Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): Supervisor-employee power distance incompatibility, gender similarity, and relationship conflict. A test of interpersonal interaction theory. In: The Journal of applied psychology 103 (3), S. 334-346. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000265
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000265 Abstract: According to interpersonal interaction theory, relational harmony surfaces when two individuals have compatible interaction styles. Building from this theory, we propose that supervisor-employee power distance orientation incompatibility will be related to employees' experience of higher levels of relationship conflict with their supervisors. Additionally, we propose an asymmetrical incongruence effect such that relationship conflict will be highest when supervisors are high in power distance and employees are low in power distance. Furthermore, we address calls in interpersonal interaction research for more direct attention to the social context of the dyadic interaction and explore the moderating effects of supervisor-employee gender (dis)similarity on the relationship between this incompatibility and conflict. We propose that supervisor-employee gender dissimilarity (e.g., male-female or female-male pairs) acts as a conditional moderator, neutralizing the power distance incongruence effect and the asymmetrical incongruence effect. Using 259 supervisor-employee dyads in the physical therapy industry, the hypotheses were generally supported. Theoretical and practical implications regarding the unique benefits of power distance compatibility and gender diversity in supervisor-employee dyads are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2018): Highly identified power-holders feel responsible. The interplay between social identification and social power within groups. In: The British journal of social psychology 57 (1), S. 112-129. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12225
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28983928 Abstract: Power relations affect dynamics within groups. Power-holders' decisions not only determine their personal outcomes, but also the outcomes of others in the group that they control. Yet, power-holders often tend to overlook this responsibility to take care of collective interests. The present research investigated how social identification - with the group to which both the powerful and the powerless belong - alters perceived responsibility among power-holders (and the powerless). Combining research on social power and social identity, we argue that power-holders perceive more responsibility than the powerless when strongly (rather than when weakly) identifying with the group. A study among leaders and an experiment supported this, highlighting that although power-holders are often primarily concerned about personal outcomes, they do feel responsible for considering others' interests when these others are included in the (social) self.
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(2018): Ranking low, feeling high. How hierarchical position and experienced power promote prosocial behavior in response to procedural justice. In: The Journal of applied psychology 103 (2), S. 164-181. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000260
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933910 Abstract: Research shows that power can lead to prosocial behavior by facilitating the behavioral expression of dispositional prosocial motivation. However, it is not clear how power may facilitate responses to contextual factors that promote prosocial motivation. Integrating fairness heuristic theory and the situated focus theory of power, we argue that in particular, organization members in lower (vs. higher) hierarchical positions who simultaneously experience a high (vs. low) sense of power respond with prosocial behavior to 1 important antecedent of prosocial motivation, that is, the enactment of procedural justice. The results from a multisource survey among employees and their leaders from various organizations (Study 1) and an experiment using a public goods dilemma (Study 2) support this prediction. Three subsequent experiments (Studies 3-5) show that this effect is mediated by perceptions of authority trustworthiness. Taken together, this research (a) helps resolve the debate regarding whether power promotes or undermines prosocial behavior, (b) demonstrates that hierarchical position and the sense of power can have very different effects on processes that are vital to the functioning of an organization, and (c) helps solve ambiguity regarding the roles of hierarchical position and power in fairness heuristic theory. (PsycINFO Database Record
2017
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(2017): They Love Me, They Love Me Not?. Social Power Shapes Expectations of Acceptance and Concerns about Rejection. In: Social Cognition 35 (5), S. 563-584. DOI: 10.1521/soco.2017.35.5.563
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2017.35.5.563 Abstract: Four studies tested the overriding hypothesis that an actor’s high relative to low social power enhances the actor’s expectations of social acceptance, and attenuates his or her concerns about social rejection, from others. Study 1 yielded correlational support for this hypothesis, while Studies 2 and 3 produced causal evidence. Study 3 also suggested that actor-power effects on acceptance expectations and rejection concerns emerge in relation to both opposite-power counterparts and others in general, though the effects tend to be stronger for the former. Finally, Study 4 confirmed that our effects are driven at least partly by an actor’s power, though at times in interaction with the high or low power of potential sources of acceptance/ rejection. The present studies extend a growing literature on power’s effects on processes and phenomena related to social acceptance and rejection. We discuss limitations, implications, and future directions. (PsycINFO Database R ecord (c ) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Power assertion in everyday mother-infant interactions. In: Infant behavior & development 47, S. 58-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.03.002
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28343117 Abstract: Mothers' power assertion was assessed following everyday infant transgressions. Power assertiveness showed limited stability, increased with age, and was higher when infants were harming others and when the physical danger was more severe. Naturalistic research is key to understanding how power assertion influences social development.
