Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): Ranking low, feeling high. How hierarchical position and experienced power promote prosocial behavior in response to procedural justice. In: The Journal of applied psychology 103 (2), S. 164-181. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000260
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933910 Abstract: Research shows that power can lead to prosocial behavior by facilitating the behavioral expression of dispositional prosocial motivation. However, it is not clear how power may facilitate responses to contextual factors that promote prosocial motivation. Integrating fairness heuristic theory and the situated focus theory of power, we argue that in particular, organization members in lower (vs. higher) hierarchical positions who simultaneously experience a high (vs. low) sense of power respond with prosocial behavior to 1 important antecedent of prosocial motivation, that is, the enactment of procedural justice. The results from a multisource survey among employees and their leaders from various organizations (Study 1) and an experiment using a public goods dilemma (Study 2) support this prediction. Three subsequent experiments (Studies 3-5) show that this effect is mediated by perceptions of authority trustworthiness. Taken together, this research (a) helps resolve the debate regarding whether power promotes or undermines prosocial behavior, (b) demonstrates that hierarchical position and the sense of power can have very different effects on processes that are vital to the functioning of an organization, and (c) helps solve ambiguity regarding the roles of hierarchical position and power in fairness heuristic theory. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2018): Respectful leadership: Reducing performance challenges posed by leader role incongruence and gender dissimilarity. In: Human Relations 71 (12), S. 1590-1610. DOI: 10.1177/0018726718754992
DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6207991 Abstract: We investigate how respectful leadership can help overcome the challenges for follower performance that female leaders face when working (especially with male) followers. First, based on role congruity theory, we illustrate the biases faced by female leaders. Second, based on research on gender (dis-)similarity, we propose that these biases should be particularly pronounced when working with a male follower. Finally, we propose that respectful leadership is most conducive to performance in female leader-male follower dyads compared with all other gender configurations. A multi-source field study (N = 214) provides partial support for our hypothesis. While our hypothesized effect was confirmed, respectful leadership seems to be generally effective for female leaders irrespective of follower gender, thus lending greater support in this context to the arguments of role congruity rather than gender dissimilarity.
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(2018): Respectful Inquiry: A Motivational Account of Leading Through Asking Questions and Listening. In: Academy of Management Review 43 (1), S. 5-27. DOI: 10.5465/amr.2014.0537
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2014.0537 Abstract: Practitioners repeatedly note that the everyday behavior of asking followers open questions and attentively listening to their responses is a powerful leadership technique. Yet, despite such popularity, these practices are currently undertheorized. Addressing this gap, we formally define the behavioral configuration of asking open questions combined with attentive listening as “respectful inquiry,” and we draw on self-determination theory to provide a motivational account of its antecedents, consequences, and moderators within a leader-follower relationship. Specifically, we argue that respectful inquiry principally satisfies followers’ basic psychological needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy. Against this background, we highlight “paradoxical” contexts where respectful inquiry is likely to be especially rare but would also be especially valuable. These paradoxical contexts include situations where interpersonal power difference, time pressure, physical distance, cognitive load, follower dissatisfaction, or organizational control focus is high. We additionally outline how the effect of respectful inquiry behaviors critically hinges on the interaction history a follower has with a leader. More generally, we suggest that the leadership field would benefit from complementing its traditional focus on “gestalt” leadership styles with research on concrete and narrow communicative behaviors, such as respectful inquiry.
