Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Supplemental Material for Unethical and Inept?. The Influence of Moral Information on Perceptions of Competence. In: Journal of personality and social psychology, S. 195-210. DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000097.supp
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000097.supp Abstract: While moral character heavily influences global evaluations of others (Goodwin, Piazza, & Rozin, 2014), its causal effect on perceptions of others’ competence (i.e., one’s knowledge, skills, and abilities) is less clear. We found that people readily use information about another’s morality when judging their competence, despite holding folk intuitions that these domains are independent. Across 6 studies (n = 1,567), including 2 preregistered experiments, participants judged targets who committed hypothetical transgressions (Studies 1 and 3), cheated on lab tasks (Study 2), acted selfishly in economic games (Study 4), and received low morality ratings from coworkers (Study 5 and 6) as less competent than control or moral targets. These findings were specific to morality and were not the result of incidentally manipulating impressions of warmth (Study 4), nor were they fully explained by a general halo effect (Studies 2 and 3). We hypothesized that immoral targets are seen as less competent because their immoral actions led them to be viewed as low in social intelligence. Studies 4 and 5 supported this prediction, demonstrating that social intelligence was a more reliable mediator than perceptions of self-control or general intelligence. An experimental test of this mediation argument found that presenting targets as highly socially intelligent eliminated the negative effect of immoral information on judgments of competence (Study 6). These results suggest that information about a person’s moral character readily influences perceptions of their competence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
2017
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(2017): Interkulturelle Qualifizierung im Rahmen des Hochschulstudiums in Deutschland. Dissertation. Berlin: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftliche Fakultät. Online verfügbar unter http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/hoessler-ulrich-2017-01-31/PDF/hoessler.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 30.04.2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18452/17721 Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, ein Modell interkultureller Qualifizierung im Rahmen des Hochschulstudiums in Deutschland zu generieren. Im theoretischen Teil wird der Qualifizie-rungsbegriff in Bezug zum Qualifizierungsziel interkulturelle Kompetenz und zum Anwen-dungskontext Hochschulstudium in Deutschland erörtert sowie das Thema innerhalb der Erzie-hungswissenschaften verortet. Auf die Themen interkulturelle Kompetenz und interkulturelles Lernen wird gesondert eingegangen. Darauf aufbauend werden im empirischen Tiel die zwei durchgeführten Studien beschrieben und abschließend die Ergebnisse interpretiert. Aus einer qualitativ-explorativen Interviewbefragung von 18 ehemaligen Teilnehmenden am Zusatzstudi-um Internationale Handlungskompetenz der Regensburger Hochschulen und einer quantitativ-explanativen Fragebogenstudie mit 129 damals aktuellen Teilnehmenden am Ende des Zusatz-studiums konnten relevante Eingangsbedingungen, Lernprozesse und Wirkungen sowie Kon-trollvariablen interkultureller Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen identifiziert werden. Die identifizierten Variablen werden zu den fünf Nutzungsprofilen interkultureller Qualifizierung 1) Sensibilisie-rung, 2) kognitive Anwendung, 3) Aktivierung, 4) aktionale Anwendung und 5) Potenzierung zusammengefasst. In einem Transfermodell werden die Nutzungsprofile schießlich in Bezug auf Wissenstransfer und Handlungstransfer verortet und in einem Input-Prozess-Output-Modell auf-steigend angeordnet. Das Ergebnis der Arbeit besteht somit in einem theoretisch fundierten und empirisch geprüften lern- und handlungstheoretischen Modell interkultureller Qualifizierung, das exemplarisch Bedingungen, Prozessverläufe und Wirkungen interkultureller Qualifizie-rungsmaßnahmen an deutschen Hochschulen beschreibt und dadurch Anwendungswissen für Konzeption, Implementation und Evaluation weiterer bestehender und geplanter interkultureller Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen bietet. This study aims at generating an input-process-output model of intercultural qualification in the context of academic education in Germany. The theoretical framework consists of defining in-tercultural qualification and localizing the topic within educational sciences. The topics intercul-tural competence and intercultural learning are discussed separately. There were two empirical studies: 1) 18 former participants of the Extracurricular Study Program for Intercultural Compe-tence at the Regensburg universities have been interviewed about the program’s learning pro-cesses and learning outcomes. Resulting data were analysed using qualitative methods, yielding a set of hypotheses on relations between preconditions, processes and outcomes of intercultural qualification. 2) At the end of the program, 129 participants completed a questionnaire con-structed on the results of the interview study producing quantitative data. Relevant input, pro-cess and output variables could be identified and were integrated into five user profiles: 1) sensi-tisation, 2) cognitive application, 3) activation, 4) behavioral application, and 5) potentialisation. These profiles were finally arranged in relation to knowledge transfer and behavioral transfer, thus yielding a transfer model of intercultural qualification, and were put in ascending order in an input-process-output model. This theoretically founded and empirically tested model de-scribes exemplarily preconditions, learning processes, learning outcomes, and control variables of intercultural qualification in the context of academic education in Germany. It can be used as a theoretical framework for further research or conceptualisation, implementation, and evalua-tion of intercultural qualification programs.