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(2017): The Hazard of Teetering at the Top and Being Tied to the Bottom. The Interactive Relationship of Power, Stability, and Social Dominance Orientation with Work Stress. In: Applied Psychology 66 (4), S. 653-673. DOI: 10.1111/apps.12104
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12104 Abstract: This study examines the roles of power, stability, and social dominance orientation (SDO) for work stress. Initial laboratory research has demonstrated that power and the stability of one's power position interact to influence stress. Using a sample of Chinese managers, we replicate and extend this finding in an organisational field setting, illustrating that the interactive role of power and stability hinges on individuals' SDO. Individuals higher (but not lower) in SDO experienced more work stress in unstable high‐power and stable low‐power positions, compared to their counterparts in stable high‐power and unstable low‐power positions. These results underscore the role of stability for understanding the power–stress relationship and emphasise individual differences in needs and motivations as an important boundary condition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): The effect of reactive emotions expressed in response to another's anger on inferences of social power. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 17 (4), S. 717-727. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000262
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000262 Abstract: Social perception of emotions is influenced by the context in which it occurs. One such context is a social interaction involving an exchange of emotions. The way parties to the interaction are perceived is shaped by the combination of emotions exchanged. This idea was examined by assessing the extent to which expressions of anger toward a target-which, in isolation, are perceived as signals of high social power-are influenced by the target's emotional reaction to it (i.e., reactive emotions). Three studies show that the angry person was perceived as having a higher level of social power when this anger was responded by fear or sadness than when it was responded by neutrality or anger. Study 1 indicated that reactive emotions have a stronger effect on perceived social power when emotions were incongruent with gender stereotypes. Study 2 indicated that these effects are a result of these emotions serving as reactive emotions rather than a benchmark against which the angry person's power is assessed. Study 3 showed that reactive emotions affect perceived social power by serving as signals of the level to which the high social power suggested by the first person's expression is confirmed by its target. Comparing effects of reactive emotions to anger with reactive emotions to sadness, showed that perceived social power of the expresser is determined by the nature of the expression, with some adjustment caused by the reactive emotions. This underscores the importance of social interaction as a context for the social perception of emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2017): Authorities' coercive and legitimate power. The impact on cognitions underlying cooperation. In: Frontiers in Psychology (Online Journal) 8
Abstract: The execution of coercive and legitimate power by an authority assures cooperation and prohibits free-riding. While coercive power can be comprised of severe punishment and strict monitoring, legitimate power covers expert and informative procedures. The perception of these powers wielded by authorities stimulates specific cognitions: trust, relational climates, and motives. With four experiments, the single and combined impact of coercive versus legitimate power on these processes and on intended cooperation of a total of 720 student participants, is investigated within two exemplary contexts (i.e., tax contributions, insurance claims). The results revealed that coercive power increases an antagonistic climate and enforced compliance, whereas legitimate power increases reason-based trust, a service climate, and voluntary cooperation. Unexpectedly, legitimate power additionally has a negative effect on an antagonistic climate, and a positive effect on enforced compliance. The findings lead to a modification of theoretical assumptions. However, exclusively reason-based trust, but not climate perceptions and motives, mediates the relationship between power and intended cooperation. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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(2017): Magnitude estimation is influenced by social power. In: Journal of Numerical Cognition 3 (2), S. 147-163. DOI: 10.5964/jnc.v3i2.52
Abstract: Examined whether social power affects estimation performance of spatial magnitudes (i.e., line estimation). Previous research has shown that social power affects basic cognitive processes and even influences the way individuals perceive their physical environment. In the present study, participants estimated the line length of a given number in an increase and a decrease condition, after (low versus high) social power had been manipulated between participants via role assignment. Results show that in the increase condition, low-power participants overestimated line lengths, whereas such a bias was not observed for high-power participants. In contrast, the power manipulation did not affect performance in the decrease condition, suggesting that proportion judgement strategies might have been applied here, thereby reducing the overall bias in line estimations. It is concluded that findings support the notion that social power has an impact on the perception of the physical environment and that perception can depend on personal as well as situational factors. Moreover, it is argued that the present research suggests that high (compared to low) social power may help people to overcome biases in overestimating magnitudes.
