Alle Publikationen
2006
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(2006): Towards the neurobiology of emotional body language. In: Nature reviews. Neuroscience 7 (3), S. 242-249. DOI: 10.1038/nrn1872
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16495945 Abstract: People's faces show fear in many different circumstances. However, when people are terrified, as well as showing emotion, they run for cover. When we see a bodily expression of emotion, we immediately know what specific action is associated with a particular emotion, leaving little need for interpretation of the signal, as is the case for facial expressions. Research on emotional body language is rapidly emerging as a new field in cognitive and affective neuroscience. This article reviews how whole-body signals are automatically perceived and understood, and their role in emotional communication and decision-making.
Keywords: Amygdala, Angst, Animals, Biological, Brain Mapping, dominance, Emotions, entscheiden, Facial Expression, Functional Laterality, Gestik, Humans, Kinesics, Körperhaltung, Mimik, MODELS, Neurobiologie, Neurobiology, Neurowissenschaften, Nonverbale Kommunikation, physiology, Social Perception -
(2006): A Theory of Political Obligation. Membership, Commitment, and the Bonds of Society. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press
Abstract: Does one have special obligations to support the political institutions of one’s own country precisely because it is one’s own? In short, does one have political obligations? This book argues for an affirmative answer, construing one’s country as a political society of which one is a member, and a political society as a special type of social group. The obligations in question are not moral requirements derived from general moral principles. They come, rather, from one’s participation in a special kind of commitment: a joint commitment. This theory is referred to as the plural subject theory of political obligation since, by the author’s definition, those who are party to any joint commitment constitute a plural subject of some action in a broad sense of the term. Several alternative theories are compared and contrasted with plural subject theory, with a particular focus on the most famous — actual contract theory — according to which membership in a political society is a matter of participation in an agreement. The book offers plural subject accounts of both social rules and everyday agreements, and includes discussion of political authority and punishment.
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(2006): Alcohol and the Jews (again), race and medicine (again). On race and medicine in historical perspective. In: PATTERNS OF PREJUDICE 40 (4-5), S. 335-352
Abstract: The question of why or whether Jews have a resistance to alcoholism is now the subject of genetic research. Parallel to investigations into such perceived resistance in other groups (such as ‘Asians’), the recent work makes global claims that can be shown to have very specific social and historical origins. The accusation that the Jews abused alcohol was rebutted in the eighteenth century as Jews entered into the German-speaking public sphere. The key to such access was adherence to rules of ‘decorum’, and the public consumption of alcohol was central to this project.
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(2006) : Modeling Affect in Socially Interactive Robots: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human: Hatfield, UK: IEEE, S. 558-563
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314448 Abstract: Humans use expressions of emotion in a very social manner, to convey messages such as "I'm happy to see you" or "I want to be comforted," and people's long-term relationships depend heavily on shared emotional experiences. We believe that for robots to interact naturally with humans in social situations they should also be able to express emotions in both short-term and long-term relationships. To this end, we have developed an affective model for social robots. This generative model attempts to create natural, human-like affect and includes distinctions between immediate emotional responses, the overall mood of the robot, and long-term attitudes toward each visitor to the robot. This paper presents the general affect model as well as particular details of our implementation of the model on one robot, the Roboceptionist
Keywords: Cultural differences, Displays, emotion & social robotics, emotion recognition, Global communication, human emotion, Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, interactive systems, man-machine systems, Medical services, Mood, Orbital robotics, Roboceptionist, Senior citizens, Social robotic, socially interactive robots -
(2006): Social intelligence. The new science of human relationships. New York, NY, US: Bantam Books
