Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): Towards a framework for computational persuasion with applications in behaviour change1. In: Argument & Computation 9 (1), S. 15-40. DOI: 10.3233/AAC-170032
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/AAC-170032 Abstract: Persuasion is an activity that involves one party trying to induce another party to believe something or to do something. It is an important and multifaceted human facility. Obviously, sales and marketing is heavily dependent on persuasion. But many other activities involve persuasion such as a doctor persuading a patient to drink less alcohol, a road safety expert persuading drivers to not text while driving, or an online safety expert persuading users of social media sites to not reveal too much personal information online. As computing becomes involved in every sphere of life, so too is persuasion a target for applying computer-based solutions. An automated persuasion system (APS) is a system that can engage in a dialogue with a user (the persuadee) in order to persuade the persuadee to do (or not do) some action or to believe (or not believe) something. To do this, an APS aims to use convincing arguments in order to persuade the persuadee. Computational persuasion is the study of formal models of dialogues involving arguments and counterarguments, of user models, and strategies, for APSs. A promising application area for computational persuasion is in behaviour change. Within healthcare organizations, government agencies, and non-governmental agencies, there is much interest in changing behaviour of particular groups of people away from actions that are harmful to themselves and/or to others around them.
Keywords: Argumentation, argumentation strategies, Argumentationsstrategie, Argumentationstheorie, automated persuasion system (APS), Automated Persuasion Systems (APS), computational models of argument, Computational persuasion, Computerbasierte Persuasion, dialogical argumentation, doppelter Treffer, Eliminierung von Fehlverhalten, Fehlverhalten, frame semantics, Gesellschaftsprofit, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Intellektualtechnik, Kognitionstheorie, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Persuasion, persuasion dialogues, persuasive arguments, Politik, probabilistic argumentation, Realtechnik, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Sprachroboter, Sprachverarbeitung, Technik, Überreden, Überzeugung, Umgangsformen, Verführung 2017
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(2017): The aesthetics of minorities against the correlation of strong institutionalism, scientism and technicality. on the voice-praxis of the minorities as art-literature. In: CLAREIRA-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA DA REGIAO AMAZONICA (4/1), S. 13-48
Abstract: In the paper, we defend that the aesthetic voice-praxis allows to social movements, citizen initiatives and political-cultural minorities the self-expression and self-affirmation from themselves and by themselves in terms of lyrical-political I-We, so that to frame and overcome the correlation of strong institutionalism, scientism and technicality which characterizes the constitution, legitimation, evolution and social-political linking of modern institutions, such as science, law, political parties and economy. These modern institutions or social systems are logical-technical, non-political and non-normative structures-subjects, marked and streamlined for a self-referential and self-subsisting dynamics which is eminently endogenous, autonomous and overlap in relation to the spontaneity and informality of the epistemological-political subjects, values and practices proper to civil society, centralizing and monopolizing the constitution, programming and functioning of their fields of research and objects and, from here, framing the own voice-praxis of these civil society's epistemological-political subjects in their nowadays action and relatively to institutions. In this sense, in the correlation of strong institutionalism, scientism and technicality, the institutions become the basis, the arena, the value and the epistemological-political subject par excellence and exclusive of the foundation of themselves and even relating to the social-cultural structuration and evolution, peripherizing the informal and spontaneous epistemological-political subjects of civil society. Against this apolitical and depoliticizing tendency assumed by modern social systems, we argue in favor of an aesthetics of the minorities that enables both their spontaneous and informal, political, politicizing and normative self-affirmation and self-expression, with no scientist and institutionalist mediations, and a political-normative praxis which is alternative and opposed to strong institutionalism and its scientism and technicism, because it is inclusive, participative and direct. Therefore, the social criticism, political-normative praxis and cultural resistance need a non-systemic, non-institutionalist, non-technicist and non-scientificist voice-praxis that can be founded and allowed by aesthetics in its anti-paradigmatic, non- institutionalist and anti-scientificist sense.
