Alle Publikationen
- <<
- <
- 1
2017
-
(2017): The relationship between gender and mobile technology use in collaborative learning settings. An empirical investigation. In: Computers & Education 113, S. 61-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2017.05.005
Abstract: Mobile technology offers educators new potential for course and learning material construction. Empirical best practices research is scarce, particularly in secondary and higher education settings. This article provides a field experiment using a 2 (individual vs. group) x 2 (text vs. video) design in a secondary school context with students engaged in learning activities related to either text or video content on mobile devices. We structured material to benefit either individual or collaborative learning practices and examined gender as a critical factor to understand ways to improve teaching approaches. The study used an ANOVA with repeated measures to understand impacts of various attributes on outcomes such as material experience duration, perceived peer influenced learning, satisfaction, perceived understanding, and performance. This study provides empirical evidence in a mobile learning environment that suggests female students engaged in group learning modes, supported with video material, had different engagement patterns than male students. Females spent more time in the application consistent with earlier research suggesting females are more likely to use strategies such as active listening, asking questions, and soliciting input. In addition, female students engaged in group learning mode, supported with video material, had higher peer-influenced learning scores than male students. Holistically, this evidence supports the view that females use learning strategies that benefit from group learning and features provided by mobile technologies. The results help direct future research regarding design and implementation of learning in secondary school settings and may help remove gender disparities. zitiert von 2
Keywords: Cooperative/collaborative learning, Gender, Gender Studies, Geschlechterforschung, Gruppenverhalten, Human-computer interface, Improving classroom teaching, Lerntheorien, Mensch-Technik-Relation, Mobile learning, Multimedia/hypermedia systems, science direct, Secondary education, Teaching/learning strategies -
(2017): Power, Dominance and Homosocial Solidarity in Young Men’s Cyber Talk. In: Akademika 87 (1), S. 327-342. DOI: 10.17576/akad-2017-8701-25
Abstract: Men and women speak differently as their linguistic behavior reflects their gender identity and signifies their position in the society. This article discusses the conversational style of men in the online communication environment, using the Kiesling's framework of men's language. A documentation of naturally occurring conversations on Facebook was made over a 12-month period whereby data is categorized and analysed using Content Analysis, WordSmith Tools 5.0 and MS Word Advanced Find Function. Purposive sampling was employed in selecting the participants. The sample consisted of 60 males and 60 females to allow for comparison. Language produced by the male participants, however, remained as the central issue of the analysis as well as discussion. If Kiesling's framework discusses men's language from the western sociocultural perspectives, findings of the present research indicated a list of variables of men's discourse in the specific context of the Malaysian online communication environment. Apart from that, the findings have demonstrated some culturally-embedded elements of power, dominance, and homosocial solidarity as well as a strong use of masculine speech forms in this specific context of male's interaction. Finally, the findings have also suggested some significant aspects of men's discourse in the specific context of the Malaysian online communication environment.
Keywords: dominance, Gender, Gender Studies, Genderabhängigkeit, Konversationsanalyse, Linguistik, Sprache 2016
-
(2016): Status, Sex, and Smiling. In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 16 (3), S. 531-540. DOI: 10.1177/0146167290163011
Abstract: Based on previous work showing that sex is a "diffuse status cue" (Berger, Rosenholtz, & Zelditch, 1980), the hypothesis that women smile more than men because of status differences between the sexes was evaluated Status was manipulated by assigning men and women to the roles of interviewer (high power) or applicant (low power) in simulated job interviews with either male or female partners. As predicted, overall, applicants smiled more than interviewers, demonstrating that smiling does reflect status. However, the sex composition of the pairs also influenced smiling frequency. Male interviewers smiled significantly less than their applicant partners, whereas female interviewers did not. The results suggest that, compared with females, males may more readily experience power and dominance as concomitants of high-status roles, which may then be reflected in the frequency of their smiling.