Abstract: Far more than we are consciously aware, our daily encounters with parents, spouses, bosses, and even strangers shape our brains and affect cells throughout our bodies-- down to the level of our genes--for good or ill. In Social Intelligence, Daniel Goleman explores an emerging new science with startling implications for our interpersonal world. Its most fundamental discovery: we are designed for sociability, constantly engaged in a 'neural ballet' that connects us brain to brain with those around us. Our reactions to others, and theirs to us, have a far-reaching biological impact, sending out cascades of hormones that regulate everything from our hearts to our immune systems, making good relationships act like vitamins--and bad relationships like poisons. We can 'catch' other people's emotions the way we catch a cold, and the consequences of isolation or relentless social stress can be life-shortening. Goleman explains the surprising accuracy of first impressions, the basis of charisma and emotional power, the complexity of sexual attraction, and how we detect lies. He describes the 'dark side' of social intelligence, from narcissism to Machiavellianism and psychopathy. He also reveals our astonishing capacity for 'mindsight,' as well as the tragedy of those, like autistic children, whose mindsight is impaired. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2006) : Multimodal Human-Robot Interaction Framework for a Personal Robot: The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2006: RO-MAN 2006 ; 6-8 Sept. 2006, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom ; proceedings: RO-MAN 2006: The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Hatfield: 9/6/2006 - 9/8/2006. IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; IEEE Ro-Man: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 39-44
Abstract: This paper presents a framework for multimodal human-robot interaction. The proposed framework is being implemented in a personal robot called Maggie, developed at RoboticsLab of the University Carlos III of Madrid for social interaction research. The control architecture of this personal robot is a hybrid control architecture called AD (automatic-deliberative) that incorporates an emotion control system (ECS). Maggie's main goal is to interact establish a peer-to-peer relationship with humans. To achieve this goal, a set of human-robot interaction skills are developed based on the proposed framework. The human-robot interaction skills imply tactile, visual, remote voice and sound modes. The multi-modal fusion and synchronization are also presented in this paper.
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Gratch, Jonathan (2006): Intelligent virtual agents. 6th International Working Conference, IVA 2006: Marina del Rey, CA, USA, August 21-23, 2006: proceedings. Berlin: Springer (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
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(2006): An examination of the multidimensionality of supervisor and subordinate perceptions of leader-member exchange. In: Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 79 (3), S. 433-465. DOI: 10.1348/096317905X53859
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X53859 Abstract: Research on leader-member exchange (LMX) theory typically has measured LMX in a unidimensional manner and has neglected supervisor perceptions of the LMX relationship. The present study developed and validated a multidimensional scale of supervisor LMX based on Liden and Maslyn's (1998) multidimensional subordinate LMX scale. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a multidimensional factor structure for both supervisor and subordinate LMX scales with four distinct dimensions: affect, loyalty, contribution, and professional respect. Results further indicated that these dimensions differentially predicted various criteria indicating that different aspects of the LMX relationship are of greater or lesser importance depending upon the criterion of interest. Additionally, results indicated that multidimensional LMX scales measured from both supervisor and subordinate perspectives predict important individual job attitudes and behaviours above scales that are either unidimensional or measured from just one perspective.
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(2006): Gender and Computer Games. Exploring Females' Dislikes. In: Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11 (4), S. 910-931. DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00301.x
Abstract: On average, girls and women are less involved with video games than are boys and men, and when they do play, they often prefer different games, This article reports two studies that investigated the dislikes of German females with regard to video games. Study I applied conjoint analysis to female respondents' (N=317) ratings of fictional video games and demonstrated that lack of meaningful social interaction, followed by violent content and sexual gender role stereotyping of game characters, were the most important reasons why females disliked the games. Study 2, an online survey (N=795), revealed that female respondents were less attracted to competitive elements in video games, suggesting an explanation for gender-specific game preferences, These findings are discussed with respect to communication theory on interactive entertainment and their implications for applied video game design.
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(2006) : 11 - Social Skills Deficits In: Hersen, Michel: Clinician's Handbook of Adult Behavioral Assessment: Burlington: Academic Press, S. 235-252
Abstract: Social skills have been assessed via different methods. Social intelligence tests are not recommended because of their overlap with general intelligence. Self-report measures seem to be a reliable and valid way to assess social skills. However, clinicians need to remember that the results of these instruments should be interpreted in the context of the particular mental disorder. Finally, behavioral assessment tests may constitute a reliable approach to assess social skills. However, the drawback is the difficulty to distinguish potential suppression effects on social performance caused by the presence of mental disorders from the ability to show certain behaviors. In addition, there are no clear guidelines on whether one should assess molar or molecular behaviors of social performances, and the decision will depend on the psychopathology.