Keywords: Ästhetik, Bruch, Diskriminierung, Fehlverhalten, Gesellschaft, institutionalism, Interaktion, Kunstgeschichte, Minderheiten, minorities, Normativität, Normen, Poesie in der Politik, scientism, social systems, Soziale Klasse / Schicht, Soziale Systeme, soziokulturelle Strukturen, Subjekte, subversive, technicism, Technizität 2016
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(2016): ON DECORUM. FROM THE CLASSICS TO POSTMODERNITY. In: QUAESTIO IURIS 9 (3)
Abstract: Considering that the observance of decorum is important to assure good human relationships, especially in the public sphere, and, also, that episodes of breach of decorum are recurrent in Brazilian public life, I propose to recover this classical concept, since its re-evaluation is opportune and urgent. I present therefore a historical revision of the concept of decorum starting from the classics and find that, although this concept has undergone changes, its fundamental aspect, the intimate connection with ethics, has been maintained until the present day. Evidence that this classical concept still survives is the existence, in many countries, of “codes of ethics and decorum” of legislative, judicial and other organs. I find, however, that this concept is sensitive to culture, which is proven in the contrastive analysis of a sample of episodes of the violation of decorum by judges of the American Supreme Court and of the Brazilian Supreme Court. I found that, although violations of Americans are less severe than Brazilians, the reactions of the media and American citizens are much more energetic, because decorum for the Americans is a value that they hold dear, while in Brazil it is a dead letter, lacking be ressurected. I also present some reflections on the arrogance of those who hold power, an attitude to which I attribute the cause of many occurrences of the breach of decorum nowadays.
Keywords: Brasilien, Breach of decorum, decorum, Decorum in der Öffentlichkeit, Ethik, Fehlverhalten, Gericht, Grenzen, Grenzüberschreitung, Judikative, Kommunikation, Kultur, Kulturvergleich, Macht, Medien, Medienwirksamkeit, Öffentliche, diskursive Aushandlung von Anstand, Öffentlicher Diskurs, Rechtswissenschaft, Rhetorik, Richter, Soziale Angemessenheit, Umgangsformen, USA, Werte -
(2016): Corruption: instrumental conceptualisation. In: SOTSIOLOGICHESKIE ISSLEDOVANIYA (5)
Abstract: The paper is devoted to instrumental conceptualization of corruption, including classification of its forms and definition of institutional mechanism. It proposes an analysis of conceptual approaches to corruption and demonstrates major aspects of normative approach: value judgment of corruption as an unambiguously negative phenomenon; associating corruption with contempt of law or violation of moral and ethical standards; consideration of corruption as deviant behavior. Author emphasizes challenging issues and ambiguities of this approach. A rationalist approach to corruption, including economic approach, does not address value judgments or norms and standards, but describes in terms of functional assessment its symptoms and consequences. The paper counters the claim that corruption fulfils positive functions such as deregulation and overcoming bureaucratic barriers. The paper reveals a generalized mechanism of corruption: exceeding authority and violating official powers and duties regulations, including code of conduct and ethical standards, and (or) social behavioral, moral, and ethical norms, an official or an administrative organization illegitimately distributes and uses resources of the organization to gain personal or group benefits, not to implement the functions and objectives of the organization. The author proposes a new definition of "political corruption" and describes hierarchy system of types of political and economic corruption, where the "state capture" is at the top. The author also determins institutional mechanism of corruption in the sphere of public power, the essence of which lies in the various types of abuse of its resources. While conceptualizing corruption in public policy in an instrumental way, it is defined as an abuse, misuse of public power resources by a public official not for implementing functions of the state or providing social progress, but for obtaining undue preferences or deriving tangible or intangible personal or group benefits, including gaining advantages in favor of third parties.
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(2016): Philosophical Anthropology, Shame, and Disability. In Favor of an Interpersonal Theory of Shame. In: Res Philosophica 93 (4), S. 743-765. DOI: 10.11612/resphil.1472
Abstract: This article argues against a leading cognitivist and moral interpretation of shame that is present in the philosophical literature. That standard view holds that shame is the felt-response to a loss of self-esteem, which is the result of negative self-assessment. I hold that shame is a heteronomous and primitive bodily affect that is perceptual rather than judgmental in nature. Shame results from the breakdown and thwarting of our desire for anonymous, unexceptional, and disattentive co-existence with others. I use the sociological theory of Erving Goffman and the theory of shame found in philosophical anthropology to support this view. I also use the cases of shame and chronic shame that often accompany disability to show that shame is separable from negative self-assessment and, instead, emerges as an affective response to a world (of equipment, things, and people) that disallows unburdened and unreflective interpersonal equilibrium.