2015
-
(2015): ‘Guys don’t whale away at the women’. Etiquette and gender relations in contemporary mixed-doubles tennis. In: Sport in Society 19 (8-9), S. 1214-1233. DOI: 10.1080/17430437.2015.1067773
Abstract: This article examines recent developments in etiquette in contemporary mixed-doubles tennis (MDT), to position different behavioural expectations for men/women in the broader context of shifting gender relations. Content analysis of coaching guides published from the 1960-1980s revealed that historically rooted gender distinctions in terms of court positioning, tactics, and playing roles/expectations were reaffirmed, continuing to undermine and marginalize females yet privilege males based on assumed innate differences in physical attributes. Etiquette norms in this era were compared to those found in the early twenty-first century (2000-2010s), through content analysis of online forums/blogs for recreational and elite-level MDT. It was found that while gendered tactics related to court positioning and playing roles were sustained, an important shift in etiquette norms related to chivalry occurred, but was not comprehensively accepted among all players. This development was attributed to third-wave feminist challenges to male chivalry, alongside the burgeoning crisis of masculinity' that increasingly pushed men towards adopting a hybridized masculinity' to assuage public critiques of hegemonic/orthodox masculinity in sport.
2014
-
(2014): Subclinical Bias, Manners, and Moral Harm. In: Hypatia 29 (2), S. 287-302. DOI: 10.1111/hypa.12026
Abstract: Mundane and often subtle forms of bias generate harms that can be fruitfully understood as akin to the harms evident in rudeness. Although subclinical expressions of bias are not mere rudeness, like rudeness they often manifest through the breach of mannerly norms for social cooperation and collaboration. At a basic level, the perceived harm of mundane forms of bias often has much to do with feeling oneself unjustly or arbitrarily cut out of a group, a group that cooperates and collaborates but does not do so with me. Appealing to the subtle but familiar choreography of mannered social interaction, I argue, makes it easier to recognize how exclusion can be accomplished through slight but symbolically significant gestures and styles of interaction, where bias manifests not in announced hostility but in an absence of the cooperation and collaboration upon which we rely socially.
2011
-
(2011): Managing confrontational situations. Japanese male superiors’ interactional styles in directive discourse in the workplace. In: Journal of Pragmatics 43 (6), S. 1689-1706. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.11.008
Abstract: Much of the previous research on directive usage of Japanese individuals in leadership positions at work largely suggests gender differences in language use that are closely related to gender stereotypes. Conversely, Western scholarship on this topic maintains that regardless of gender, superiors in an institutional hierarchy draw on both normatively masculine and feminine interactional styles. This study will further explore this topic, and will contribute to the development of Japanese language and gender scholarship, by focusing on Japanese male superiors' interactional styles in confrontational situations in directive discourse. Contrary to the outcomes of previous research on Japanese directive use in workplaces, this study reveals that male superiors adopt linguistic resources that are associated with both stereotypical masculine and feminine interactional styles and strategically manipulate them so as to persuade subordinates to achieve institutional objectives, as well as to maintain good workplace relationships. Hence, this study, confirming claims made in Western research on language and gender, suggests that (1) myriad contextual parameters powerfully influence the speaker's choice of language in a given context; the gender of the speaker is not the only component that determines linguistic practices; and therefore, (2) actual practices do not necessarily or exclusively conform to gender stereotypes.
2010
-
(2010): Visual Dominance and Visual Egalitarianism. Individual and Group-Level Influences of Sex and Status in Group Interactions. In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 34 (3), S. 137-153. DOI: 10.1007/s10919-010-0088-8
Abstract: This study investigated visual dominance and visual egalitarianism of men and women (N = 94; 17 teams) in team meetings at diverse workplaces. Two novel gaze-related measures were developed: (a) a group visual dominance ratio (group-VDR) assessing each member's visual dominance vis-A -vis all other members, and (b) a gaze distribution index (GDI) assessing each member's visual egalitarianism to all group members. Multilevel analyses were conducted to account for influences of the team members' sex and status on the individual level and for influences of sex and status composition of the teams, and the team leaders' sex on the group level. Results suggested that high-status individuals displayed more visual dominance than low-status individuals. The significant interaction of individuals' sex and status indicated that the positive relationship of status and visual dominance applied particularly to women. The more women in a team, the more visual dominance was displayed. The team leader's sex significantly influenced visual egalitarianism: Gaze distribution was less egalitarian when the team leader was male.