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(2017): Power increases anchoring effects on judgment. In: Social Cognition 35 (1), S. 40-53
Abstract: Four experiments test the impact of power (vs powerlessness) on anchoring effects. Anchoring refers to the tendency to assimilate one's judgment to a previously considered numeric standard. Based on the notion that power facilitates the activation of and reliance on accessible information, it is hypothesized that power increases numeric anchoring effects on judgment, compared to powerlessness. Across studies, consistent support for this idea was found: when testing estimations of factual values (Experiments 1 and 2), subjective evaluations (Experiment 3), and negotiation behavior (Experiment 4). The findings of Studies 2 to 4 qualify the dominant idea in power literature that power reduces conformity to others' opinion. Power increases conformity to others' opinion, if such opinion is presented as an anchor and therefore processed more automatically. These findings also have important methodological implications for power research. They show that differences in stimulus presentation can steer observed effects of power in opposite directions.
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(2017): Communal and agentic interpersonal and intergroup motives predict preferences for status versus power. In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43 (1), S. 71-86
Abstract: Seven studies involving 1,343 participants showed how circumplex models of social motives can help explain individual differences in preferences for status (having others' admiration) versus power (controlling valuable resources). Studies 1 to 3 and 7 concerned interpersonal motives in workplace contexts, and found that stronger communal motives (to have mutual trust, support, and cooperation) predicted being more attracted to status (but not power) and achieving more workplace status, while stronger agentic motives (to be firm, decisive, and influential) predicted being more attracted to and achieving more workplace power, and experiencing a stronger connection between workplace power and job satisfaction. Studies 4 to 6 found similar effects for intergroup motives: Stronger communal motives predicted wanting one's ingroup (e.g., country) to have status but not power relative to other groups. Finally, most people preferred status over power, and this was especially true for women, which was partially explained by women having stronger communal motives.
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(2017): Power Moves Beyond Complementarity. A Staring Look Elicits Avoidance in Low Power Perceivers and Approach in High Power Perceivers. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 43 (8), S. 1188-1201. DOI: 10.1177/0146167217708576
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28903712 Abstract: Sustained, direct eye-gaze—staring—is a powerful cue that elicits strong responses in many primate and nonprimate species. The present research examined whether fleeting experiences of high and low power alter individuals’ spontaneous responses to the staring gaze of an onlooker. We report two experimental studies showing that sustained, direct gaze elicits spontaneous avoidance tendencies in low power perceivers and spontaneous approach tendencies in high power perceivers. These effects emerged during interactions with different targets and when power was manipulated between-individuals (Study 1) and within-individuals (Study 2), thus attesting to a high degree of flexibility in perceivers’ reactions to gaze cues. Together, the present findings indicate that power can break the cycle of complementarity in individuals’ spontaneous responding: Low power perceivers complement and move away from, and high power perceivers reciprocate and move toward, staring onlook ers. (Ps ycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Whether power holders construe their power as responsibility or opportunity influences their tendency to take advice from others. In: Journal of Organizational Behavior 38 (7), S. 923-949. DOI: 10.1002/job.2171
Abstract: Investigated different responses that power holders demonstrate in their tendency to take advice depending on the construal of power. A field study was conducted with 49 supervisors (mean age 42 years) and 54 of their subordinates (mean age 36 years) representing a wide range of organizations and industries in Australia, Malaysia, and Israel. A second field study was conducted with 217 individuals (mean age 42 years) in high-power positions in Chile and the Netherlands. A final experiment was performed with 75 Western Europeans (mean age 21 years), in which participants were assigned to a more or less powerful role. Across all three investigations, higher tendencies to take advice were observed among individuals who construed their power as a responsibility as opposed to an opportunity. Furthermore, the impact of construal of power on advice-taking was moderated by a heightened perceived value of advice, but not by decreased confidence in personal judgments or personal sense of power. As a result, openness to advice-taking when power was construed as a responsibility occurred regardless of whether advice was offered by subordinates, expert advisors, or a less powerful person. Future research imperatives include an examination of possible gender differences in the observed effects.
