Alle Publikationen
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2015
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(2015): An Information-Based Approach to Consciousness. Mental State Decoding. DOI: 10.15502/9783958570276
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15502/9783958570276 Abstract: The debate on the neural correlates of visual consciousness often focuses on the question of which additional processing has to happen for a visual representation to enter consciousness. However, a related question that has only rarely been addressed is which brain regions directly encode specific contents of consciousness. The search for these core neural correlates of contents of consciousness (NCCCs) requires establishing a mapping between sensory experiences and population measures of brain activity in specific brain regions. One approach for establishing this mapping is multivariate decoding. Using this technique, several properties of NCCCs have been investigated. Masking studies have revealed that information about sensory stimuli can be decoded from the primary visual cortex, even if the stimuli cannot be consciously identified by a subject. This suggests that information that does not reach awareness can be encapsulated in early visual stages of processing. Visual imagery representations and veridical perception share similar neural representations in higher-level visual regions, suggesting that these regions are directly related to the encoding of conscious visual experience. But population signals in these higher-level visual regions cannot be the sole carriers of visual experiences because they are invariant to low-level visual features. We found no evidence for increased encoding of sensory information in the prefrontal cortex when a stimulus reaches awareness. In general, we found no role of the prefrontal cortex in encoding sensory experiences at all. However, the improved discrimination of sensory information during perceptual learning could be explained by an improved read-out by the prefrontal cortex. One possible implication is that prefrontal cortical regions do not participate in the encoding of sensory features per se. Instead they may be relevant in making decisions about sensory features, without exhibiting a re-representation of sensory information.
2012
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(2012): Interplay of oxytocin, vasopressin, and sex hormones in the regulation of social recognition. In: Behavioral neuroscience 126 (1), S. 97-109. DOI: 10.1037/a0026464
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22141469 Abstract: Social Recognition is a fundamental skill that forms the basis of behaviors essential to the proper functioning of pair or group living in most social species. We review here various neurobiological and genetic studies that point to an interplay of oxytocin (OT), arginine-vasopressin (AVP), and the gonadal hormones, estrogens and testosterone, in the mediation of social recognition. Results of a number of studies have shown that OT and its actions at the medial amygdala seem to be essential for social recognition in both sexes. Estrogens facilitate social recognition, possibly by regulating OT production in the hypothalamus and the OT receptors at the medial amygdala. Estrogens also affect social recognition on a rapid time scale, likely through nongenomic actions. The mechanisms of these rapid effects are currently unknown but available evidence points at the hippocampus as the possible site of action. Male rodents seem to be more dependent on AVP acting at the level of the lateral septum for social recognition than female rodents. Results of various studies suggest that testosterone and its metabolites (including estradiol) influence social recognition in males primarily through the AVP V1a receptor. Overall, it appears that gonadal hormone modulation of OT and AVP regulates and fine tunes social recognition and those behaviors that depend upon it (e.g., social bonds, social hierarchies) in a sex specific manner. This points at an important role for these neuroendocrine systems in the regulation of the sex differences that are evident in social behavior and of sociality as a whole.
Keywords: Amygdala, Animals, behaviour, Biologische Marker, Erinnerung, Erkennen von Personen und Situationen, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, hierarchy, Hormone, Hormonhaushalt, Male, Metabolism, Neurobiologie, Neuroscientific social cognition, Oxytocin, physiology, RECOGNITION, Social Behavior, Social recognition, Sozialpsychologie, Status, Vasopressins, Wiedererkennen 2006
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(2006) : Neuronale Grundlagen der Merkmalsorganisation In: Karnath, H.-O.; Thier, P. (Hg.): Neuropsychologie: s.l.: Springer, S. 55-66Keywords: Neurobiologie
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(2006): Towards the neurobiology of emotional body language. In: Nature reviews. Neuroscience 7 (3), S. 242-249. DOI: 10.1038/nrn1872
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16495945 Abstract: People's faces show fear in many different circumstances. However, when people are terrified, as well as showing emotion, they run for cover. When we see a bodily expression of emotion, we immediately know what specific action is associated with a particular emotion, leaving little need for interpretation of the signal, as is the case for facial expressions. Research on emotional body language is rapidly emerging as a new field in cognitive and affective neuroscience. This article reviews how whole-body signals are automatically perceived and understood, and their role in emotional communication and decision-making.
Keywords: Amygdala, Angst, Animals, Biological, Brain Mapping, dominance, Emotions, entscheiden, Facial Expression, Functional Laterality, Gestik, Humans, Kinesics, Körperhaltung, Mimik, MODELS, Neurobiologie, Neurobiology, Neurowissenschaften, Nonverbale Kommunikation, physiology, Social Perception 1998
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Bohleber, Werner (1998): Psychoanalyse, Kognitionsforschung, Neurobiologie. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta (Psyche /Sonderheft])
1987
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(1987): Brain mechanisms and social/affective behavior. In: Social Science Information 26 (2), S. 375-384
Abstract: Information (International Social Science Council) 1987.26:375-384
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