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(2006): The decorum of the sacred image. A French interpretation?. In: DIX-SEPTIEME SIECLE (230), S. 81-99
Abstract: Dans le discours sur l’art qui s’élabore en France dans les années 1660, et dont les Conférences de l’Académie sont le lieu d’expression privilégié, la dimension théologique intervient sous deux formes. Sous forme positive, pour dire que la peinture exprime Dieu et son amour en le rendant visible à travers ses intermédiaires, la Vierge et les anges, selon un motif issu du concile de Trente et renforcé par la spiritualité française, qui devient un topos sur l’expression (ainsi dans la Conférence sur la Vierge au lapin de Titien par Boullogne, ou celle de Mignard sur la Sainte famille de Raphaël)1 . Ou bien sous forme négative, pour censurer les abus comme autant Paleotti (1582), Borghini (1584), auxquels il faut ajouter le Flamand Molanus2 . Mais d’écarts au décorum de l’image sacrée défini dans les traités italiens : Gilio (1564), les Français, dont on sait l’hésitation à entériner les décrets du concile, sont tout aussi réticents à l’idée d’une théorie de l’art soumise à des motivations religieuses. C’est pourquoi, inversant la hiérarchie des traités italiens, ils privilégient la composante séculière du décorum et le déclinent en règles poétiques : composition, expression générale, fidélité à l’histoire (le peintre doit être érudit, mais pas spécialement pieux, tandis que cette exigence est primordiale pour les Italiens), théo
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Hersen, Michel (2006): Clinician's Handbook of Adult Behavioral Assessment. Burlington: Academic Press
Abstract: Given the vast amount of research related to behavioral assessment, it is difficult for clinicians to keep abreast of new developments. In recent years, there have been advances in assessment, case conceptualization, treatment planning, treatment strategies for specific disorders, and considerations of new ethical and legal issues. Keeping track of advances requires monitoring diverse resources limited to specific disorders, many of which are theoretical rather than practical, or that offer clinical advice without providing the evidence ...
Keywords: klinische Psychologie, Verhaltensforschung -
Hertwig, Ralph (2006): Do legal rules rule behavior?. Heuristics and the law. Berlin, Germany. Berlin, Germany: Dahlem University Press (Dahlem workshop reports)
Abstract: Economic analyses of law share an implicit or explicit belief in unbounded rationality. Here two boundedly rational psychological principles are discussed that together provide an alternative explanation for why most people behave in accordance with legal rules most of the time. These principles are the capacity for social learning and the impact of environmental cues and constraints. The ability to observe others' behavior and its consequences helps people conform to behavioral norms without memorizing the legal canon or Miss Manners's rules of etiquette. Environmental and institutional constraints help winnow down the set of actions available to people, and environmental cues suggest which of the available actions are desirable. If people who aspire to live by legal rules, standards, and institutions are to have a chance of doing so, lawmakers must recognize the psychological realities of boundedly rational decision making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 13
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(2006) : Pedagogically Structured Game-Based Training: Development of the ELECT BiLat Simulation: Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference, S. 4121-4128. Online verfügbar unter http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/PEDAGOGICALLY%20STRUCTURED%20GAME-BASED%20TRAINING-%20DEVELOPMENT%20OF%20THE%20ELECT%20BILAT%20SIMULATION.pdf
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(2006): Modelling Trade and Trust Across Cultures. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, S. 120-134
Abstract: Misunderstandings arise in international trade due to difference in cultural background of trade partners. Trust and the role it plays in trade are influenced by culture. Considering that trade always involves working on the relationship with the trade partner, understanding the behaviour of the other is of the essence. This paper proposes to involve cultural dimensions in the modelling of trust in trade situations. A case study is presented to show a conceptualisation of trust with respect to the cultural dimension of performance orientation versus cooperation orientation.