2016
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(2016): Supplemental Material for Power and the Pursuit of a Partner’s Goals. In: Journal of personality and social psychology. DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000048.supp
Abstract: We investigated how power dynamics in close relationships influence the tendency to devote resources to the pursuit of goals valued by relationship partners, hypothesizing that low (vs. high) power in relationships would lead individuals to center their individual goal pursuit around the goals of their partners. We study 2 related phenomena: partner goal prioritization, whereby individuals pursue goals on behalf of their partners, and partner goal contagion, whereby individuals identify and adopt as their own the goals that their partner pursues. We tested our ideas in 5 studies that employed diverse research methods, including lab experiments and dyadic studies of romantic partners, and multiple types of dependent measures, including experience sampling reports, self-reported goal commitment, and behavioral goal pursuit in a variety of goal domains. Despite this methodological diversity, the studies provided clear and consistent evidence that individuals with low power in their relationships are especially likely to engage in both partner goal prioritization and partner goal contagion. zitiert von 16
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(2016): Vom Umgang mit eigenen und fremden Machten in der Fuhrung
Abstract: Erganzend zur emotionalen Kompetenz wird der Begriff der Machtkompetenz als eine aktuelle Anforderung an Fuhrungskrafte eingefuhrt und entwickelt. Machtkompetenz wird gerade in bewegten Zeiten fur besonders notwendig erachtet. Sechs Konzepte aus der einschlagigen Literatur zum Thema Macht werden vorgestellt als Hilfestellung fur die Reflexion des Themas im Kontext von Fuhrungskrafte-Coachings: (1) Motivstrukturen von Fuhrungskraften, (2) Entwicklungsstadien des Machtmotivs, (3) personliche Glaubenssatze, (4) vier Machtverhaltensstile, (5) subjektive Machtbasen, (6) genderspezifische Aspekte.
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(2016): Power and sadomasochism. Understanding the antecedents of a knotty relationship. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 7 (2), S. 142-148
Abstract: Examined the relationship between social power and sexual arousal to consensual sadomasochism. A large sample of 14,306 men and women (mean age 33 years) completed the Dominance subscale of the Achievement Motivation Scale and the Sadism and Masochism fantasy subscales of the Violent Sexual Interest Questionnaire (VSIQ). Results showed that power increases the arousal to sadomasochism, after controlling for age and dominance. Furthermore, the effect of power on arousal by sadistic thoughts is stronger among women than among men, while the effect of power on arousal by masochistic thoughts is stronger among men than women. These findings refute common beliefs, reinforced through novels such as Fifty Shades of Grey, that the desire for sadomasochism reflects a desire to play out power dynamics in the bedroom. Instead, the effect of power is driven through a process of disinhibition that leads people to disregard sexual norms in general and disregard sexual norms associated with their gender in particular. These results add to an emerging literature that social power changes traditional gender patterns in sex. zitiert von 4
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(2016): Self-Regulation and Power. How Self-Regulatory Failures Can Enhance Social Power. In: Social and Personality Psychology Compass 10 (1), S. 41-49. DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12228
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12228 Abstract: Low self‐control is often associated with poor life outcomes. Here, we propose that self‐control failures may also provide social benefits by signaling and maintaining power. We identify several pathways by which reduced self‐control can assist in ascending social hierarchies. First, the self‐enhancing tendencies adopted by people with low self‐control may contribute to making positive first impressions and advertising power to new acquaintances. The direct and disinhibited communication styles that stem from self‐control failures may also enhance power and lubricate difficult social interactions. Disinhibited aggression can help people maintain and acquire material resources and establish dominance over rivals. Finally, the parallels between the behavior of people with low self‐control and people with power (e.g., self‐enhancement, disinhibition, approach‐orientation, aggression) suggest that people with impaired self‐control will be perceived as more powerfu l than people with intact self‐control. Evidence for these propositions and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Power, Interaction, Position, and the Generation of Cultural Agreement in Organizations. In: Human Relations 49 (1), S. 75-104. DOI: 10.1177/001872679604900104