Keywords: AL 17900, Bildung, competence, Curriculum, didactic, Didaktik, educational sciences, Employability, erfahrungsorientiert, Erziehungswissenschaft, Evaluation, experiential, formal, formell, higher education, Hochschule, implicit, implizit, informal, informell, Intercultural, Intercultural communication, intercultural competence, interkulturell, Interkulturelle Kommunikation, Interkulturelle Kompetenz, internationalisation, Internationalisierung, key qualifikation, Kompetenz, Kompetenzerwerb, Learning, learning process, Lernen, Lernprozess, model, Modell, Pädagogik, pedagogic, qualification, Qualifizierung, Schlüsselqualifikation, Schul- und Bildungswesen, situated cognition, situiert, Unterricht, vergleichend -
(2017): Emotional intelligence predicts peer-rated social competence above and beyond personality traits. In: Current Issues in Personality Psychology 5 (2), S. 91-101. DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2017.64490
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2017.64490 Abstract: Background: This study investigated the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and social competences (SC), which determine effective functioning in three types of social situations: intimate situations, situations of social exposure and situations requiring self-assertion. Social competences were assessed using a peer nomination method. It was hypothesized that trait EI predicts SC above and beyond personality traits. Participants and Procedure: Data were collected from among 111 adolescents (46.95% girls). The study was conducted among five classes from three public high schools. Participants first completed the Personality Inventory NEO-FFI and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF). Subsequently, the descriptions of three different persons were presented to the participants. Each description concerned one of the SC: intimate competence, social exposure competence and assertive competence. Participants were asked to nominate three classmates who suited each description best. Results: A series of hierarchical regression analyses was performed. Personality traits and trait EI were regressed on each competence. Analyses involved two-step hierarchical regressions, entering personality traits at step 1 and adding trait EI at step 2. The results demonstrated that personality traits explained a substantial portion of the variance in each SC. Beyond these variables, trait EI was significant as a predictor of nominations for each SC, explaining an additional amount of the unique variance. Conclusions: The results complement existing evidence that trait EI contributes to successful social functioning. The relationships between trait EI and SC remained statistically significant even after controlling for Big Five variance. The results demonstrate incremental validity of trait EI over and above personality traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
2016
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(2016): Lernkultur und Kompetenzentwicklung. In: Personal quarterly 68 (2), S. 6-8
Abstract: Im Gesprach mit Karlheinz Sonntag wird die Bedeutung der Organisationskultur fur die Kompetenzentwicklung von Beschaftigten auf betrieblicher und individueller Ebene beleuchtet. Neben Voraussetzungen einer Erfassung der Lernkultur, die eine Ableitung fundierter Human-Resource-Aktivitaten ermoglicht, werden Wechselwirkungen zwischen Lernkultur und Kompetenzentwicklung betrachtet. Daruber hinaus wird auf die Rolle von Fuhrungskraften bei der Pflege von Lernkultur und der Ausgestaltung forderlicher Lernumgebungen, den Nutzen von Kompetenzmanagementsystemen und notwendige Kompetenzen im Zusammenhang mit einer zunehmenden Flexibilisierung der Arbeitsverhaltnisse eingegangen.
2014
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(2014): Investigating social competence in students with high intelligence. ProQuest Information & Learning, US.