2008
-
(2008): Behind the Blue Wall of Silence. In: Men and Masculinities 12 (2), S. 250-257. DOI: 10.1177/1097184X09334700
Abstract: Much has been reported in the media and depicted in the popular culture that purports to describe the so-called "Blue Wall of Silence," a phenomenon that suggests that the police engage in a pervasive pattern of deception and withholding of the truth in ritual cover-up for their brethren. This writing suggests that there exists within the subculture of policing an idiosyncratic construct of masculinity that privileges tacit conspiracies of silence. This cult of masculinity validates normative heterosexuality, hierarchical regimentation, homosocial bonding, homophobia, and paternalistic misogyny. Silences are maintained, supported, and endorsed in a reflexive and unspoken means of obstructing evaluation of officer conduct by interlopers who (the subculture suggests) have little appreciation for or understanding of the danger, adversity, and peril that consume the working lives of the police. The essay attempts to articulate the underlying aspects of this idiosyncratic subculture that countenance bonding and subsequent silences.
2005
-
(2005): Liberal decorum and men in conflict. Rome, 1871-90. In: Journal of Modern Italian Studies 10 (3), S. 281-296
Abstract: This essay examines court cases involving insult to a public official, which came before the local courts in Rome in the second half of the nineteenth century. It underlines the gendered character of this particular offence, which was committed almost exclusively by men. The analysis correlates two aspects of these cases: the first is the context of the offenses, characterized by the application of a detailed set of local police regulations, and experienced as a limitation of masculine personal liberty. The second aspect relates to the institutional organization of the police forces and the masculine identity of the officers themselves. The combination of these two elements during interactions between population and the police forces meant that the subjects’ gender became more significant than other variables (such as social class), to the extent that these interactions took on the inflections of a performative ‘face-off’. In this way the variable of gender brings into question the traditional reading of public order in the Liberal era as the product of a policy of containment of the popular classes.
2003
-
(2003): Gender and politeness. 1. publ. Cambridge u.a.: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: Gender and Politeness challenges the notion that women are necessarily always more polite than men as much of the language and gender literature claims. Sara Mills discusses the complex relations between gender and politeness and argues that although there are circumstances when women speakers, drawing on stereotypes of femininity to guide their behaviour, will appear to be acting in a more polite way than men, there are many circumstances where women will act just as impolitely as men. The book aims to show that politeness and impoliteness are in essence judgements about another's interventions in an interaction and about that person as whole, and are not simple classifications of particular types of speech. Drawing on the notion of community of practice Mills examines the way that speakers negotiate with what they perceive to be gendered stereotypes circulating within their particular group.
2000
-
(2000): Meaning Well and Global Good Manners. Reflections on White Western Feminist Cross-cultural Praxis. In: Australian Feminist Studies 15 (33), S. 387-399. DOI: 10.1080/713611987
Abstract: In this article we want to engage with white feminist praxis. Reflecting our own positionings, we bring together some issues raised in cross-cultural encounters between black, Indigenous, and Third World feminists on the one hand, and white Western middle-class feminists on the other. In so doing we range from international development contexts, engagements between Indigenous and non-Indigenous feminists in Australia.
1997
-
(1997): Gender and hedging: From sex differences to situated practice. In: Journal of psycholinguistic research 26 (1), S. 89-107. DOI: 10.1023/A:1025064205478
Abstract: In a reanalysis of women's language, Holmes (1995) has argued that women's use of hedges expresses interpersonal warmth and not, as many researchers have maintained, linguistic tentativeness. It is typically men, she suggests, who employ hedges to convey imprecision and incertitude. In this study, we investigated the use of the hedges sort of and you know in a sample of South African students. Holmes's method of analysis was applied to hedging behavior in 52 dyadic conversations. The study consisted of a 2 (Speaker Gender: Male/Female) X 2 (Audience Gender: Male/Female) X 2 (Condition: Competitive/Noncompetitive) between-subjects experimental design. The results showed that contextual influences eclipsed the effects of gender; in fact, no main effects were found for speaker gender. Fewer hedges were deployed in the competitive condition than in the noncompetitive condition. Moreover, perhaps reflecting differences in social status, both sexes used sort of to express tentativeness more frequently when talking to male addressees. When speaking to female addressees, on the other hand, men deployed facilitative you know hedges more readily than women.