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679604900104 Abstract: Examined the role of differing assumptions about the effect of power, interaction, and position in cultural viewpoints in organizations by content analyzing the stories that private school faculty, administrators, and staff told about their school organization. Differences in formal power, informal influence, and organizational position led to differences in stories that signified different cultural viewpoints. Results suggest that the effects predicted from the integration, differentiation, and fragmentation perspectives are likely to be jointly present in organizations. It is also suggested that an understanding of formal and informal position in organizations can enhance appreciation of the subtleties of cultural understanding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 75
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(2016): Interkulturelle Psychologie. Verstehen und Handeln in internationalen Kontexten. Göttingen: Hogrefe
Abstract: Dieses Buch beleuchtet auf der Grundlage von psychologischen Theorien und Forschungsergebnissen die psychischen Prozesse, die beim Aufeinandertreffen von Menschen aus verschiedenen Kulturen beteiligt sind. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden typische interkulturelle Begegnungssituationen geschildert und analysiert. Weitere Kapitel thematisieren, wie interkulturelle Handlungskompetenz entsteht, und zeigen Möglichkeiten auf, diese anhand von interkulturellen Trainings zu fördern. - Inhalt: (1) Einführung: Kultur und interkulturelle Interaktion. (2) Interkulturelles Handeln und psychologische Prozesse. (3) Entwicklung des Selbstbildes, des Fremdbildes und des vermuteten Fremdbildes. (4) Entwicklung des Fremdverstehens. (5) Entwicklung und Wirkungen interpersonaler Interaktionsprozesse in interkulturellen Kontexten [Sozialer Vergleich; Gerechtigkeit; soziale Interdependenz; Macht und soziale Dominanz; soziale Netzwerke; Konflikte; Minoritäten]. . (6) Stress und Stressbewältigung im Kontext interkulturellen Handelns. (7) Entwicklung interkultureller Handlungskompetenz. (8) Interkulturelle Trainings. (9) Interkulturelle Psychologie in der Praxis. zitiert von 4
Keywords: conflict, Context, Cross Cultural Communication, Cross Cultural Psychology, Cultural Sensitivity, dominance, Entreprises multinationales, Ethnopsychologie, Gestion interculturelle, Interpersonal Control, Interpersonal Interaction, Justice, Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, Self-Concept, Sensitivity Training, Social Comparison, social networks, Social Perception, Stress -
(2016): Frauen und Macht. In: Psychoanalytische Familientherapie 17 (1), S. 39-52
Abstract: Aus psychoanalytischer Perspektive wird die Thematik der weiblichen Macht reflektiert. Basierend auf eigenen Erfahrungen aus der Fuhrung der DGPT (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Psychoanalyse, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Tiefenpsychologie) wird eine Femininisierung weniger angesehener Positionen in der Gesellschaft diskutiert. Daruber hinaus wird auf unbewusste individuelle und kollektive Weiblichkeitskonstruktionen eingegangen, die als entscheidende Faktoren bezuglich weiblicher Macht vornehmlich die Verschrankungen odipaler und praodipaler Identifizierungen in der weiblichen Entwicklung betonen. Im Gegensatz zu diesen Theorien wird vorgeschlagen, anstelle einer Logik der Macht den Begriff der Verantwortlichkeit fur einen sozialpsychologischen und analytischen Diskurs um weibliche Macht aufzunehmen und an diesen Denkkonzepten weiterzuarbeiten.
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(2016): Männer und Macht - Frauen und Macht. In: Psychoanalytische Familientherapie 17 (1), S. 53-66
Abstract: Geschlechtsunterschiede im Umgang mit Macht werden beleuchtet. Nach einer persönlichen Positionierung im Diskurs über Autorität und Macht auf der Grundlage von Erfahrungen der "antiautoritären Generation" in der Auseinandersetzung mit gesellschaftlichen Autoritäten wird der enge Zusammenhang von Narzissmus, Macht und antisozialem Verhalten thematisiert. Auf dieser Grundlage wird der Problematik des Machtmissbrauchs nachgegangen, der am Beispiel von antisozialen Persönlichkeitsstörungen, Gewaltkriminalität und sexueller Gewalt illustriert wird. Anhand der bei Männern deutlich häufiger vorkommenden Formen des Machtmissbrauch wird verdeutlicht, wie Macht Männer stärker als Frauen dazu verleitet, ihrem malignen Narzissmus freien Lauf zu lassen und ihre narzisstische Selbst- und Weltsicht in der Realität zu bestätigen.