2015
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(2015): Development of a Dating Violence Assessment Tool for Late Adolescence Across Three Countries. The Violence in Adolescents' Dating Relationships Inventory (VADRI). In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, S. 2626-2646. DOI: 10.1177/0886260515593543
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160857 Abstract: Accurate assessment of dating violence (DV) is crucial for evaluation and intervention planning. However, extant self-report measurement tools of DV do not adequately consider age-, generation-, and culture-specific issues, which are essential for its accurate conceptualization. To address these gaps, we developed the Violence in Adolescents' Dating Relationships Inventory (VADR I: ) and evaluated its psychometric properties. The VADRI was developed based on a qualitative approach for item development through adolescents' individual interviews, focus groups, and experts' judgments, followed by a quantitative approach for tool assessment. Two aspects of DV were addressed: victimization and perpetration. After the necessary cultural and linguistic adaptation of items, the instrument was administered to 466 adolescents from three Spanish-speaking countries: Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain. The items were best represented by a one-factor solution in each country, which suggests that DV is a unidimensional construct combining victimization and perpetration. Analyses of item-level factor weights and differential item functioning were conducted aimed at obtaining information about items that best represented the construct, resulting in a 26-item final version that was cross-culturally equivalent. Convergent validity was supported by positive correlations with the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory, and reliability analyses yielded favorable results (with all Cronbach's α values above .90). We conclude that the VADRI is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of DV in various cultural contexts.
Keywords: adolescence, assessment, COMPONENTS, conflict, COUPLES, cross-cultural psychology, Culture, culture specific, Dating Violence, Fehlverhalten, Female, Gewalt, NUMBER, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, PARTNER VIOLENCE, Psychologie, SCALES, Sozialverhalten, Students, test development, Übertretung von sozialen Grenzen/Gewalt, VADRI (Violence in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory), VALIDATION -
(2015): Verecundia, risa y decoro. Cicerón y el arte de insultar. In: Isegoría (53), S. 445-473. DOI: 10.3989/isegoria.2015.053.01
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/isegoria.2015.053.01 Abstract: Sobre la risa puede hablarse de muchas maneras; cabe, por ejemplo, una aproximación fisiológica, otra psicológica o una tercera sociológica, que los antiguos no desatendieron por completo, si bien Cicerón prefirió investigar sus posibilidades retóricas. A nadie se le oculta la relevancia de chanzas y chistes para disponer a la audiencia de manera favorable o para ridiculizar al adversario; tampoco que esta estrategia, a despecho de su efectividad y por la misma, puede sobrepasar los límites de lo aceptable o de lo provechoso. Cuestión tanto más grave cuanto que el orador puede y debe reírse de asuntos que, considerados en sí mismos, carecen de gracia. La retórica ciceroniana de la risa plantea y desemboca en una ética y una táctica del humor atenta al estudio y posible codificación de los principios rectores de tan poderoso recurso, que debe utilizarse de manera conveniente, adecuada y decorosa (pues de todas estas formas puede traducirse la palabra griega prépon y la latina decorum), lo cual presupone que no siempre es así y, por lo que interesa en estas páginas, que hay risas indebidas, próximas al vituperio, que pueden acarrear dificultades a quien las provoca, pues siempre es peligroso reírse de los poderosos. Cicerón, sin duda, era un individuo que insultaba mucho, con ingenio, gracia y en ocasiones con extraordinaria agresividad.~~~
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(2015): In-your-face politics. The consequences of uncivil media. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1512/2014956135-d.html
Abstract: "Americans are disgusted with watching politicians screaming and yelling at one another on television. But does all the noise really make a difference? Drawing on numerous studies, Diana Mutz provides the first comprehensive look at the consequences of in-your-face politics. Her book contradicts the conventional wisdom by documenting both the benefits and the drawbacks of in-your-face media."--Dust jacket flap "'In-your-face' politics refers to both the level of incivility and the up-close and personal way that we experience political conflict on television. ... Mutz finds that incivility is particularly detrimental to facilitating respect for oppositional political viewpoints and to citizens' levels of trust in politicians and the political process. On the positive side, incivility and close-up camera perspectives contribute to making politics more physiologically arousing and entertaining to viewers. This encourages more attention to political programs, stimulates recall of the content, and encourages people to relay content to others."--From publisher description Americans are disgusted with watching politicians screaming and yelling at one another on television. But does all the noise really make a difference? Drawing on numerous studies, Diana Mutz provides the first comprehensive look at the consequences of in-your-face politics. Her book contradicts the conventional wisdom by documenting both the benefits and the drawbacks of in-your-face media Includes bibliographical reference and index
