Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Structured learning for spoken language understanding in human-robot interaction. In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH 36 (5-7), S. 660-683
Abstract: Robots are slowly becoming a part of everyday life, being marketed for commercial applications such as telepresence, cleaning or entertainment. Thus, the ability to interact via natural language with non-expert users is becoming a key requirement. Even if user utterances can be efficiently recognized and transcribed by automatic speech recognition systems, several issues arise in translating them into suitable robotic actions and most of the existing solutions are strictly related to a specific scenario. In this paper, we present an approach to the design of natural language interfaces for human robot interaction, to translate spoken commands into computational structures that enable the robot to execute the intended request. The proposed solution is achieved by combining a general theory of language semantics, i.e. frame semantics, with state-of-the-art methods for robust spoken language understanding, based on structured learning algorithms. The adopted data driven paradigm allows the development of a fully functional natural language processing chain, that can be initialized by re-using available linguistic tools and resources. In addition, it can be also specialized by providing small sets of examples representative of a target newer domain. A systematic benchmarking resource, in terms of a rich and multi-layered spoken corpus has also been created and it has been used to evaluate the natural language processing chain. Our results show that our processing chain, trained with generic resources, provides a solid baseline for command understanding in a service robot domain. Moreover, when domain-dependent resources are provided to the system, the accuracy of the achieved interpretation always improves.
Keywords: Algorithmen, doppelter Treffer, frame semantics, Frame-Semantik, Interaktion, Korpus, Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation, Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), narürliche Sprache, natural language interface, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Realtechnik, Robotik, Serviceroboter, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, speech processing, Sprache, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverarbeitung, Sprachverstehen, Status / biologische Marker, structured learning algorithm, Technik -
(2017): FinnFN 1.0. The Finnish frame semantic database. In: NORDIC JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS 40 (3), S. 287-311
Abstract: The article describes the process of creating a Finnish language FrameNet or FinnFN, based on the original English language FrameNet hosted at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California. We outline the goals and results relating to the FinnFN project and especially to the creation of the FinnFrame corpus. The main aim of the project was to test the universal applicability of frame semantics by annotating real Finnish using the same frames and annotation conventions as in the original Berkeley FrameNet project. From Finnish newspaper corpora, 40,721 sentences were automatically retrieved and manually annotated as example sentences evoking certain frames. This became the FinnFrame corpus. Applying the Berkeley FrameNet annotation conventions to the Finnish language required some modifications due to Finnish morphology, and a convention for annotating individual morphemes within words was introduced for phenomena such as compounding, comparatives and case endings. Various questions about cultural salience across the two languages arose during the project, but problematic situations occurred only in a few examples, which we also discuss in the article. The article shows that, barring a few minor instances, the universality hypothesis of frames is largely confirmed for languages as different as Finnish and English.
Keywords: cultural salience, FinnFN, frame semantics, FrameNet, Korpus, Korpusanalyse, Kulturvergleich, Linguistik 2015
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(2015): A framework for constructing cognition ontologies using WordNet, FrameNet, and SUMO. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 33, S. 122-144
Abstract: Psychoinformatics is an emerging discipline that uses tools from the information sciences to organize psychological data. This article supports that objective by proposing a framework for constructing cognition ontologies by using WordNet, FrameNet, and the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO). The first section describes the major characteristics of each of these tools. WordNet is a large lexical data base that was begun in the 1980s by George Miller. FrameNet is a database of event schemas based on a theory of frame semantics developed by the linguist Charles Fillmore. SUMO is a formal ontology of concepts expressed in mathematical logic that supports deductive reasoning. The next section discusses the objectives of science ontologies and includes examples for psychoses and for emotion. The article then describes potential applications of cognition ontologies for (1) studying how people organize knowledge, (2) analyzing major theoretical concepts such as abstraction, and (3) formulating premises that can serve as a link between informal taxonomies and formal ontologies. The final section discusses extending cognition ontologies to related domains such as artificial intelligence and cognitive neuroscience.
Keywords: Computerwissenschaft, Disziplin, frame semantics, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, kognitive Architekturen, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Korpus, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Postkasten, psychoinformatics, Psychoinformatik, Psychologie, Realtechnik, Technik, Wissensstrukturierung 2003
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(2003): Konzeptframes und Relationen. Extraktion, Annotation und Analyse französischer Corpora aus dem World Wide Web. Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 2003. Berlin: Akad. Verl.-Ges. Aka (Dissertationen zur künstlichen Intelligenz)
Abstract: "Konzeptframes und Relationen" untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Wissen, Wissensrepräsentation und sprachlichen Corpora am Beispiel der Extraktion von französischen Textabschnitten aus dem Web. Interpretationen der Corpora werden in aussagekräftigen und allgemeinen linguistischen Strukturen angeordnet: den Konzeptframes. Die automatische Erhebung von semantischen Umgebungen von Lexemen aus dem Netz rückt die Linguistik näher heran an die Empirie und weiter weg von der Beispiele-Linguistik; durch die systematische Anordnung und Auswertung des Weltwissens erfährt der Terminus eine überzeugende Integration in die lexikalische Semantik. Vorgestellt werden die automatischen Extraktionsmethoden, das computerunterstützte Annotationsverfahren mit Hilfe einer linguistisch motivierten Ontologie und die Auswertungen der Ergebnisse. Letztere betreffen u. a. den Ausbau der verwendeten Ontologie, die Aufstellung von Mustern des sprachlichen Ausdrucks von Relationen in Corpora, die Entwicklung und Interpretation intrakonzeptueller Strukturen und die Umwandlung der gesammelten Wissensbestände in ein Format für das Semantic Web. Darüber hinaus gibt die Arbeit einen Überblick über weitere Arbeiten auf den relevanten Gebieten
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