2015
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(2015): How Threats to Masculinity Sequentially Cause Public Discomfort, Anger, and Ideological Dominance Over Women. In: Social Psychology 46 (4), S. 242-254. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000248
Abstract: This research examined whether threats to masculinity both inspired men’s efforts to reestablish their power over women via the promotion of ideologies that implicitly subordinate women and occurred when men were outperformed by women in masculine domains. Masculinity was threatened by telling men they scored like women on a gender knowledge test (Rudman & Fairchild, 2004), which sequentially led to more concern about how they were perceived by others, increased anger, and the increased endorsement of social dominance orientation (Study 1a) and benevolent sexism (Study 1b). Study 2 additionally shows that men experienced threats to masculinity when outperformed by women in masculine domains; when outperformed by a woman, men reported more concern about how they looked to others, which predicted increased anger and the subsequent sexualization of the woman. The findings link masculinity threats to the promotion of ideologies that implicitly subordinate women; the consequences of these linkages are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 21
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(2015): Sex as a source of power?. Backlash against self-sexualizing women. In: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 19 (1), S. 110-124. DOI: 10.1177/1368430214558312
Abstract: Although women are thought to possess sexual power, they risk social and economic penalties (i.e., backlash; Rudman, 1998) when they self-sexualize (i.e., assert their power; Cahoon & Edmonds, 1989; Glick, Larsen, Johnson, & Branstiter, 2005). Why? Drawing on the status incongruity hypothesis (SIH), which predicts backlash against powerful women because they challenge the gender hierarchy, prejudice was expected against self-sexualizing women to be explained by a dominance penalty rather than a communality deficit (Rudman, Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Nauts, 2012). Two experiments supported this hypothesis, and Experiment 3 further showed that the dominance penalty was explained by ascribing power motives to self-sexualized women. These findings extend the SIH's utility to the domain of self-sexualization and illuminate the scope of people's discomfort with female power. In conclusion, implications for the advancement of gender equality are discussed. zitiert von 6
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(2015): The Power to Oblige. Power, Gender, Negotiation Behaviors, and Their Consequences. In: Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 8 (1), S. 1-24. DOI: 10.1111/ncmr.12045
Abstract: This study experimentally examined how power and gender affect negotiation behaviors and how those behaviors affect negotiated outcomes. One hundred and forty‐six dyads, in four combinations of power and gender, negotiated compensation agreements. In line with gender stereotypes, male negotiators were more dominating and females more obliging and somewhat more compromising. However, partially challenging the common association of power and masculinity, high‐power negotiators were less dominating and more collaborating, obliging and avoiding than their low‐power opponents. Generally, feminine and high‐power behaviors induced agreement while masculine and low‐power behaviors enhanced distributive personal gain. The study also assessed patterns of behavioral reciprocity and used sophisticated analytic tools to control for dyadic interdependence. Therefore it helps to elucidate the negotiation process and the role that power and its interplay with gender play in it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 21
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(2015): The prosocial versus proself power holder. How power influences sacrifice in romantic relationships. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 41 (6), S. 779-790. DOI: 10.1177/0146167215579054
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215579054 Abstract: Romantic partners often have to sacrifice their interests to benefit their partner or to maintain the relationship. In the present work, we investigated whether relative power within the relationship plays an important role in determining the extent to which partners are likely to sacrifice. Drawing from both classic theories and recent research on power, we tested two competing predictions on the relationship between power and sacrifice in romantic relationships. We tested whether (a) power is negatively related to sacrifice and (b) power is positively related to sacrifice. Furthermore, we also explored whether the association between power and sacrifice is moderated by commitment and inclusion of the other in the self. To test our hypotheses, we used different methodologies, including questionnaires, diary studies, and videotaped interactions. Results across the five studies (N = 1,088) consistently supported the hypothesis that power is negatively related to tendencies to sacrifice in close relationships. zitiert von 21
Keywords: Adult, Courtship, Female, Humans, Interaction, Interpersonal Control, Interpersonal Interaction, Interpersonal Relations, Intimacy, Male, Partnerschaft/ Beziehung, Persönlichkeitspsychologie, POWER, Power (Psychology), Prosocial Behavior, Relationship Quality Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): Adolescent, Romance, Social Behavior, Sozialpsychologie, Young