Keywords: Ekel, Fehlverhalten, Fernsehen, Fernsehsendung, Kommunikation, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Mass media, Medien, Meinungsbildung, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Öffentlichkeit, Political aspects, Politik, Politikwissenschaft, Politische Kommunikation, Politische Meinungsbildung, Politische Methode, Realtechnik, Skandalisierung und Arousal, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik, Television in politics, USA -
(2015): THE DEPTH OF CIVILIZING FEATURES. NEGATIVE DIALECTICS BETWEEN POLITENESS AND MORALITY IN KANT’S ANTHROPOLOGY. In: ENDOXA-SERIES FILOSOFICAS (35), S. 119-138
Abstract: This paper tackles the contribution that the beautiful appearance of virtue, whose multiplicity of forms can be gathered under the generic name of decorum, offers to the civilizing process and also to the progressive moralization of mankind according to Kant’s Moral Anthropology. First, I will focus on the homiletic virtues analyzed in the Metaphysics of Morals, that is, loquacity, politeness, hospitality and indulgence, which bring about a trompe l’oeil inside the subject, always prone to selfishness and to the perversion of its practical drives. Secondly, I will analyze the relationship between these “supplements of virtue,” good social manners, and an undeniable anthropological fact, that is, the weakness of human nature and the need to use aesthetic crutches to get accustomed to acting in accordance with pure practical principles. Finally, I will cast light on the importance that parerga deserves according to Kant, who argues that these special virtues must be cultivated in the midst of social life, that is to say, always in contact with others. On the contrary, moral appearance produced by the individual subject ought to be banned unequivocally, because everyone must avoid falling into false illusions about the purity of her or his own intentions.
2013
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(2013): The moral behavior of ethics professors. Relationships among self-reported behavior, expressed normative attitude, and directly observed behavior. In: Philosophical Psychology 27 (3), S. 293-327. DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2012.727135
Abstract: Do philosophy professors specializing in ethics behave, on average, any morally better than do other professors? If not, do they at least behave more consistently with their expressed values? These questions have never been systematically studied. We examine the self-reported moral attitudes and moral behavior of 198 ethics professors, 208 non-ethicist philosophers, and 167 professors in departments other than philosophy on eight moral issues: academic society membership, voting, staying in touch with one's mother, vegetarianism, organ and blood donation, responsiveness to student emails, charitable giving, and honesty in responding to survey questionnaires. On some issues, we also had direct behavioral measures that we could compare with the self-reports. Ethicists expressed somewhat more stringent normative attitudes on some issues, such as vegetarianism and charitable donation. However, on no issue did ethicists show unequivocally better behavior than the two comparison groups. Our findings on attitude-behavior consistency were mixed: ethicists showed the strongest relationship between behavior and expressed moral attitude regarding voting but the weakest regarding charitable donation. We discuss implications for several models of the relationship between philosophical reflection and real-world moral behavior.
Keywords: Applied Ethics, Attitude-Behavior Consistency, Charity, Ethics, Experimental Philosophy, Moral Behavior, Moral Psychology, Vegetarianism, Voting, Ethik Professoren, Ethik, Ethische Überzeugungen, Fehlverhalten, moralische Dimension, Moralphilosophie, Performative Kraft von wertender Überzeugung?, Philosophical Psychology, Stehlen, Werte 2010
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(2010): The cost of a lack of decorum, integrity and transparency in service entrepreneurial contexts. In: SERVICE BUSINESS 4 (2), S. 167-176
Abstract: This article shows the results of a study whose objective is to identify aspects considered as explanatory variables, which evolve alongside levels of corruption and to analyse the direction of the variation with each explained variable, through the use of multiple regression methodology. Once these variables and the statistical significance of their variations have been identified the cost of, the lack of decorum, integrity and transparency, corruption is deduced. The variables are grouped into those where growth is associated with greater or lower levels of corruption, which will warn of the effect the services sector has on the GDP (GDP in%).