Abstract: Social competence is vital for healthy development (Canto-Sperber & Dupuy, 2001; Spence, Barrett & Tuner, 2003). Beginning in childhood and heavily influenced by culture, social competence develops as we combine personal and environmental resources for positive social outcomes and includes the absence of negative behaviors alongside the presence of positive behaviors (Bierman & Welsh, 2008; Davidson, 2001). Social competence is particularly demonstrated through our verbal and nonverbal communication skills with others: categorized as pragmatic language. Often introduced in kindergarten, these skills include how to greet others, take turns, make requests, interpret cues and respond appropriately to others. Intellectual functioning has a role in social competence. While individuals may have the capacity to use long complex sentences with correct grammar, if they have not mastered the rules for social language their ability to communicate may be impaired. Most studies of the psychological characteristics of students with high intelligence have not demonstrated clinical symptoms beyond those of the general population, yet the absence of significant differences in clinical symptoms are often equated to having social competence (Lehman & Erdwins, 1985; Neihart, Reis, Robinson, & Moon, 2002; Rimm, 1995; Robinson, Lanzi, Weinberg, Ramey, & Ramey, 2002; Rose-Krasner, 2006). While the connection between communication skills and social competence is known for the general population and for students with diagnosed social difficulties, little is known about either the social competence of students with high intelligence, or the role pragmatic language skills have in their observed social competence (Merrell, Merz, Johnson, & Ring, 1992). This study replicates earlier research by affirming a negative relationship between high intelligence and psychopathology and poor social competence, yet goes beyond mere quantification of these characteristics to investigate the presence of underlying social language skills and association between pragmatic language and social competence. Multisource indices of social competence, clinical pathology and pragmatic language were gathered on a sample of 79 children, aged 7–10 years with intelligence quotient scores above 130 (FSIQ ≥ 130). Parents report lower incidence of clinically defined internalizing, externalizing and total problems for these students when compared to the general population. While students’ scores on the measure of pragmatic language did not predict their scores on the measure of social competence, they did demonstrate less frequency of clinical scores on pragmatic language than the general population and teachers report them as being more adjusted to school. This study contributes significantly to the literature by providing objective evidence of psychopathology, social competence and pragmatic language for a quantifiable sample of students with high intelligence. Methodological considerations are discussed, as are implications for further research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: clinical pathology, clinical scores, clinical symptoms, cognitive ability, communication skills, competence, correct grammar, diagnosed social difficulties, Entwicklungspsychologie, environmental resources, Gesundheit, healthy development, Intellectual functioning, Intelligence, intelligence quotient scores, Kommunikation, Language Disorders, language skills, lower incidence, Methodological considerations, Social intelligence, Social Skills, Soziale Intelligenz 2012
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(2012): Power, defensive denigration, and the assuaging effect of gratitude expression. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 48 (3), S. 778-782. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.12.016
Abstract: This article examines the interactive effects of power, competency threats, and gratitude expression on the tendency to denigrate others. The results of two experiments indicate that (1) power holders whose competence has been threatened are more likely than others to denigrate interaction partners, and (2) receiving gratitude expression has self-affirming effects for insecure power holders. Experiment 1 demonstrated that high-power, but not low-power, individuals who received threatening feedback about their competence denigrated the competence of their partners. Importantly, this tendency was ameliorated when subordinates expressed gratitude for previous help provided from the power holder. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the ameliorating effect of gratitude expression on threatened power holders' tendency to denigrate subordinates is mediated by increased perceptions of social worth. Implications for research on power, gratitude expression, and the self are discussed. zitiert von 22
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Rasmussen, Gitte (2012): Evaluating cognitive competences in interaction. Amsterdam: Benjamins (Pragmatics & beyond)
Abstract: Evaluation is a part of everyday life. Competences, knowledge and skills are assessed in ordinary as well as in institutional settings like hospitals, clinics and schools. This volume investigates how evaluations are being carried out interactionally. More specifically, it explores how people evaluate each others' cognitive competences as they deal with each others' understandings, knowings, feelings, doings, hearings and learnings face-to-face. The contributions focus on different evaluation activities in a variety of Institutional settings in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Holland and the United States of America. All the contributions approach the theme by use of Ethnomethodology (EM) and/or Conversation Analysis (CA). Thus, the analytic interests concern how participants organize activities of evaluating cognitive competences by means of recognizable interactional methods. This approach differs from other approaches and research interests within cognitive science as it con centrate s on how people in interaction orient towards cognitive competence irrespective of scientific theories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 3
2011
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(2011): Friend or Foe, Champ or Chump?. Social Conformity and Superiority Goals Activate Warmth-Versus Competence-Based Social Categorization Schemas. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 3 (4), S. 471-478. DOI: 10.1177/1948550611427357