Keywords: social importance dynamics -
(2006): Technikphilosophie als Reflexion der Medialität. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag
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(2006): The Moderating Role of the Attitude-Subjective Norms Conflict on the Link Between Moral Norms and Intention. In: European Psychologist 11 (2), S. 99-109. DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040.11.2.99
Abstract: Within a traditional planned-behavior framework, the conditions under which moral norms add to the overall intention to act remain ambiguous. Here, the authors aim to provide insights into the circumstances that foster the impact of moral norms. Based on a minimal effort strategy, it is predicted that moral information is considered more strongly and, thus, is relatively more significant for people's motivation if a person's attitude is at odds with his or her subjective norms. To test the beliefs conflict hypothesis, two surveys were conducted, one concerning organ donation (N = 639) and another concerning conservation behavior (N = 328). Structural equation analyses confirm that moral considerations have a stronger effect on a person's behavioral intention in cases of attitude-subjective norms conflicts compared to cases of harmonic attitudes and subjective norms.
Keywords: Normen, Verhaltensforschung -
(2006): Owen’s ’Dulce et Decorum Est’. In: EXPLICATOR 64 (3), S. 160-162Keywords: decorum, Ohne Abstract oder Text
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IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; IEEE Ro-Man (2006): The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2006. RO-MAN 2006 ; 6-8 Sept. 2006, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom ; proceedings. RO-MAN 2006: The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. Hatfield, 9/6/2006 - 9/8/2006. Piscataway, NJ: IEEEKeywords: Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation, Roboter
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(2006): Dynamic and interactive generation of object handling behaviors by a small humanoid robot using a dynamic neural network model. In: Neural Networks 19 (3), S. 323-337. DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2006.02.007
DOI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608006000311 Abstract: This study presents experiments on the learning of object handling behaviors by a small humanoid robot using a dynamic neural network model, the recurrent neural network with parametric bias (RNNPB). The first experiment showed that after the robot learned different types of ball handling behaviors using human direct teaching, the robot was able to generate adequate ball handling motor sequences situated to the relative position between the robot’s hands and the ball. The same scheme was applied to a block handling learning task where it was shown that the robot can switch among learned different block handling sequences, situated to the ways of interaction by human supporters. Our analysis showed that entrainment of the internal memory structures of the RNNPB through the interactions of the objects and the human supporters are the essential mechanisms for those observed situated behaviors of the robot
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(2006) : Development of a Handshake Robot System for Embodied Interaction with Humans: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human: Hatfield, UK: IEEE, S. 710-715
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314484 Abstract: It is expected that robots will play an important role in social welfare and service for the older citizens. These robots should display an emotional aspect to make them more acceptable to humans. Humans shake hands in order to greet each other and display a feeling of closeness. A handshake is the embodied interaction with contact by which humans can directly share embodied rhythms. In this paper, we develop a handshake robot system for embodied interaction. The robot can generate the handshake approaching motion that is acceptable to human emotion by using secondary delay elements from the trajectory of a human hand. The effectiveness of this handshake robot is demonstrated by sensory evaluation
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(2006) : Fahrzeugführung und Assistenzsysteme In: Zimolong, Bernhard; Konrad, Udo (Hg.): Ingenieurpsychologie: Göttingen; Bern; Toronto: Seattle, Hogrefe, Verl. für Psychologie (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie), S. 737-775
Abstract: Es wird ein Überblick über die ingenieurpsychologische Forschung zur Fahrzeugführung (Kraftfahrzeug, Schienenfahrzeuge, Schiffe) und zu Assistzenzsystemen gegeben. Zunächst werden Aufgaben und psychische Prozesse in der Fahrzeugführung erläutert. Danach werden typische Aufgabensituationen umrissen. Die Kommunikation zwischen Mensch und Fahrzeug, die manuelle Fahrzeugregelung sowie Fehlermanagement und Planung werden dargestellt. Anschließend werden zunächst Unterstützungs-, Assistenz- und Infotainmentsysteme allgemein und danach speziell Fahrerassistenzsysteme behandelt. Es schließt sich ein kürzer Überblick über Training und Simulatoren an. Es wird betont, dass es immer größere Anstrengungen erfordert, die Verkehrssicherheit trotz dichteren Verkehrs noch zu erhöhen und dass neue Technologien hierzu wesentlich beitragen