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(2010): Mental health care and the politics of inclusion. A social systems account of psychiatric deinstitutionalization. In: Theoretical medicine and bioethics 31 (6), S. 411-427. DOI: 10.1007/s11017-010-9155-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20711755 Abstract: This paper provides an interpretation, based on the social systems theory of German sociologist Niklas Luhmann, of the recent paradigmatic shift of mental health care from an asylum-based model to a community-oriented network of services. The observed shift is described as the development of psychiatry as a function system of modern society and whose operative goal has moved from the medical and social management of a lower and marginalized group to the specialized medical and psychological care of the whole population. From this theoretical viewpoint, the wider deployment of the modern social order as a functionally differentiated system may be considered to be a consistent driving force for this process; it has made asylum psychiatry overly incompatible with prevailing social values (particularly with the normative and regulative principle of inclusion of all individuals in the different functional spheres of society and with the common patterns of participation in modern function systems) and has, in turn, required the availability of psychiatric care for a growing number of individuals. After presenting this account, some major challenges for the future of mental health care provision, such as the overburdening of services or the overt exclusion of a significant group of potential users, are identified and briefly discussed.
Keywords: Bioethics,, Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration, Deinstitutionalization, Diskriminierung, Ethik, Fehlverhalten, Gesellschaftsprofit, Health Services Accessibility, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Medizin, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Pathologie, Patient Care Team, Pflege, Politics, Psychiatry/trends, social systems, ethics, Social Values, Soziale Ordnung, Spain, systems theory, Werte -
(2010): Mystic Excess. Extravagance and Indecorum in Richard Crashaw. In: CAMBRIDGE QUARTERLY 39 (4), S. 350-369
Abstract: This essay, a re-evaluation and partial justification of the traditionally controversial eccentricities of Richard Crashaw's poetry, examines the function of ‘excess’ in his work. ‘Excess’ is taken to mean both stylistic extravagance and transgression of the normal boundaries of decorum. The first section characterises Crashaw's stylistic extravagance, partly in terms of ‘revisional flux’, and explores Pseudo-Dionysian semiotics and the notion of ‘incongruity’. The second section introduces George Bataille's theory to explain the extravagance in erotic and mystical terms. The third section moves on to ‘indecorum’ of several kinds, including the use of financial and appetitive, or sensual, imagery. The final section offers observations about Crashaw's tonal ambiguity, use of irony, and combination of wit with seriousness.
2009
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(2009): The valentyn case. plagiarism and scientific decorum at the beginning of the eighteenth century. In: TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR NEDERLANDSE TAAL-EN LETTERKUNDE 125 (1), S. 22-40
Abstract: François Valentyn (1666-1727) is the author of Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën, which is the most comprehensive book about Asia published in the eighteenth century. Modern criticism of his work to a large degree revolves around accusations of plagiarism of naturalist Georg Rumphius. This criticism, however, does not take into account early eighteenth-century notions of plagiarism and systems of referencing. This article tries to read the shortcomings (from our perspective) of Valentyn's system of referencing against the background of shifting ideas about scholarly behaviour and referencing within the Republic of Letters around 1700. The argument of the paper focusses both on Valentyn's use of Rumphius and his defence against potential accusations of plagiarism in the case of his assertions about the possible location of biblical Ophir in the book of Kings. It is concluded that Valentyn found himself in an ambiguous discursive position. Although he was acquainted with the stricter guidelines for scholarly referencing in the Republic of Letters, in which he held at most an outsider's position, at the same time he remained caught up in a historiographical discourse which discouraged explicit attribution and, in the case of travel writing, even allowed large scale plagiarism.
2008
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(2008): Charles Lamb on Romantic Reading and Social Decorum. In: WORDSWORTH CIRCLE 39 (3), S. 79-85
Abstract: This article discusses topics related to Charles Lamb on Romantic reading and social decorum. It states the for Lamb, reading is essentially an indoor, private activity for pleasure rather than duty. It explains that Lamb cares for the physical condition and appearance of his books and believes that reading entails appreciating its social and cultural status. In addition, Lamb dislikes hearing written and printed works being read aloud, especially newspapers, wherein he states that reading aloud in public is a tedious and potentially embarrassing activity because most readers are slow readers and because their private pleasure is rarely suitable for public exposure.
