Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Of Tooth and Claw. Predator Self-Identifications Mediate Gender Differences in Interpersonal Arrogance. In: Sex Roles 77 (3-4), S. 272-286. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0706-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0706-y Abstract: Men often score higher than women do on traits or tendencies marked by hostile dominance. The purpose of the present research was to contribute to an understanding of these gender differences. Four studies (total N = 494 U.S. undergraduates) administered a modified animal preference test in which participants could choose to be predator or prey animals, but not labeled as such. Men were consistently more interested in being predator animals than women were, displaying a sort of hostile dominance in their projective preferences. Predator self-identifications, in turn, mediated gender differences in outcomes related to hostile dominance. Studies 1 and 2 provided initial evidence for this model in the context of variations in interpersonal arrogance, and Studies 3 and 4 extended the model to nonverbal displays and daily life prosociality, respectively. The findings indicate that gender differences in hostile dominance are paralleled by gender differences in preferring to thi nk about the self in predator-like terms. Accordingly, the findings provide new insights into aggressive forms of masculine behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 2
2016
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(2016): Judging Facial Emotion Expressions in Context. The Influence of Culture and Self-Construal Orientation. In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 40 (1), S. 55-64. DOI: 10.1007/s10919-015-0223-7
Abstract: The impact of social context on the judgment of emotional facial expressions as a function of self-construal and decoding rules was assessed. Eighty-seven German and 90 Greek participants rated spontaneous emotional faces shown either alone or surrounded by other faces with congruent or incongruent facial expressions. Greek participants were higher in interdependence than German participants. In line with cultural decoding rules, Greek participants rated anger expressions less intensely and sad and disgust expressions more intensely. Social context affected the ratings by both groups in different ways. In the more interdependent culture (Greece) participants perceived anger least intensely when the group showed neutral expressions, whereas sadness expressions were rated as most intense in the absence of social context. In the independent culture (Germany) a group context (others expressing anger or happiness) additionally amplified the perception of angry and happy expressions. In line with the notion that these effects are mediated by more holistic processing linked to higher interdependence, this difference disappeared when interdependence on the individual level was controlled. The findings confirm the usefulness of considering both country level and individual level factors when studying cultural differences. zitiert von 19
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(2016): Interkulturelle Psychologie. Verstehen und Handeln in internationalen Kontexten. Göttingen: Hogrefe
Abstract: Dieses Buch beleuchtet auf der Grundlage von psychologischen Theorien und Forschungsergebnissen die psychischen Prozesse, die beim Aufeinandertreffen von Menschen aus verschiedenen Kulturen beteiligt sind. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden typische interkulturelle Begegnungssituationen geschildert und analysiert. Weitere Kapitel thematisieren, wie interkulturelle Handlungskompetenz entsteht, und zeigen Möglichkeiten auf, diese anhand von interkulturellen Trainings zu fördern. - Inhalt: (1) Einführung: Kultur und interkulturelle Interaktion. (2) Interkulturelles Handeln und psychologische Prozesse. (3) Entwicklung des Selbstbildes, des Fremdbildes und des vermuteten Fremdbildes. (4) Entwicklung des Fremdverstehens. (5) Entwicklung und Wirkungen interpersonaler Interaktionsprozesse in interkulturellen Kontexten [Sozialer Vergleich; Gerechtigkeit; soziale Interdependenz; Macht und soziale Dominanz; soziale Netzwerke; Konflikte; Minoritäten]. . (6) Stress und Stressbewältigung im Kontext interkulturellen Handelns. (7) Entwicklung interkultureller Handlungskompetenz. (8) Interkulturelle Trainings. (9) Interkulturelle Psychologie in der Praxis. zitiert von 4
Keywords: conflict, Context, Cross Cultural Communication, Cross Cultural Psychology, Cultural Sensitivity, dominance, Entreprises multinationales, Ethnopsychologie, Gestion interculturelle, Interpersonal Control, Interpersonal Interaction, Justice, Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, Self-Concept, Sensitivity Training, Social Comparison, social networks, Social Perception, Stress 2014
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(2014): Power Gets You High. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 6 (4), S. 472-480. DOI: 10.1177/1948550614566857