Keywords: Straßenverkehr, Unterstützung -
(2006): A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: Initial Test Cases. In: Proceedings of 2006 BRIMS Conference
Abstract: Characters or agents which react appropriately—-taking offense when reasonable, giving deference where appropriate, etc.-- are a fundamental need for believability and accuracy in simulations of social interactions (including culture-specific and multi-cultural interactions). This is especially true for applications where complex and realistic interactions with intelligent agents are important-- such as cross-cultural training for military personnel. We have developed a quantitative, computational implementation of a rich, universal theory of human-human “politeness” behaviors and the culture-specific interpretive frameworks for them (labeled “etiquette”) from sociology, linguistics and anthropology. This model links observable and inferred aspects of power and familiarity relationships, the degree of imposition of an act (each of which have implications for roles and intents) and the actor’s character to produce expectations about politeness behaviors. By using observations of politeness behaviors (or their lack), the same model permits inferences and updates about those attributes. We present the algorithm we have developed and describe its results in scoring the degree of politeness or rudeness across 8 test cases. We see applicability of this model to interactive agent behavior generation and adaptation through the creation of modular, cross-cultural etiquette libraries. While other methods of interactive behavior generation are available (e.g., behavior scripting) our modular, computational approach should provide substantial payoffs in terms of reducing software development costs and/orincreasing the breadth of an agent’s social interaction behaviors.
Keywords: doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Etikette-Engine, Etiquette as rules of expectation, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Höflichkeit, Human-Computer Etikette, Human-Computer Etiquette, Mensch-Technik-Relationen, Mensch-Technische Systeme, Miller, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker, Technik, Unhöflichkeit, Volltreffer -
(2006): Differential social attributions toward computing technology. An empirical investigation. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 64 (5), S. 446-460. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2005.09.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2005.09.002 Abstract: A debate exists as to whether social cues should be intentionally designed into the user interface. Some have argued that such interfaces will improve comfort with the interface, create a more natural interaction and improve productivity, although others have argued that these interfaces will lead individuals to ascribe characteristics and responsibilities to computing technology that it does not have. Despite the debate, limited research has focused on the impact these interfaces have on how people ascribe responsibility to computing technology. Drawing from social psychology, empirical work regarding social responses toward computing technology, and attribution theory, this research empirically tests a model developed by Marakas et al. [2000. A theoretical model of differential social attributions toward computing technology: when the metaphor becomes the model. International Journal of Human Computer Studies 52, 719–750] which identifies and explains several of the factors that contribute to differential social attributions toward computing technology. Using data from 240 students and professionals, results from a laboratory study indicate that attributions toward computing technology are influenced by an individual's core self-evaluations, their generalized beliefs about the social role of computing technology and the nature of the computer interface used. Specifically, the results provide support for the argument that certain individuals do indeed attribute independent agency to computing technology and respond accordingly, and that this propensity is magnified when exposed to a computer with a distinctly social interface. Implications for both the applied and academic research communities are discussed.
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(2006) : What is a Human? - Toward Psychological Benchmarks in the Field of Human-Robot Interaction: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human: Hatfield, UK: IEEE, S. 364-371
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314461 Abstract: In this paper, we move toward offering psychological benchmarks by which to measure success in building increasingly human-like robots. By psychological benchmarks we mean categories of interaction that capture conceptually fundamental aspects of human life, specified abstractly enough so as to resist their identity as a mere psychological instrument, but capable of being translated into testable empirical propositions. Six possible benchmarks are considered: autonomy, imitation, intrinsic moral value, moral accountability, privacy, and reciprocity. Finally, we discuss how getting the right group of benchmarks in human-robot interaction will, in future years, help inform on the foundational question of what constitutes essential features of being human