Alle Publikationen
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2019
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(2019) : Good Robot Design or Machiavellian? An In-the-Wild Robot Leveraging Minimal Knowledge of Passersby’s Culture: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 382-391
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673326 Abstract: Social robots are being designed to use human-like communication techniques, including body language, social signals, and empathy, to work effectively with people. Just as between people, some robots learn about people and adapt to them. In this paper we present one such robot design: we developed Sam, a robot that learns minimal information about a person’s background, and adapts to this background. Our in-the-wild study found that people helped Sam for significantly longer when it adapted to match their background. While initially we saw this as a success, in re-considering our study we started seeing a different angle. Our robot effectively deceived people (changed its story and text), based on some knowledge of their background, to get more work from them. There was little direct benefit to the person from this adaptation, yet the robot stood to gain free labor. We would like to pose the question to the community: is this simply good robot design, or, is our robot being manipulative? Where does the ethical line lay between a robot leveraging social techniques to improve interaction, and the more negative framing of a robot or algorithm taking advantage of people? How can we decide what is good here, and what is less desirable?
Keywords: Body language, Cultural differences, Culture, Ethics, Global communication, human-like communication techniques, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, in the wild, in-the-wild robot, learning (artificial intelligence), minimal information, Mobile robots, Mood, Moral & Ethik, passersby culture, Persuasive Robots, robot design, Robots, Sam, Shape, social robots, Social signals, social techniques, Task Analysis 2017
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(2017) : Cross-cultural differences for adaptive strategies of robots in public spaces: 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): Lisbon, Portugal: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 573-578
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2017.8172360 Abstract: Robots deployed in public spaces must necessarily deal with situations that demand them to engage humans in a socially and culturally appropriate manner. However, social environments are often complex and ambiguous: many queries to the robot are collaborative (e.g. a family), and in case of conflicting queries, social robots need to participate in value decisions and negotiating multi-party interactions. Given the strong influence of the people’s demographic information and social schema among people, such as relationships and hierarchies, the focus of this research is to examine whether and how people exhibit socio-psychological effects with a shared robot deployed at international events or spaces (e.g. airports). With the aim to investigate who robots should adapt to (children or adults) in multi-party situations within human-robot interactions in public spaces and whether this adaptation can be influenced by culture, this paper presents a cross-cultural study conducted online. The results include a number of interesting findings based on people’s relationship with a child and their parental status. In addition, a number of cross-cultural differences were identified in respondents’ attitude towards robot’s multi-party adaptation in various public settings.
Keywords: Airports, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), control engineering computing, cross-cultural differences, cultural aspects, Cultural differences, Face recognition, Foot, human-robot interaction, human-robot interactions, ieee xplore, multiparty adaptation, PSYCHOLOGY, public spaces, Robots, social robots, socio-psychological effects, speech, Videos 2016
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(2016) : Japanese students apply same moral norms to humans and robot agents: Considering a moral HRI in terms of different cultural and academic backgrounds: 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Christchurch, New Zealand: IEEE Press, S. 457-458
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2016.7451804 Abstract: An investigation was conducted into how Japanese students apply moral norms to humans and robot agents. The result revealed that they applied the same moral norm to both. This result was different from that of a former experiment done by Malle et al. A possible interpretation discussed is that such a difference would be caused by the participants’ cultural or academic background.
2015
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(2015) : Perception of Affective Body Movements in HRI across Age Groups: Comparison between Results from Denmark and Japan: 2015 International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture Computing): Kyoto, Japan: IEEE, S. 25-32
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/Culture.and.Computing.2015.14 Abstract: Social robots are envisioned to move into unrestricted environments where they will be interacting with naive users (in terms of their experience as robot operators). Thus, these robots are also envisioned to exploit interaction channels that are natural to humans like speech, gestures, or body movements. A specificity of these interaction channels is that humans do not only convey task-related information but also more subtle information like e.g. Emotions or personal stance through these channels. Thus, to be successful and not accidentally jeopardizing an interaction, robots need to be able to understand these implicit connotations of the signals (often called social signal processing) in order to generate appropriate signals in a given interaction context. One main application area that is envisioned for social robots is related to elder care, but little is known on how seniors will perceive robots and the signals they produce. In this paper we focus on affective connotations of body movements and investigate how the perception of body movements of robots is related to age. Inspired by a study from Japan, we introduce culture as a variable in the experiment and discuss the difficulties of cross-cultural comparisons. The results show that there are certain age-related differences in the perception of affective body movements, but not as strong as in the original study. A follow up experiment puts the affective body movements into context and shows that recognition rates deteriorate for older participants.
Keywords: affective body movement perception, affective body movements, age groups, age-related differences, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), assisted living, Context, cross-cultural analysis, Cultural differences, culturally aware technology, Denmark, elder care, emotion information, Face, HRI, Human Factors, Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, implicit connotation, interaction channels, Japan, Legged locomotion, Observers, personal stance information, robot operators, Robots, service robot, social robots, social signal processing, task-related information, TV, unrestricted environments, Videos 2006
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(2006) : Modeling Affect in Socially Interactive Robots: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human: Hatfield, UK: IEEE, S. 558-563
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314448 Abstract: Humans use expressions of emotion in a very social manner, to convey messages such as "I'm happy to see you" or "I want to be comforted," and people's long-term relationships depend heavily on shared emotional experiences. We believe that for robots to interact naturally with humans in social situations they should also be able to express emotions in both short-term and long-term relationships. To this end, we have developed an affective model for social robots. This generative model attempts to create natural, human-like affect and includes distinctions between immediate emotional responses, the overall mood of the robot, and long-term attitudes toward each visitor to the robot. This paper presents the general affect model as well as particular details of our implementation of the model on one robot, the Roboceptionist
Keywords: Cultural differences, Displays, emotion & social robotics, emotion recognition, Global communication, human emotion, Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, interactive systems, man-machine systems, Medical services, Mood, Orbital robotics, Roboceptionist, Senior citizens, Social robotic, socially interactive robots 2003
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(2003): Explaining cultural differences in evaluations of emotional support behaviors: Exploring the mediating influences of value systems and interaction goals. In: Communication Research 30 (2), S. 113-146. DOI: 10.1177/0093650202250873
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650202250873 Abstract: Research suggests that affirming, emotion-focused expressions of comfort effectively provide social support. However, little research has examined whether preferred approaches to providing support differ as a function of culture and, if so, why. This study sought to document, for both the Barbee and Cunningham typology of support behaviors and the Burleson hierarchy of comforting messages, whether there are cultural differences in preferred approaches to emotional support provision and, if so, what factors might account for these differences. Participants completed assessments of (a) the appropriateness of using solace, solve, dismiss, and escape behaviors, (b) the perceived sensitivity of comforting messages varying in degree of person centeredness, (c) interaction goal orientation, (d) the value placed on skill in comforting, and (e) collectivist and individualist values. Participants were Euro-American, and Chinese. Analyses indicated there were significant cultural differences in evaluations of support behaviors and that these differences were partially mediated by interaction goals and value orientations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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