poliTE-Literatur-Datenbank

Schnyder, Ulrich; Bryant, Richard A.; Ehlers, Anke; Foa, Edna B.; Hasan, Aram; Mwiti, Gladys; Kristensen, Christian H.; Neuner, Frank; Oe, Misari; Yule, William (2016): Culture-sensitive psychotraumatology. In: European journal of psychotraumatology 7

Abstract: BACKGROUND Although there is some evidence of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) construct's cross cultural validity, trauma-related disorders may vary across cultures, and the same may be true for treatments that address such conditions. Experienced therapists tailor psychotherapy to each patient's particular situation, to the nature of the patient's psychopathology, to the stage of therapy, and so on. In addition, culture-sensitive psychotherapists try to understand how culture enhances the meaning of their patient's life history, the cultural components of their illness and help-seeking behaviors, as well as their expectations with regard to treatment. We cannot take for granted that all treatment-seeking trauma survivors speak our language or share our cultural values. Therefore, we need to increase our cultural competencies. METHODS The authors of this article are clinicians and/or researchers from across the globe, working with trauma survivors in various settings. Each author focused on one or more specific cultural aspects of working with trauma survivors and highlighted the following aspects. RESULTS As a result of culture-specific individual and collective meanings linked to trauma and trauma-related disorders survivors may be exposed to (self-) stigma in the aftermath of trauma. Patients who are reluctant to talk about their traumatic experiences may instead be willing to write or use other ways of accessing the painful memories such as drawing. In other cultures, community and family cohesion are crucial elements of recovery. While awareness of culture-specific aspects is important, we also need to beware of premature cultural stereotyping. When disseminating empirically supported psychotherapies for PTSD across cultures, a number of additional challenges need to be taken into account: many low and middle income countries have very limited resources available and suffer from a poor health infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS In summary, culture-sensitive psychotraumatology means assuming an empathic and non-judgmental attitude, trying to understand each individual's cultural background.

Keywords: Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Culture, culture sensitive, dissemination, Disziplin, evidence-based treatments, Kultur, Kulturtheorie, low and middle income countries, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, Psychologie, psychotraumatology, stigma, Trauma

van Bommel, Tara; Sheehy, Amy; Ruscher, Janet B. (2015): The role of attachment style in women’s recognition of sexism. In: Personality and Individual Differences 74, S. 235-240. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.029

Abstract: The present research examined how differences in attachment style might impact women’s awareness of sexism. Identity threat models of stigma emphasize the role of individual differences in responding to social identity threats, however little is known about what factors lead to avoidance versus vigilance for such threats. Furthermore, research shows that insecure attachment is related to avoidant responses to blatantly threatening cues, but vigilance when such cues are ambiguous. Thus, insecurely attached women should acknowledge less sexism toward women when faced with instances of blatant sexism, whereas their awareness should be heightened by instances of ambiguous sexism. Conversely, securely attached women should acknowledge sexism when encountering blatant rather than ambiguous instances of sexism. In a test of these hypotheses, 155 women were exposed to either a male verbally rejecting a women’s opinion for blatantly sexist or ambiguously sexist reasons. The data confirm predictions. The findings suggest interventions to improve outcomes for stigmatized groups should consider impacts of attachment style, and further, that attachment style might partially explain women’s divergent responses to sexism.

Keywords: Attachment, Geschlechterforschung, PREJUDICE, science direct, Sexism, Stereotyped Attitudes, stigma

Bergart, Ann M. (2004): Group Work as an Antidote to the Isolation of Bearing an Invisible Stigma. In: Social Work With Groups 26 (3), S. 33-43. DOI: 10.1300/J009v26n03_05

Abstract: This article examines the experience of social stigma, both visible and invisible, faced by many of the clients seen in social work groups. The author uses the work of Goffman (1963) as a theoretical base for a discussion of the dilemmas of coping with stigma, especially when it is invisible to others. After reviewing related literature, the author reflects on common themes in group work with incest survivors and the infertile. Emphasis is placed on the immediate benefits of seeing and hearing others who live with the same stigma. Implications for practice are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 17

Keywords: Bearing, group dynamics, Gruppenverhalten, Incest, Infertility, Social Casework, Social Isolation, stigma