2007
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(2007): Ethics of unprofessional behavior that disrupts. Crossing the line. In: Journal of vascular surgery 45 (2), S. 433-435. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.11.043
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2006.11.043 Abstract: As chief of surgery, you have been contacted by the managing operating room (OR) nurse about Dr Frank N. Stein’s behavior earlier this morning. Dr Stein, a senior surgeon, has long had a reputation for outlandish behaviors in the OR. He is the impeccable gentleman outside that environment, loved by patients and nonoperating personnel alike. He has an international reputation as a master technical surgeon, operates as efficiently as anyone on the planet, and has the largest practice at the medical center. He has survived beyond the generation of tolerance because he has retained the same OR crew that over the years have calloused enough to regard his scurrilousness as just being Dr S. Today, he crossed the line. Dr. Stein, known for his colorful diatribes, trounced decorum when he ordered the operative team, excepting the anesthesiologist, out of the OR and demanded that a new team be substituted. This resulted from a shouting match with a new circulator when she took issue with a personal insult. The transition was accomplished, causing delays in both Dr Stein’s OR and several other ORs where substitute nurses were commandeered. At least one other faculty surgeon has complained about the inconvenience. In your office, Frank, long a colleague, insists that the nurses involved are assassins and refuses to work with them from this day. What should be done?
Keywords: Agonistic Behavior, Attitude of Health Personnel, Beispiel, Clinical, Clinical Competence, Control, decorum, Disziplin, Employee Discipline, Ethics, Ethik, Fehlverhalten, General Surgery, Grenzüberschreitung, Humans, Medical Errors, Medizin, Patient Care Team, Philosophie, Physician-Nurse Relations, Physicians/ethics, Prevention, Professional Misconduct, Rolle (Beruf), Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Hierarchie, Übertretung von sozialen Grenzen/Gewalt, Umgangsformen, Unprofessionel -
(2007): Boundary Issues in Academia. Student Perceptions of Faculty—Student Boundary Crossings. In: Ethics & Behavior 17 (2), S. 117-129. DOI: 10.1080/10508420701378065
Abstract: Boundary crossings in academia are rarely addressed by university policy despite the risk of problematic or unethical faculty—student interactions. This study contributes to an understanding of undergraduate college student perceptions of appropriateness of faculty—student nonsexual interactions by investigating the influence of gender and ethnicity on student judgments of the appropriateness of numerous hypothetical interactions. Overall, students deemed the majority of interactions as inappropriate. Female students judged a number of interactions as more inappropriate than did male students, and with a few exceptions, Mexican American and Anglo American students were similar in their ratings of the appropriateness of faculty—student interactions. These findings suggest that universities need to be proactive in establishing guidelines concerning faculty-student boundary crossings.
2006
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(2006): Breaking the rules of the game. Ethical implications for nursing practice and education. In: Nursing Science Quarterly 19 (3), S. 207-210
Abstract: Rules in games are fundamental to the ethics of practice. Rules provide a context or space where a game is defined and played. Throughout human life, games may be formalized with written and unwritten rules. Imaginations may be sparked in the creative structuring of new, informal games. Formal and informal rules can serve to provide direction for what may be viewed as decorum and appropriate behavior with professional groups. In this column, the author illuminates possible ethical meanings for rule-making and breaking with implications for nursing practice and education from a nursing theoretical perspective.
Keywords: Berufstechnik, decorum, Fehlverhalten, Gesellschaftsprofit, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Intellektualtechnik, Interaktion, Medizin, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Normen, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pflege, Regel, Regelwerk, Regelwerke, Soziale Rolle, Spiel, Spieltheorie, Technik, Umgangsformen, Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2006): Idiocy in Virginia, 1616-1860. In: BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 80 (4), S. 677-701
Abstract: Like the English, Virginians tended to think that idiocy, a condition analogous to intellectual disability in the twenty-first century, was congenital, untreatable, and incurable, and they adopted legal remedies that corresponded closely to the laws of England. In addition, concepts of idiocy reflected some of the unique aspects of Virginia's social system, which was dominated by a coterie of powerful men. With a need to preserve social order and maintain decorum, the Virginia legislature established in 1769 the Eastern State Hospital to house unruly and objectionable people who were mentally disabled. Although idiots were among the hospital's first patients, they were eventually banished due to their presumed failure to respond to treatment. The social stigma attached to idiocy extended from Virginia's city streets and jails to the private homes of prominent families. Personal reticence regarding shameful family matters hid the identity of people thought to be intellectually disabled. Even Thomas Jefferson, a prolific author, entered only cryptic notes about the limitations of his sister, Elizabeth. In summary, Virginians' response to idiocy suggests a two-tiered approach: public disclosure and disdain of poor and dependent people with intellectual disabilities, and silent avoidance of the problem in prominent families. In both situations, idiocy represented images of shame and humiliation that threatened the social order.