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van Zomeren, Martijn; Dovidio, John F. (Hg.) (2018): The Oxford handbook of the human essence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press (Oxford library of psychology)
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(2018): The use of care robots in aged care: A systematic review of argument-based ethics literature. In: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 74, S. 15-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.014 Abstract: BACKGROUND As care robots become more commonplace in aged-care settings, the ethical debate on their use becomes increasingly important. Our objective was to examine the ethical arguments and underlying concepts used in the ethical debate on care robot use in aged care. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search for argument-based ethics publications focusing on care robot use in aged-care practices. We used an innovative methodology that consisted of three steps: (a) identifying conceptual-ethical questions, (b) conducting a literature search, and (c) identifying, describing and analyzing the ethical arguments in connection with the conceptual-ethical questions. RESULTS Twenty-eight appropriate publications were identified. All were published between 2002 and 2016. Four primary ethical approaches were distinguished: (a) a deontological, (b) a principlist, (c) an objective-list, and (d) a care-ethical. All approaches were equally represented across the articles, and all used similar concepts that grounded their diverse ethical arguments. A small group of publications could not be linked to an ethical approach. CONCLUSIONS All included publications presented a strong ethical rationale based on fully elaborated normative arguments. Although the reviewed studies used similar grounding concepts, the studies' arguments were very diverse and sometimes diametrically opposed. Our analysis shows how one envisions care robot use in aged-care settings is influenced by how one views the traditional boundaries of the ethical landscape in aged care. We suggest that an ethical analysis of care robot use employs "democratic spaces," in which all stakeholders in aged care, especially care recipients, have a voice in the ethical debate.
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(2018): An architecture for ethical robots inspired by the simulation theory of cognition. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 48, S. 56-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.04.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.04.002 Abstract: The expanding ability of robots to take unsupervised decisions renders it imperative that mechanisms are in place to guarantee the safety of their behaviour. Moreover, intelligent autonomous robots should be more than safe; arguably they should also be explicitly ethical. In this paper, we put forward a method for implementing ethical behaviour in robots inspired by the simulation theory of cognition. In contrast to existing frameworks for robot ethics, our approach does not rely on the verification of logic statements. Rather, it utilises internal simulations which allow the robot to simulate actions and predict their consequences. Therefore, our method is a form of robotic imagery. To demonstrate the proposed architecture, we implement a version of this architecture on a humanoid NAO robot so that it behaves according to Asimov’s laws of robotics. In a series of four experiments, using a second NAO robot as a proxy for the human, we demonstrate that the Ethical Layer enables the robot to prevent the human from coming to harm in simple test scenarios. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Interventions for the treatment of theory of mind deficits in schizophrenia: Systematic literature review. In: Psychiatry research 267, S. 37-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.001 Abstract: Theory of Mind (ToM) plays a central role in regulating social interactions and its impairment is consistently reported in schizophrenia. Regarding schizophrenia, ToM is usually discussed as a sub-domain of social cognition. Since social cognitive deficits have drawn the attention of researchers, a variety of novel treatment techniques and approaches targeting social cognitive deficits have been developed. Encouraging results have repeatedly been reported on the modifiability of social cognitive impairment through these techniques. However, emotional perception seems to be over-represented in these approaches at the expense of other areas, such as ToM. This article presents a systematic review on the social cognitive interventions of the last 10 years, which focused on the remediation of ToM or used techniques primarily focusing on one or more social cognitive domains other than ToM, but with hypothetical effects on it. The aim of our systematic review was to compare these intervention techniques in order to see how effective they are in the remediation of ToM, and to find the best techniques to ameliorate ToM deficits in schizophrenia. According to our findings targeted ToM intervention produced more improvement in ToM tasks, while data regarding non-ToM interventions showed contradictory results with limited effects on ToM.
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(2018) : Emotional Bodily Expressions for Culturally Competent Robots through Long Term Human-Robot Interaction: 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): Madrid: 10/1/2018 - 10/5/2018: Madrid, Spain: IEEE, S. 2008-2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2018.8593974 Abstract: Generating emotional bodily expressions for culturally competent robots has been gaining increased attention to enhance the engagement and empathy between robots and humans in a multi-culture society. In this paper, we propose an incremental learning model for selecting the user's representative or habitual emotional behaviors which place emphasis on individual users' cultural traits identified through long term interaction. Furthermore, a transformation model is proposed to convert the obtained emotional behaviors into a specific robot's motion space. To validate the proposed approach, the models were evaluated by two example scenarios of interaction. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed approach endows a social robot with the capability to learn emotional behaviors from individual users, and to generate its emotional bodily expressions. It was also verified that the imitated robot motions are rated emotionally acceptable by the demonstrator and recognizable by the subjects from the same cultural background with the demonstrator.