1996
-
(1996): "Motto : bleibt natürlich!" : zur Vermittlung geschlechtsspezifischer Körpersprache in Anstandsbüchern. In: Schweizerisches Archiv für Volkskunde 92 (1), S. 63-78
Abstract: Der Titel «Motto: Bleibt natürlich! - Zur Vermittlung geschlechtsspezifischer Körpersprache in Anstandsbüchern» ist streng genommen ein Widerspruch. Denn auf der einen Seite macht die Aufforderung «Bleibt natürlich!» glauben, daß Anstandsbücher den Menschen einen Anspruch auf eine wie auch immer verstandene Selbstverwirklichung zugestehen, andererseits verweist der Untertitel «Vermittlung geschlechtsspezifischer Körpersprache» eher auf das Gegenteil, auf den Prozeß der Sozialisation, auf Vermittlung also, hier verstanden als Akt der Erziehung. Die Auflösung dieses Widerspruches führt mitten hinein in die Problematik, nämlich in die Frage, welche Funktion und Bedeutung Anstandsbücher seit Beginn unseres Jahrhunderts besaßen. Besonders thematisiert werden soll dabei ein Aspekt, der angesichts der vielfältigen Anleitungen zum richtigen Benehmen bei Tisch, bei Besuchen, in der Sommerfrische usw. schnell übersehen wird, nämlich daß die Anstandsbücher jener Zeit wie kaum je zuvor Bilder von Männlich und Weiblich festgeschrieben haben. Das Arrangement der Geschlechter, das die bürgerliche Familie konstituierte und zu einem Gutteil bis heute ausmacht, fand seine Entsprechungen bis in die Körpersprache hinein.
1993
-
(1993): Dominance and Friendliness. On the Interaction of Gender and Situation. In: Journal of personality 61 (3), S. 387-409. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00286.x
Abstract: The present study examined the systematic effects of gender and situation on two personality characteristics: dominance and friendliness. Individuals were observed twice in each of three situations: with a familiar person of the same sex, with an unfamiliar person of the same sex, and with an unfamiliar person of the opposite sex. Observations by independent observers were collected using behavior counts and ratings. In addition, self-reports about dominance and friendliness in different situations were collected. Results based on the independent observers generally indicated that sex differences are reduced in mixed-sex groups and accentuated in same-sex groups. There was also evidence of systematic errors in the self-reports suggesting that men may overestimate their degree of friendliness and that women may overestimate their level of dominance.
1989
-
(1989): When clerks meet customers. A test of variables related to emotional expressions on the job. In: Journal of Applied Psychology 74 (3), S. 385-393. DOI: 10.1037//0021-9010.74.3.385
Abstract: Interactions between 1,319 sales clerks and customers were observed. Clerk emotional behavior (Rafaeli & Sutton, 1987), clerk sex, wearing a smock and a name tag, the presence of other clerks or other customers, and customer sex were coded. As predicted, female clerks displayed positive emotions more frequently than male clerks, suggesting that sex role socialization may generalize to behavior at work. Male clients, however, received more positive emotional expressions than female clients, suggesting that individuals of both genders attribute higher status to men. Clerks were more likely to display positive emotions when wearing a uniform, suggesting that an organizational identifier such as a smock or name tag may increase an employee's self-awareness. Consistent with Sutton & Rafaeli (1987), clerks were less likely to display positive emotions if a line of customers or a coworker was present. No relationship was observed between work shift (time of day) and the display of positive emotions.
- <<
- <
- 1