Alle Publikationen
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2016
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(2016): Kindersoldatinnen und -soldaten als Flüchtlinge in Deutschland. In: PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE 65 (10), S. 763-780. DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2016.65.10.763
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923337 Abstract: Child Soldiers as Refugees in Germany How do former child soldiers cope with their potentially traumatic experiences, and how do the living conditions as refugees influence these coping processes? A dissertation at the faculty of human and social sciences at the University of Wuppertal, based on biographical-narrative interviews with 15 young refugees from six African countries, describes the characteristics of the traumatic sequences in the countries of origin and in exile, and elaborates typical coping processes. In order to survive a situation of absolute subjection within armed groups, children develop forms of adequate adaptation to the context like regulation and detachment of emotions e.g. with the use of drugs, assimilation to an idea of "hard masculinity" etc. They become victims, witnesses and often perpetrators of extreme violence (man-made-disaster), respectively traumatic processes can be seen in all sequences. After leaving the armed groups there is no way back into the families and communities destroyed by armed conflict, so they become refugees. In Germany, they are subjected to a bureaucratic and excluding asylum system, in which decisions on all relevant areas of life (age determination, place and right of residence, form of accommodation, access to education, etc.) are imposed on them. Especially the insecure right of residence and the living conditions in refugee camps are severe risk factors, impeding stabilization. Social support, e. g. by competent professionals, access to trauma- and culture-sensitive psychotherapy, societal inclusion, but also personal resilience are essential for coping with trauma and developing new future perspectives.
Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Africa/ethnology, Armed Conflicts/psychology, Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), culture sensitive, Defense Mechanisms, Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Female, Germany, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Military Personnel/psychology, Minors/psychology, Pathologie, Psychologie, Refugees/psychology, Social Conditions, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Trauma, Young Adult 2008
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(2008): Dissociative experience and cultural neuroscience. Narrative, metaphor and mechanism. In: Culture, medicine and psychiatry 32 (1), S. 31-64. DOI: 10.1007/s11013-007-9077-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18213511 Abstract: Approaches to trance and possession in anthropology have tended to use outmoded models drawn from psychodynamic theory or treated such dissociative phenomena as purely discursive processes of attributing action and experience to agencies other than the self. Within psychology and psychiatry, understanding of dissociative disorders has been hindered by polemical "either/or" arguments: either dissociative disorders are real, spontaneous alterations in brain states that reflect basic neurobiological phenomena, or they are imaginary, socially constructed role performances dictated by interpersonal expectations, power dynamics and cultural scripts. In this paper, we outline an approach to dissociative phenomena, including trance, possession and spiritual and healing practices, that integrates the neuropsychological notions of underlying mechanism with sociocultural processes of the narrative construction and social presentation of the self. This integrative model, grounded in a cultural neuroscience, can advance ethnographic studies of dissociation and inform clinical approaches to dissociation through careful consideration of the impact of social context.
Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Brain/physiopathology, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Culture, Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology/psychology, Female, Humans, Konstruktion des Selbst, Magic, Mental Healing, metaphor, Narration, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, Religion and Psychology, Social Conformity, Witchcraft
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