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2003
Turner, M.; Fauconnier, G. (2003): Perception mixture and metaphor. In: Zeitschrift für Semiotik (25), S. 241-262

Abstract: Widespread metaphors such as "he exploded" project physical categories to emotional phenomena. The traditional two-domain model of metaphor postulates that in such cases the source domain enables the understanding of the target domain. The authors prove that this model is sufficient to explain culturally entrenched metaphors, but fails to cope with more creative cases. They propose a more sophisticated multi-space model of conceptual projection which contains the blend as an additional domain. The power of this model is demonstrated by several analyses, e.g., of the "Grim Reaper', the "Birth Stork", the desktop metaphor of man-machine interaction as well as the decapitated speaker in Dante's Inferno.

Keywords: blend (Wortkreuzung), Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Linguistik, man-machine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Metapher, Metaphern, Modell der Metapher, multi-space model, Multi-space model of conceptual projection, Reflexionen über MTR, Semiotik, technische Metaphern, Two-domain model of metaphor
2002
Gerovitch, Slava (2002): Love-Hate for Man-Machine Metaphors in Soviet Physiology. From Pavlov to “Physiological Cybernetics”. In: Science in Context 15 (02), S. 339-374. DOI: 10.1017/S0269889702000479

Abstract: This article reinterprets the debate between orthodox followers of the Pavlovian reflex theory and Soviet "cybernetic physiologists" in the 1950s and 60s as a clash of opposing man-machine metaphors. While both sides accused each other of "mechanistic," reductionist methodology, they did not see anything "mechanistic" about their own central metaphors: the telephone switchboard metaphor for nervous activity (the Pavlovians), and the analogies between the human body and a servomechanism and between the human brain and a computer (the cyberneticians). I argue that the scientific utility of machine analogies was closely intertwined with their philosophical and political meanings and that new interpretations of these metaphors emerged as a result of political conflicts and a realignment of forces within the scientific community and in society at large. I suggest that the constant travel of man-machine analogies back and forth between physiology and technology has blurred the traditional categories of the "mechanistic" and the "organic" in Soviet neurophysiology, as perhaps in the history of physiology in general.

Keywords: American Cybernetics, Cold War, cybernetic physiologists, History and Philosophy of Science, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, machine analogy, man-machine, mechanistic vs. organic, mechanistisches Weltbild, Mechanizismus, Mensch und Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Metapher, metaphor, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Pavlov, Reflexionen über MTR, technische Metaphern

2003

2002

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