex social systems such as corporations. These developments include improved communications technologies, increased awareness by constituencies of their potentials for influencing corporate behaviour, increased complexity and reduced transparency in large, heterogeneous organisations, a corresponding reduction in the capacity of traditional accounting and reporting systems to reflect organisational performance, new demands from employees as to their work environments, from customers as to ecological and ethical sensitivity, from civil society and governments as to social and environmental accountability etc. A result is a major shift in the way organisations are choosing to observe themselves and to describe, measure, evaluate and report on their performance. From a focus on efficiency and control to a values-based perspective on management, corporate identity and success. And from a focus on legal compliance and financial performance to a focus on corporate social and ethical responsibility and accountability. The introduction provides a background for this transformation while the body of the paper motivates the on-going shift from control to values-based management. The article concludes with reflections on corporate accountability and the emerging practices of social and ethical accounting, auditing and reporting.
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(1998): Belastung und Beanspruchung. Streß, Ermüdung und Burnout im Arbeitsleben. Heidelberg: Asanger
Abstract: Europäische Bestrebungen, den Arbeitsschutz auf psychische Belastungen und Beanspruchungen zu erweitern, machen die besondere Aktualität dieses Lehrbuchs aus. Es wendet sich nicht nur an Studierende, sondern insbesondere auch an Technische Aufsichtspersonen und Fachkräfte für Arbeitssicherheit in der Weiterbildung. Aus dem Inhalt: • Psychische Beanspruchung als Kriterium der psychologischen Arbeitsbewertung • Stressoren und Ressourcen • Differentialdiagnostik psychischer Fehlbeanspruchungen • Psychische Ermüdung • Monotoniezustand • Streß und Burnout – spezifische Folgen dialogischer Arbeit • Methoden der Anforderungs-Beanspruchungsanalyse unter Feldbedingungen • Methodisches Vorgehen der Beanspruchungsuntersuchung
Keywords: Arbeit, Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsbewertung, Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsplatz, Arbeitsplatz / Psychische Belastung, Arbeitspsychologie, Arbeitssicherheit, Arbeitssoziologie, Arbeitswelt, Belastung, Beruf, Berufstätigkeit, Betriebssoziologie, Burnout, Burnout-Syndrom, Burn-out-Syndrom, Ermüdung, Lehrbuch, Monotonie, Psychische Belastung, Stress, Streß -
Roth, Erwin (1998): Intelligenz. Grundlagen und neuere Forschung. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer
Keywords: Sonstiges -
(1998): The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. In: Personal Relationships 5 (4), S. 357-391. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x Abstract: Three studies with undergraduates evaluated the reliability and validity of the Investment Model Scale (IMS), an instrument designed to measure 4 constructs, i.e., commitment level and 3 bases of dependence: satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. In all 3 studies, reliability analyses revealed good internal consistency among items designed to measure each construct. Also, principal components analyses performed on scale items revealed evidence of 4 factors, with items designed to measure each construct loading on independent factors. Studies 2 and 3 examined associations of model variables with instruments measuring diverse qualities of relationships and assorted personal dispositions. As anticipated, Investment Model variables were moderately associated with other measures reflecting superior couple functioning, and were essentially unrelated to measures assessing personal dispositions. In addition, Study 3 demonstrated that earlier measures of Investment Model variables predicted later levels of dyadic adjustment and later relationship status. The authors hope that the existence of a reliable and valid IMS will promote further research regarding commitment and interdependence in ongoing close relationships. The IMS facet and global items are appended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(1998): The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. In: Psychological Bulletin 124 (2), S. 262-274. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.262
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(1998): Cohesion and Respect: An Examination of Group Decision Making in Social and Escalation Dilemmas. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 34 (3), S. 289-311. DOI: 10.1006/jesp.1998.1351
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1998.1351 Abstract: Our experiment analyzes situations in which a group engages in two dilemmas, a social dilemma and an escalation dilemma, in one of two orders. Some of the groups were composed of long-time friends (high cohesion); other groups were composed of unacquainted individuals (low cohesion). Further, some were accorded high respect from relevant authorities; in contrast, others were not treated with respect. Groups of friends were more likely to cooperate by contributing to a greater degree in the social dilemma task than were groups of nonfriends. Groups high in cohesion but low in respect were more likely to escalate their commitment to a losing course of action in an escalation dilemma compared to other groups. There appear to be two distinct types of group identity: one based on cohesion and the other based on respect. Cohesion-based identity remained high and relatively constant across the two tasks among groups of friends, but declined over time among groups of nonfriends. Both cohesion-based identity and respect-based identity dropped precipitously following social dilemma tasks, but increased consistently following escalation dilemmas.
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(1998) : Vertrauen in modernen Gesellschaften In: Metze, Regina; Mühler, Kurt; Opp, Karl-Dieter (Hg.): Der Transformationsprozess: Leipzig: Universitätsverlag, S. 91-129Keywords: Vertrauen
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Waldenfels, Bernhard (1998): Der Anspruch des Anderen. Perspektiven phänomenologischer Ethik. München: Fink (Übergänge). Online verfügbar unter http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00042842-7
Keywords: Ethik, Phänomenologie -
Weinert, Franz E. (1998): Entwicklung im Kindesalter. Weinheim: Beltz Psychologie-Verl.-Union
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(1998): Simultaneity and Bivalency as Strategies in Bilingualism. In: Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 8 (1), S. 3-29. DOI: 10.1525/jlin.1998.8.1.3
Abstract: Influenced by the work of Bakhtin, a sociolinguistics has begun to take shape in recent years that takes multiplicity, hybridity, and simultaneity as key concepts. Such a sociolinguistics should place bi‐ and multilingual speakers and communities at its center, rather than in their traditional place at the margins. Within the frame of a Bakhtinian concept of simultaneity in language, this article reconsiders translingual phenomena of codeswitching and so‐called interference, and brings into focus a relatively understudied third form, here called bivalency. It further considers the ambivalent and simultaneous messages that are communicated in linguistic contact zones, and speakers' simultaneous claims to more than one social identity. There can be analytical advantage in comparing the frequencies, functions, and relationships of these different forms of simultaneity in different political economies of language contact.
Keywords: Design -
(1998): Individual strategy and social structure. An evolutionary theory of institutions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
Abstract: Neoclassical economics as-sumes that people are highly rational and can reason their way through even the most complex economic problems. In Individual Strategy and Social Structure, Peyton Young argues for a more realistic view in which people have a limited understanding of their environment, are sometimes short-sighted, and occasionally act in perverse ways. He shows how the cumulative experiences of many such individuals coalesce over time into customs, norms, and institutions that govern economic and social life. He develops a theory that predicts how such institutions evolve and characterizes their welfare properties. The ideas are illustrated through a variety of examples, including patterns of residential segregation, rules of the road, claims on property, forms of economic contracts, and norms of equity. The book relies on new results in evolutionary game theory and stochastic dynamical systems theory, many of them originated by the author. It can serve as an introductory text, or be read on its own as a contribution to the study of economic and social institutions.
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Zollinger, Barbara (1998): Kinder im Vorschulalter. Erkenntnisse, Beobachtungen und Ideen zur Welt der Drei- bis Siebenjährigen.. Bern, Schweiz: Haupt Verlag AG
1997
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IEEE Colloquium on Advances in Interactive Voice Technologies for Telecommunication Services (1997). IEEE Colloquium on Advances in Interactive Voice Technologies for Telecommunication Services. London, UK, 12 June 1997. London, United Kingdom: IET
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Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings (1997). Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings. Halifax, NS, Canada: IEEE
