poliTE-Literatur-Datenbank

Li, Norman P.; van Vugt, Mark; Colarelli, Stephen M. (2017): The Evolutionary Mismatch Hypothesis. Implications for Psychological Science. In: Current Directions in Psychological Science 27 (1), S. 38-44. DOI: 10.1177/0963721417731378

Abstract: Human psychological mechanisms are adaptations that evolved to process environmental inputs, turning them into behavioral outputs that, on average, increase survival or reproductive prospects. Modern contexts, however, differ vastly from the environments that existed as human psychological mechanisms evolved. Many inputs now differ in quantity and intensity or no longer have the same fitness associations, thereby leading many mechanisms to produce maladaptive output. We present the precepts of this evolutionary mismatch process, highlight areas of mismatch, and consider implications for psychological science and policy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 3

Keywords: adaptation, Behavioral Sciences, Evolution, Evolutionary Psychology, Mismatch, Policy Making, Verhaltensforschung

Hunt, Richard A.; Fund, Bret R. (2016): Intergenerational Fairness and the Crowding Out Effects of Well-Intended Environmental Policies. In: Journal of Management Studies 53 (5), S. 878-910. DOI: 10.1111/joms.12202

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12202

Abstract: Sustainability involves the drive to ensure intergenerational fairness. However, the results of actions taken to achieve sustainability often lie far into the future and efforts to promote the welfare of distant generations may or may not ultimately be successful. While both governmental policies and entrepreneurial innovation have been cited as being indispensable to the achievement of sustainability, the manner in which they co‐exist and interact over very long periods of time remains unclear. Using a computational model spanning more than two centuries, this study asks: Do well‐intended environmental policies facilitate or inhibit environmental entrepreneurship? By simultaneously considering both the ethical and economic consequences of efforts to arrest environmental degradation, our study answers the call to develop multi‐disciplinary perspectives and integrative frameworks when addressing the challenges of sustainable existence. Contrary to widely held perceptions, our findings suggest that policy actions may, in the long run, result in less intergenerational fairness by crowding out environmentally desirable innovations and organizations. Our examination of the long‐term interactions between policies and markets offers insights and opportunities for scholars, entrepreneurs, environmentalists, ethicists and policymakers to develop solutions that preserve and extend the essential contributions of both policy actions and entrepreneurial innovations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, Entrepreneurship, environmental Attitudes, Fairness, Intergenerational Realtions, manners, Policy Making, Sustainable Development, Umwelt

Motazedian, Nikafsar (1999): Variables that affect job satisfaction in home health nurses. In: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 59 (8-B)

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure the variables related to job satisfaction and home healthcare nurses. Specifically, this study was designed to determine how satisfied the home healthcare nurse is at the current agency for which he or she is employed. This study attempted to determine which variables produce job satisfaction and which produce job dissatisfaction. The following research hypotheses were tested in this study. The first hypothesis is that seven factors comprise job satisfaction and these factors emerge in factor analysis: safety, autonomy, interaction, compensation, task requirements, professional status, organizational policies. The second hypothesis is that items measuring job satisfaction factors display acceptable internal consistency. The third hypothesis is social demographic variables relate to job satisfaction of home health services. The sample consisted of 150 home health nurses in the greater Houston and surrounding areas. The sample was a convenience sample from registered nurses (RN) and licensed vocational nurses (LVN) currently working at home health agencies. A 46-item Job Attitude Scale (JAS) was proposed in seven hypothesized factors. The seven factors were compensation, safety, autonomy, task requirement, organizational policies, professional status, and interaction. The construct validity of the original seven factor JAS was tested through factor analysis with principal component extraction. After factor analysis testing, the seven factor JAS was reduced to a proposed 3 factor scale which included: Job Compensation (10 items), Work Decorum (10 items), and Ancillary Function (10 items). Therefore, the first hypothesis was rejected. Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated for each of the retained factors. The analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of.86,.85 and.84 for the factors 'Job Compensation', 'Work Decorum', and 'Ancillary Function', respectively. The current scale reveals internal consistency and this is a solid and reliable scale. Therefore, the second hypothesis was accepted. The third hypothesis was tested by using the following measurement techniques: correlation coefficients, multiple regression, and ANOVA. No significant mean factor score differences were found between age and educational background. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, autonomy, compensation & safety & autonomy & task requirement & organizational policies & professional status & interaction & social demographic variables, Compensation (Defense Mechanism), decorum, Demographic Characteristics, Gesundheit, home health nurses, Interpersonal Interaction, Job Satisfaction, Occupational Status, Policy Making, safety