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(2018): The interplay of rules, asymmetries in language fluency, and team dynamics in culturally diverse teams. In: Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 25 (1), S. 157-182. DOI: 10.1108/CCSM-08-2016-0157
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-08-2016-0157 Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how newly formed culturally diverse project teams develop and implement rules, and how these processes may be affected by language-fluency asymmetries. Design/methodology/approach: Using a case-study research design, the authors investigated three multicultural project teams within a management integration program in a multinational company in France. Their complete data set includes 37.5 hours of observations and 49 hours of semi-structured interviews. Findings: Findings revealed that subgroups formed on the basis of language-fluency and this affected the development and implementation of rules. While rule-setting mechanisms emerged across teams, they varied in form. On the one hand, tightly structured rules emerged and rules were rigidly applied when there were greater language inequalities. In contrast, implicit behavior controls guided interactions when language-fluency subgroupings were less salient. The findings also revealed that the alignment of other individual attributes with language fluency reinforced subgroup divisions, further impacting the rule development and implementation processes. Practical implications: Understanding rule development and implementation in culturally diverse teams and how these processes are impacted by language disparities enables managers to help members develop more successful behavioral patterns by keeping language-fluency (and other) attributes in mind. Originality/value: The study extends and complements previous team research by providing in-depth insights into the process of rule development and implementation. It demonstrates the impact of language-fluency asymmetries and subgroup dynamics on these processes. The authors propose a model to capture the processes by which culturally diverse teams create rules, and how the rule-setting mechanisms might be moderated by faultlines such as language-based disparities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all r ights re served) zitiert von 1
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(2018): Respectful leadership. Analyses of its effects on followers. Dissertation. Hamburg
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(2018): Moral cognition and its basis in social cognition and social regulation.. New York: Guilford Press, zuletzt geprüft am 25.04.2018
Abstract: What is the basis of moral cognition? Moral judgments are grounded in a number of cognitive and social cognitive processes, which guide the social regulation of behavior and are, in turn, constrained by such regulation to be fair and evidence-based. Human beings live complex social lives, composed of various types of relationships across nested social hierarchies, all structured by rights, rules, and obligations. However, selfish goals persist, and keeping individuals’ goals in line with community interests has become the primary challenge of modern morality. To meet this challenge, human societies have developed two major social-cultural tools: a vast network of rules, norms, and values and complex social practices of norm enforcement, such as blame, praise, apology, and reconciliation. This kind of social-cultural morality has to be taught, learned, and enforced by community members, even by the youngest among them. Acquiring norms likely benefits from early-appearing prefere nces for prosocial agents over antisocial agents, but socially mature moral capacities rely heavily on nonmoral capacities: those of social cognition. Social cognition encompasses a hierarchy of interdependent concepts, processes, and skills that allow individuals to perceive, understand, and—most important for the present topic—evaluate one another. For example, norm enforcers infer the mental processes that generated a transgressive behavior (e.g., motive, belief, intention) before blaming the transgressor. The transgressor must likewise infer the mental processes that generated the social act of blaming (e.g., the norm enforcer’s goals, knowledge, and power of enforcing sanctions) when deciding to deny or admit, maintain or correct the norm-violating behavior. These, then, are the phenomena this chapter aims to illuminate. We show how the elements of social cognition ground people’s moral cognition and how social and moral cognition together guide the social regul ation of behavior by moral norms. We aim to identify the concepts, mechanisms, and practices that go into making various kinds of moral judgments and the forms and functions of socially expressing those judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 4
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(2018): Children conform, adults resist: A robot group induced peer pressure on normative social conformity. In: Science Robotics 3 (21). DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aat7111
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(2018): The Effect of Survey Mode on Socially Undesirable Responses to Open-ended Questions. In: Field Methods 30 (2), S. 105-123. DOI: 10.1177/1525822X18766284
Abstract: We estimate the difference in the chance of giving a socially undesirable response, one that violates social norms, by administration mode (online or in person) for a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ). We do this by evaluating open-ended responses to a photographic stimulus designed to generate undesirable responses. We test five variables: socially undesirable responses generally, blatant stereotyping, distaste, inappropriate descriptors, and the number of words in the response. The results show that, contrary to expectations, online SAQs are not more likely to produce socially undesirable responses generally, but online responses are less likely to contain blatant stereotyping. Responses from the online SAQs were longer, suggesting that respondents from the paper-and-pencil SAQs may have used stereotypes to bypass writing lengthy responses. The longer responses of online respondents enabled them to avoid stereotyping, thereby biasing their responses in an alternate way.