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614566857 Abstract: Inspiration is a source of admirable creation—but where do people get it from? We propose that power allows individuals to draw inspiration from the self. Four studies involving different social settings and operationalizations support this idea. Study 1 revealed that greater power is associated with more self-derived inspiration and less other-derived inspiration. In Study 2, participants with a higher sense of power were more inspired by their own than by their partners’ stories in face-to-face conversations, whereas lower power participants were not. In Study 3, higher power people spontaneously generated more inspiring stories involving themselves than did lower power people. Finally, participants in Study 4 felt more inspired after writing about their own experiences than after writing about someone else’s, especially after having been primed with high rather than low power. These findings suggest that powerful people prioritize themselves over others in social interac tion because this is emotionally rewarding for them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 14
Keywords: Achievement Motivation, Classification (Cognitive Process), Conversation, Extrinsic Motivation, Impression Formation, Interaction, Interaktionsforschung, Interpersonal Control, Intrinsic Motivation, Persönlichkeitspsychologie, POWER, Self-Concept, social interaction, Sozialpsychologie, Storytelling 2011
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(2011) : Gender Issues In: Hauser, Stuart T.; Prinstein, Mitchell J. (Hg.): Encyclopedia of Adolescence: Burlington: Elsevier Science, S. 151-159
Abstract: Gender is an important social category that affects adolescents' lives in multiple ways. Gender identities and gender schemas shape the kinds of ideas and behaviors that adolescents may consider appropriate for themselves and others. Stereotyped beliefs may lead to sexism, including prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behaviors. Gender-related variations during adolescence occur in academic achievement, athletic participation, sexuality, body image, dating relationships, friendship intimacy, and aggression.
2007
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(2007): Disappointment for others. In: Cognition & emotion 21 (7), S. 1565-1576. DOI: 10.1080/02699930701201923
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701201923 Abstract: Two studies examined when and why people experience disappointment for others. Study 1 demonstrated that participants reported disappointment for another's outcome only when the outcome had strong personal implications. Study 2 demonstrated that self-image concerns rather than empathy or resource concerns mediated the experience of disappointment for others. Collectively, these findings suggest that people experience disappointment for others when those outcomes implicate the self-image. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 8
2003
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(2003): Kultur, Selbstkonzept und Kognition. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology 211 (4), S. 212-224. DOI: 10.1026//0044-3409.211.4.212
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1026//0044-3409.211.4.212 Abstract: Members of individualist cultures define their selves primarily as an autonomous and independent entity (independent self-construal). In collectivist cultures, identity is more likely defined by stressing the connectedness with others and being interdependent with them (interdependent self-construal). Many previous researchers have suggested that individuals process social information differently, depending on their self-construal. However, the exact mechanisms by which self-knowledge of one kind or the orther influences information processing have hitherto not fully been understood. One possible reason for this deficit is that causal hypotheses about the influence of indpendent and interdependent self-knowledge can not directly be tested in cross-cultural studies. In the present article we, therefore, present a model of the self, which aims at integrating the cross-cultural perspective on the self and a cognitive perspective on the dynamic nature of human information pro cessing. We review empirical evidence for the predictions derived from our model. Finally, possible theoretical contributions for both cross-cultural and cognitive psychology are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 39
1971
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(1971): Transgression, self-image, and compliant behavior. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 20 (2), S. 176-179. DOI: 10.1037/h0031686
Abstract: Tested the hypothesis that compliance increases following transgression, primarily because compliance restores self-esteem which was lost as a result of transgression. Self-esteem and transgression were manipulated in a 2 2 factorial design experiment employing 44 male undergraduates. Differences in compliance between transgression and no-transgression ss occurred only when ss received no self-esteem manipulation prior to the compliant request. Results are discussed in terms of consistency between self-image and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 83
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