Keywords: Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Beispiel, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, decorum, Diskriminierung, Fehlverhalten, Geschichte, Gesellschaftsprofit, "idiocy", Medizin, Mental Health, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Ordnung, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext 2005
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(2005): The decorum of a defecating dog. In: PRINT QUARTERLY 22 (2), S. 119-132
Abstract: In his otherwise grandiose, monumental woodcut, the "Submersion of Pharaoh's Army in the Red Sea", Titian included a realistic depiction of a defecating dog (figs. 39-40). The dog is one small figure in a huge work, but is prominently placed in the foreground, so that it and Moses' commanding arm are the only elements projecting into a block otherwise filled with water. The few scholars who have commented on this detail have tended to dismiss it as an insignificant vulgarity or tasteless lapse in decorum.
2004
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(2004): Business ethics is a matter of good conduct and of good conscience?. In: Journal of Business Ethics 53 (1-2), S. 9-16
Abstract: The myth of an economy where nobody could have a predominant position, has lost its credibility. The presentiment of a high risk of social explosion makes companies undertake tentative moral legitimation. Thus, a new paradigm develops according to which the firm has to care for the satisfaction of public interest if “it wants to try to win forgiveness” for misbehavior towards the decorum rules of the atomicity of competition. Thus, there is a wave of “business ethics industry” building up. However, the stock exchange performances considered as ethical, are not different from others! The market does not seem to be able to say why it might be interesting to invest in stock considered as ethical. Moreover, opinion polls reveal a very significant discrepancy between the characterization of “the responsible company” as defined by itself or by notation agencies and, on the other hand, the hierarchy of criteria according to the answers of polled people. When companies and agencies favor sustainable development and good governance, rejecting child labor and so on, polled people consider that the paramount criterion of ethical conduct is personnel management. The problem is right here. Such is the view of a positively critical economist, situated at the point where macroeconomics meets corporate management.
2003
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(2003): Responsible psychopaths. In: Philosophical Psychology 16 (3), S. 417-429. DOI: 10.1080/0951508032000121797
Abstract: Psychopaths are agents who lack the normal capacity to feel moral emotions (e.g. guilt based on empathy with the victims of their actions). Evidence for attributing psychopathy at least in some cases to genetic or early childhood causes suggests that psychopaths lack free will. However, the paper defends a sense in which psychopaths still may be construed as responsible for their actions, even if their degree of responsibility is less than that of normal agents. Responsibility is understood in Strawsonian terms, as a question of our appropriate reactive attitudes toward an agent for what she does, and as distinct from the question of the agent's own motivating attitudes, which lead him to do what he does. The latter is the question more directly relevant to free will, though moral motivation normally depends on the capacity in early childhood to pick up motivating attitudes from others' reactive attitudes. Reactive attitudes based on hatred rather than anger (e.g. disgust or contempt) count as alternative forms of blame that may be appropriately directed toward agents manifesting bad qualities of will, even as a matter of motivational impairment. So psychopaths may still be said to deserve blame, even if they are incapable of modifying their behavior in response to blame.