Keywords: Design -
(2018): Context-Aware Cloud Robotics for Material Handling in Cognitive Industrial Internet of Things. In: IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5 (4), S. 2272-2281. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2728722
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2017.2728722 Abstract: In the context of Industry 4.0, industrial roboticssuch as automated guided vehicles have drawn increased atten-tion due to their automation capabilities and low cost. Withthe support of cognitive technologies for industrial Internet ofThings (IoT), production processes can be significantly opti-mized and more intelligent manufacturing can be implementedfor smart factories. In this paper, for advanced material han-dling, a cognitive industrial entity called context-aware cloudrobotics (CACR) are introduced and analyzed. Compared withthe one-time on-demand delivery, CACR is characterized by twofeatures: 1) context-aware services and 2) effective load bal-ancing. First, the system architecture, advantages, challenges,and applications for CACR are introduced. Then, fundamentalfunctions for material handling are articulated, namely, decision-making mechanisms and cloud-enabled simultaneous localizationand mapping. Finally, a CACR case study is performed tohighlight its energy-efficient and cost-saving material handlingcapabilities. Simulations indicate the superiority of cognitiveindustrial IoT and show that using CACR for material handlingcan significantly improve energy efficiency and save cost.
Keywords: Handling & Technology, ieee xplore -
(2018): Trait anger and aggression. A moderated mediation model of anger rumination and moral disengagement. In: Personality and Individual Differences 125, S. 44-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.029
Abstract: Although trait anger has been shown to play an important role in aggression, little is known about mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. Based on the general aggression model, we investigated the mediating role of anger rumination in the association between trait anger and aggression and the moderating role of moral disengagement. Four hundred and sixty-four Chinese young adults completed the measures of trait anger, anger rumination, moral disengagement, and aggression. The results indicated that trait anger was significantly and positively associated with aggression and anger rumination mediated this relation. Moral disengagement moderated the relation between anger rumination and aggression and the relation between trait anger and aggression. Specifically, the significant relation between anger rumination and aggression only existed among high moral disengagement individuals and the relation between trait anger and aggression became weaker for high moral disengagement individuals.
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(2018): The influence of effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate on nurses' perceptions of nurse-physician collaboration in China. In: Applied nursing research: ANR 41, S. 73-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.04.005
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29853219 Abstract: BACKGROUND Nurse-physician collaboration is a critical prerequisite for high-quality care. Previous researchers have addressed multiple factors that influence collaboration. However, little of this research has explored the influence of interactional factors on nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration in China. AIMS To examine the influence of interactional factors (effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate) on nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 971 registered nurses in nine hospitals was conducted. An author-designed interactional factor questionnaire and the Nurse-Physician Collaboration Scale were used to collect data. Multiple regression analysis was used. RESULTS Nurse-physician collaboration was identified as at a moderate level (mean = 3.93 ± 0.68). Interactional factors (effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate) were identified as relatively moderate to high (mean = 4.03 ± 0.68, mean = 3.87 ± 0.75, mean = 4.50 ± 0.59, respectively). The results showed that effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate explained 57.3% of the variance in nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration (Adjusted R2 = 0.573, F = 435.563, P < 0.001). Perceived respect (β = 0.378) was the strongest factor relevant to nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration, second was effective communication (β = 0.315), and the weakest factor among these three factors was willingness to collaborate (β = 0.160). CONCLUSION Nurses' perceptions of collaboration were relatively positive, mainly in Sharing of patient information; however, improvements need to be made regarding Joint participation in the cure/care decision-making process. Effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate significantly affect nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration, with perceived respect having greater explanatory power among the three interactional factors. It is necessary for hospital managers to develop strategies to build professional respect for nurses, facilitate effective nurse-physician communication and improve nurses' willingness to collaborate.