Abstract: Evaluations of individuals and social groups refer to two basic dimensions of social judgment: warmth and competence. Although previous research has explored the antecedents and consequences of these evaluations, there is a lack of understanding of the conditions under which warmth and competence information is used for social categorization in the first place. The present research developed a novel measure of individuals' tendencies to categorize persons in terms of competence versus warmth and tested whether these tendencies are predicted by chronic (Study 1, N = 301) and experimentally induced (Study 2, N = 69) social conformity and superiority goals. Social conformity goals predicted greater relative use of warmth information, while superiority goals predicted greater relative use of competence information in categorizing persons. These findings attest to the relevance of chronic as well as contextually induced goals at an early stage of social information processing related to social categorization. zitiert von 10
2008
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(2008) : Emotional and social intelligence competencies In: Ashkanasy, Neal M.; Cooper, Cary L.; Ashkanasy, Neal M. (Ed); Cooper, Cary L. (Ed) (Hg.): Research companion to emotion in organizations: Northampton, MA, US: Edward Elgar Publishing, S. 226-244
Abstract: Human talent has many components from values to traits to skills. These elements are conceptualized, defined, and measured in many ways. Often attributed to a statement by Edward Thorndike in the 1920s, efforts to explore deep capability have been linked to various forms of 'intelligence' beyond cognitive. In contrast to the cognitive realm, these alternatives are using the term 'intelligence' to connote a core or basic capability of the individual as it applies to various aspects of human comportment. Emotional and social intelligence competencies are a behavioral manifestation of two of these sets of abilities. Research published over the last 30 years or so shows us that outstanding leaders, managers, advanced professionals and people in key jobs, from sales to bank tellers, appear to require three clusters of behavioral habits as threshold abilities and three clusters of competencies as distinguishing outstanding performance. The threshold clusters of competencies include: expertise and experience is a threshold level of competency; knowledge (i.e., declarative, procedural, functional and metacognitive) is a threshold competency; and an assortment of basic cognitive competencies, such as memory and deductive reasoning are threshold competencies. This chapter is an exploration of the competency, or behavioral approach to emotional and social intelligence. Let us first start with how they are defined, determined and measured. Are competencies enough for outstanding performance? No, so let us look at the larger picture for the role of competencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: behavioral approach, cognitive competencies, competence, competencies, Emotional Intelligence, Emotionsforschung, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Intelligence, Kognitionswissenschaften, Organizational behavior, Social intelligence, Soziale Intelligenz, Sozialpsychologie, Verhaltensforschung -
(2008) : Sozialisation sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen In: Hurrelmann, Klaus: Handbuch Sozialisationsforschung: 7., vollst. überarb. Aufl.: Weinheim [u.a.]: Beltz (Pädagogik), S. 410-423
Abstract: Es wird im Überblick informiert über die Sozialisation sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen. Sozialisation wird verstanden als ein konstruktiver Prozess, der sich auf dem Hintergrund der kulturellen Lebenswelt in den vielfältigen sozialen Beziehungen in der Familie, in der Welt der Gleichaltrigen und in der institutionalisierten Erziehung vollzieht. Zunächst wird die Rolle kultureller Erfahrungen für die Entwicklung sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen am Beispiel der moralischen Urteilskompetenz aufgezeigt. Dann werden Sozialisationsprozesse in der Familie und in der Gruppe der Gleichaltrigen diskutiert. Abschließend werden Möglichkeiten der Förderung sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen im Kontext der institutionalisierten Erziehung dargestellt. Es wird besonders hervorgehoben, dass demokratische und partizipatorische Strukturen die Entwicklung der kognitiven und affektiven Aspekte sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen fördern. zitiert von 13
2004
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(2004): Fördert Gruppendiskussion die Perspektiven-Koordination?. In: Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 36 (1), S. 30-37. DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637.36.1.30
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637.36.1.30 Abstract: Social cognition is considered an important condition of social competence. According to the interpersonal negotiation strategies model of Selman, social cognitions are described with respect to steps of social information processing and to level of perspective coordination. Perspective coordination may be promoted by peer interaction, especially by dilemma discussions as known from the field of moral education. With a pre-post control group design it is investigated whether small group dilemma discussions on conflict examples promote levels of perspective coordination in the post-test conflict examples. The result of the study show that members of the small discussion groups had higher post-test scores in perspective coordination regarding two of the four information processing steps compared to participants of the individualistic condition. Effects were independent from cognitive abilities. Further more, the level of three of the four steps correlated with teachers' rat ing of p articipants' social behavior measured before the intervention. Further research questions and practical applications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 15
2002
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(2002): Soziale Kompetenz - Definition, Strukturen und Prozesse. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 210 (4), S. 154-163. DOI: 10.1026//0044-3409.210.4.154
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1026//0044-3409.210.4.154 Abstract: Social competence is a prominent object of psychological research since many years. We discuss the basics of this research. First, we differentiate between social competence and social competent behavior, describe the natur of social competence and define it in contrast to related concepts like social intelligence. Second, we elaborate the structure of social competence which can be seen as a mix of single competencies. Third, a modell is presented, which describes the prosess from competence to competent behavior. Beside this we discuss research problems as well as research questions for the future.
Keywords: Begriffe, competence, Concepts, definition & differentiation & structure & model of genesis of socially competent behavior, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, Kompetenz, Psychological Terminology, Psychologische Terminologie, Modelle, MODELS, Social Behavior, social competence & socially competent behavior, Social intelligence, social psychology, Social Skills, Soziale Fertigkeiten, soziales Verhalten, Sozialpsychologie, topics for future research
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