Keywords: Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Fehlverhalten, Moral emotions, Moral und Kognition, moralische Dimension, Moralphilosophie, Moralpsychologie, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, Philosophical Psychology, Philosophie der Psychologie, Psychopathie, Schuld -
(2003): Defining dirt. Three early modern views of obscenity. In: TEXTUAL PRACTICE 17 (2), S. 253-275
Abstract: This essay examines the workings of bad language in the early modem period, along with its social and political contexts - why and under what circumstances some words were deemed inappropriate for polite or moral discourse and literature. In early modern English, words such as "shit' or "fuck' were not considered "swearing', but rather occupied a separate category of "wanton' or "obscene' language. Thomas Elyot's The Boke Named the Governour , Desiderius Erasmus' De Copia and George Puttenham's The Arte of English Poesie pay particular attention to this category. They investigate it from different perspectives, but reach similar conclusions: obscene words have an offensive power in excess of their literal meaning, exposing body parts and actions that should be concealed to a greater degree than do their more decorous synonyms. These texts also agree that the rules of decorum which govern obscenity are extremely flexible, so much so that obscene words may be the most useful and even the most appropriate terms in certain circumstances.
Keywords: Angemessenheit, Appropriateness, Appropriateness of inappropriateness, decorum, Fehlverhalten, fluchen, Grenzen, Grenzüberschreitung, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Höflichkeitsforschung, (Im)Politeness Research, Inappropriateness, Interaktion, Konventionen, Literaturwissenschaft, Modelle/Theorien, Normen, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Obszönität, Respekt, Sprache, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker, swearing, Umgangsformen, Unangemessenheit 2001
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(2001): Shopping the leftovers. Warhol’s collecting strategies in ’Raid the Icebox I’. In: Art History 24 (2), S. 278-291
Abstract: Andy Warhol’s little-known commission in 1969 to ‘curate’ an exhibition from basement storage at the Museum of Art at the Rhode Island School of Design opens a window on the artist’s complex attitudes toward class. While the many manifestations of Warhol’s queer aesthetic have been illuminated in recent scholarship, little attention has been paid to how his sensibility was also shaped by his working-class roots in the slavic enclave of Depression-era Pittsburgh. While Warhol created a uniquely ‘cool‘ persona in the New York art world, he never repudiated his background and its values. His writings, from Popism and The Philosophy to the Diaries, are full of sharp insights on American class politics and aspirations. One can see in Warhol’s signature elevation of icons of mass consumption to the status of art and in his treatment of high subjects as mass products a radical proletarianizing will. Raid the Icebox I shows Warhol’s levelling aesthetic in its full glory as he makes a series of curatorial selections that directly assault the principles of connoisseurship that undergirded professional museum practice. Twenty years before postmodern artists would view the museum as a context for critical ‘reinstallations’, Warhol’s Raid the Icebox– the only such intervention he ever made – profoundly disrupted museum decorum by exposing the usually well-concealed links between elite collecting and its low-class other – shopping.
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(2001): Arbitria-Vrbanitatis. Language, style, and characterization in Catullus ’cc.39 and 37’. In: CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY 20 (2), S. 239-272
Abstract: This article describes how cc. 39 and 37 create distinct tones of voice and use them to preclude the social pretensions of Egnatius in different spheres. The style of c. 39, markedly oratorical—and non-Catullan—in the syntax of its opening lines, develops into the voice of a respectable senex by way of archaisms of vocabulary and syntax and is capped by a figure of humor otherwise absent from the polymetrics, the apologus. The style thus creates a voice perfectly suited to chastise Egnatius' social ineptitudes and, more importantly, constitutes on the verbal level an embodiment of the standards of the urban elite. Catullus thus illustrates to Egnatius that a subtle system of social gestures can be learned - something which Egnatius, for all his apparent pretensions to social prominence, manifestly has not grasped, marred as he is by the habit of grinning inappropriately. C. 37, which ends with an attack on the same Egnatius, is far different in tone, commingling tokens of artfulness with vulgarity and forcefulness. That mixed style exercises ironic decorum towards Lesbia's lovers, who are themselves an oddly mixed group, well-off on the one hand, but "backstreet adulterers" on the other. But the two tones of voice, and indeed the two groups of lovers, also embody the paradoxes of the Roman construction of stylish behavior, which could be represented as elegant dalliance or reprehensible vice. Inasmuch as Egnatius' fashion affectations, ridiculed at the poem's end, fail to qualify him for the ranks of Lesbia's lovers, he is represented as outside sophisticated society, however it be constructed. In concert the two poems utterly derail Egnatius' social pretensions: c. 39 as it were outflanks him on the "right," barring him from respectable society, and c. 37 outflanks him on the "left," barring him from the "jet set."