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(2018): Influence of Embodiment and Substrate of Social Robots on Users’ Decision-Making and Attitude. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 2 (3). DOI: 10.1007/s12369-018-0510-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-018-0510-7 Abstract: We explored decision-making and attitudes from humans toward robots with different embodiments and substrates. Specifically, four types of robots were compared through experiments, namely, a virtual reality robot, an augmented reality robot, a physical robot, and a physical but tele-present robot that was displayed on a screen. For the experiments, 60 participants were divided into four groups to answer ten questions, and the robots provided advice about each question. Then, the participants chose whether to take the advice and their initial and final choices were registered. We measured each participant’s faith, attachment, social presence, and credibility toward the four robots through questionnaires. We found that the physical embodiment is significantly more favored by the participants, whereas the virtual embodiment is the less favored. Moreover, a robot sharing the same substrate as the participant is preferred over one not sharing the same substrate. These findings, their interpretation, and application to robots can lead to improved design and development of social robots. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Theory of mind across the lifespan?. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 226 (2), S. 136-138. DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000330
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000330 Abstract: Theory of mind develops from infancy to late life. We need to know more about that, including better information about progressions that characterize lifespan trajectories of understanding, and how humans understand both ordinary and extraordinary minds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Entwicklungspsychologie, theory of mind -
(2018) : Permanent connections around the globe : cross-cultural differences and intercultural linkages in POPC In: Reinecke, Leonard; Klimmt, Christoph; Vorderer, Peter; Hefner, Dorothée (Hg.): Permanently online, permanently connected : living and communicating in a POPC world: New York, NY; London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, S. 188-196. Online verfügbar unter https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319623199_Permanent_connections_around_the_globe, zuletzt geprüft am 13.09.2019
Abstract: As mobile communication has come to take a central role in our daily lives, people spend more and more time with their gaze directed at their communication devices. This has made it easy to believe that everyone is really permanently connected to everyone else and permanently online. We tend to forget that the world outside of our smartphones and tablets still asserts its power on whom we can communicate with and how we do so. It is often said that we can communicate and collaborate with anyone, anytime, regardless of physical and social distance and that technology has “flattened” the world and made communication possible where it was once impossible. And while it is true that the collaboration across borders, space, and time is easier and more frequent, the world is not a global village. This chapter will examine some factors that restrict communication across borders and cultures and that therefore serve as boundary conditions for POPC. The long lines of business travelers in airports throughout the world attest that such obstacles to online communication continue to be significant enough to justify the expense and hardship of traveling around the world for face-to-face meetings.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik) -
(2018): Harry Potter and the First Order of Business. Using Simulation to Teach Social Justice and Disability Ethics in Business Communication. In: Business and Professional Communication Quarterly 81 (1), S. 85-99. DOI: 10.1177/2329490617748691
Abstract: Despite the excellent work by scholars who invite us to consider disability, social justice, and business and professional communication pedagogy, little attention has been given to what a disability- and social-justice-centered business and professional communication course might look like in design and implementation. This case study offers an example of a simulation based within the Harry Potter universe that emphasizes the ways disability advocacy and civic engagement manifest themselves in foundational business writing theories and practices. This simulation enabled students to engage with social justice issues by understanding access as an essential part of business and professional communication.
