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  • 2015

  • Cusson, Maurice (2015) : Control, Social In: Wright, James D.: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition): Oxford: Elsevier, S. 822-827

    Abstract: At the beginning of the twentieth century, social control referred to those aspects of social life contributing to the social order, in fact making social order possible. Later, in the writings of sociologists and historians studying prisons, mental institutions, and the like, social control came to mean either a label putting in motion some amplification of deviance process or the organized way in which society reacts to deviance. The term was given a pejorative overtone, meaning coercion, manipulation, and stigmatization. In contemporary criminology, the term is often used in a theory trying to explain juvenile delinquency by a failure of informal controls and to explain the level of crime and violence in neighborhoods. The concept of social control is used by anthropologists to describe the methods by which different cultures resolve conflicts and enforce norms. The social control of crime also refers to all the means specifically aimed at reducing the probability or severity of crime. In the latter case, social control is not so much conceived as the influence of society on individuals, but as the intentional influence by social actors.

    Keywords: ANTHROPOLOGY, Collective efficacy, Conflict management, Control theory, Crime, Criminology, Informal sanctions, Labeling, Punishment, Reaction to deviance, science direct, Self-help, social control, Social order, Soziologie, Third parties, Verhaltensforschung
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