Keywords: Design -
(2018): Pervasive, hard-wired and male. Qualitative study of how UK adolescents view alcohol-related aggression. In: PLoS one 13 (2). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191269
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29408910 Abstract: Laboratory studies of alcohol-inexperienced adolescents show that aggression can be primed by alcohol-related stimuli, suggesting that alcohol-related aggression is partly socially learned. Script theory proposes that alcohol-related aggression 'scripts' for social behaviors are culturally-available and learned by individuals. The purpose of the study was to understand the content and origins of alcohol-related aggression scripts learned by adolescents. This qualitative focus group study of 40 adolescents (ages 14-16 years) examined alcohol-related aggression scripts. Participants believed aggression and severe injury to be pervasive when young people drink. Viewed through a biological lens, participants described aggression as an 'instinctive' and 'hard-wired' male trait facilitated by intoxication. As such, alcohol-related aggression was not seen as intended or personally controllable and participants did not see it in moral terms. Females were largely viewed as either bystanders of inter-male aggression or potential victims of male sexual aggression. Participants attributed their views on the frequency and nature of alcohol-related aggression to current affairs and reality television, which they felt portrayed a reality of which they had little experience. The origins of the explicitly biological frameworks that participants used seemed to lie in pre-existing beliefs about the nature of gender differences. Perceptions of the pervasiveness of male alcohol-related aggression, and the consequent failure to view alcohol-related aggression in moral terms, could dispose some young people to alcohol-related aggression. Interventions could target (1) the beliefs that alcohol-related aggression is pervasive and uncontrollable in males, and (2) participants' dysfunctional views of masculinity that underpin those beliefs.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Aggression, Alcohol Drinking, Alkohol, Annahme, dass Alkoholisiertheit das Verhalten unsteuerbar macht, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, Disziplin, Einfluss von Medien, Einfluss von Vorurteilen, Geschlechterrollen, Humans, Male, Psychologie, script, script theory, social behaviour, socially learned, sozial erlerntes Verhalten, sozial konstruiert, Soziologie, United Kingdom -
(2018): A new look at the attribution of moral responsibility. The underestimated relevance of social roles. In: Philosophical Psychology 31 (4), S. 595-608. DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2018.1429592
Abstract: What are the main features that influence our attribution of moral responsibility? It is widely accepted that there are various factors which strongly influence our moral judgments, such as the agent’s intentions, the consequences of the action, the causal involvement of the agent, and the agent’s freedom and ability to do otherwise. In this paper, we argue that this picture is incomplete: We argue that social roles are an additional key factor that is radically underestimated in the extant literature. We will present an experiment to support this claim.
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(2018): The role of the media in developing a shared moral understanding. In: The Social Science Journal 55 (1), S. 34-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.soscij.2018.02.011
Abstract: Over the last few decades, research has shown that media outlets are good at telling people what to think about, fulfilling what researchers call the agenda-setting role of the media. To that end, media outlets from social media to newspapers can play a pivotal role in developing a shared moral understanding.
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(2018) : Towards Proactive Health-enabling Living Environments: Simulation-based Study and Research Challenges In: ARCS: ARCS Workshop 2018; 31th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems: Berlin, Germany: Axel Springer SE, S. 1-8. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8385433/
Abstract: Nowadays, information and communication technology (ICT) has become a key driver for future health-enabling and ambient assisted living technologies. These future health-enabling living environments proactively anticipate the inhabitants' needs and adapt their behaviour accordingly. They further continuously monitor the behaviour of the inhabitants and may call in support in suspicious cases. In this article, we present an architectural blueprint for such a proactive living environment and highlight the corresponding challenges for research in the field. Afterwards, we present a simulation as experimental platform for learning the daily routine of inhabitants of a flat-sharing community of senior citizens. The experimental evaluation highlights that probably unusual behaviour of persons can be detected using a probabilistic approach, which may serve as an indicator for external support.
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(2018): Normative expectations about fairness. The development of a charity norm in preschoolers. In: Journal of experimental child psychology 165, S. 66-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.03.016
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28477951 Abstract: This study investigated preschool children's normative expectations about the fair distribution of resources. We examined whether preschool children have a norm of charity, that is, a norm to give more to poor individuals than to wealthy individuals. To this end, we presented 3- to 6-year-olds (N=81) with two different resource allocation situations. In one situation, an agent complied with a norm of charity by allocating more resources to a poor recipient than to a rich recipient. In the other situation, a different agent violated the norm by allocating more resources to a wealthy recipient. We assessed (a) children's verbal protest and affirmation during the resource allocation situations, (b) their punishing and rewarding behavior toward the agents, and (c) their evaluations of the agents' behavior. The results show that older (5- and 6-year-old) preschool children enforced norm-compliant behavior and protested against the norm violation of the protagonist who gave more items to the wealthy recipient, but this was not the case in younger preschool children. These findings demonstrate that older preschool children consider charity as a norm and enforce this norm toward third parties.
Keywords: Child, Child Behavior/psychology, Child, Preschool, Entstehung von Normen, Entwicklungspsychologie, Fairness, Female, Gerechtigkeit, Gerechtigkeit in Bezug auf demographische Observablen, Gleichverteilung, Humans, Male, Moral Development, Normenwandel, Psychology, Child, Punishment, Resource Allocation, Reward, Social Justice/psychology, Social Norms, Werte