Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): On the social appropriateness of discrimination
Abstract: We experimentally investigate the relationship between discriminatory behaviour and the perceived social appropriateness of discrimination. We test the framework of Akerlof and Kranton (2000,2005), which suggests discrimination will be stronger when social norms favour it. Our results support this prediction. Using a Krupka-Weber social norm elicitation task, we find participants perceive it to be more socially appropriate to discriminate on the basis of social identities artificially induced, using a trivial minimal group technique, than on the basis of nationality. Correspondingly, we find that participants discriminate more in the artificial identity setting. Our results suggest norms and the preference to comply with them affect discriminatory decisions and that the social inappropriateness of discrimination can be a moderator of discriminatory behaviour.
Keywords: Appropriateness, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), CEDEX, Diskrimination, Diskriminatives Verhalten, Diskriminierung, economics, Entscheidungsforschung, Gruppenverhalten, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Norm, wahrgenommene Angemessenheit von Diskrimination 2017
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(2017): The aesthetics of minorities against the correlation of strong institutionalism, scientism and technicality. on the voice-praxis of the minorities as art-literature. In: CLAREIRA-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA DA REGIAO AMAZONICA (4/1), S. 13-48
Abstract: In the paper, we defend that the aesthetic voice-praxis allows to social movements, citizen initiatives and political-cultural minorities the self-expression and self-affirmation from themselves and by themselves in terms of lyrical-political I-We, so that to frame and overcome the correlation of strong institutionalism, scientism and technicality which characterizes the constitution, legitimation, evolution and social-political linking of modern institutions, such as science, law, political parties and economy. These modern institutions or social systems are logical-technical, non-political and non-normative structures-subjects, marked and streamlined for a self-referential and self-subsisting dynamics which is eminently endogenous, autonomous and overlap in relation to the spontaneity and informality of the epistemological-political subjects, values and practices proper to civil society, centralizing and monopolizing the constitution, programming and functioning of their fields of research and objects and, from here, framing the own voice-praxis of these civil society's epistemological-political subjects in their nowadays action and relatively to institutions. In this sense, in the correlation of strong institutionalism, scientism and technicality, the institutions become the basis, the arena, the value and the epistemological-political subject par excellence and exclusive of the foundation of themselves and even relating to the social-cultural structuration and evolution, peripherizing the informal and spontaneous epistemological-political subjects of civil society. Against this apolitical and depoliticizing tendency assumed by modern social systems, we argue in favor of an aesthetics of the minorities that enables both their spontaneous and informal, political, politicizing and normative self-affirmation and self-expression, with no scientist and institutionalist mediations, and a political-normative praxis which is alternative and opposed to strong institutionalism and its scientism and technicism, because it is inclusive, participative and direct. Therefore, the social criticism, political-normative praxis and cultural resistance need a non-systemic, non-institutionalist, non-technicist and non-scientificist voice-praxis that can be founded and allowed by aesthetics in its anti-paradigmatic, non- institutionalist and anti-scientificist sense.
Keywords: Ästhetik, Bruch, Diskriminierung, Fehlverhalten, Gesellschaft, institutionalism, Interaktion, Kunstgeschichte, Minderheiten, minorities, Normativität, Normen, Poesie in der Politik, scientism, social systems, Soziale Klasse / Schicht, Soziale Systeme, soziokulturelle Strukturen, Subjekte, subversive, technicism, Technizität -
(2017): Kant, Oppression, and the Possibility of Nonculpable Failures to Respect Oneself. In: The Southern Journal of Philosophy 55 (3), S. 285-305. DOI: 10.1111/sjp.12242
Abstract: I argue that Kant's ethical framework cannot countenance a certain kind of failure to respect oneself that can occur within oppressive social contexts. Kant's assumption that any person, qua rational being, has guaranteed epistemic access to the moral law as the standard of good action and the capacity to act upon this standard makes autonomy an achievement within the individual agent's power, but this is contrary to a feminist understanding of autonomy as a relational achievement that can be thwarted by the systematic attack on autonomy that occurs within oppressive social conditions. Insofar as Kant's negative duty of self-respect is unable to accommodate the ways immersion in oppressive social environments can warp an individual's understanding of what she is owed and capable of as a moral agent, it perpetuates the cruelty of unjust social systems in the guise of respecting individual autonomy. I conclude by considering Carol Hay's argument that those who are oppressed have an obligation to themselves to resist their own oppression, in order to explore how this limitation in how Kant conceives of the duty to respect the self may reach expression in contemporary ethical theory inspired by Kant.
Keywords: agency, Autonomie, Diskriminierung, Disziplin, Ethik, feminism, Feminismus, Gender, Handlungsmacht, Hay, Kant, Macht, Modelle/Theorien, Moral, moral agents, moralische Gesetze, moralisches Wissen, Moralphilosophie, oppressive social systems, Philosophie, Respekt, social systems, ethics, Three main normative ethic perspectives Kant, Utilitarismus virtue ethics, Unterdrückungssysteme 2015
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(2015): Verecundia, risa y decoro. Cicerón y el arte de insultar. In: Isegoría (53), S. 445-473. DOI: 10.3989/isegoria.2015.053.01
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/isegoria.2015.053.01 Abstract: Sobre la risa puede hablarse de muchas maneras; cabe, por ejemplo, una aproximación fisiológica, otra psicológica o una tercera sociológica, que los antiguos no desatendieron por completo, si bien Cicerón prefirió investigar sus posibilidades retóricas. A nadie se le oculta la relevancia de chanzas y chistes para disponer a la audiencia de manera favorable o para ridiculizar al adversario; tampoco que esta estrategia, a despecho de su efectividad y por la misma, puede sobrepasar los límites de lo aceptable o de lo provechoso. Cuestión tanto más grave cuanto que el orador puede y debe reírse de asuntos que, considerados en sí mismos, carecen de gracia. La retórica ciceroniana de la risa plantea y desemboca en una ética y una táctica del humor atenta al estudio y posible codificación de los principios rectores de tan poderoso recurso, que debe utilizarse de manera conveniente, adecuada y decorosa (pues de todas estas formas puede traducirse la palabra griega prépon y la latina decorum), lo cual presupone que no siempre es así y, por lo que interesa en estas páginas, que hay risas indebidas, próximas al vituperio, que pueden acarrear dificultades a quien las provoca, pues siempre es peligroso reírse de los poderosos. Cicerón, sin duda, era un individuo que insultaba mucho, con ingenio, gracia y en ocasiones con extraordinaria agresividad.~~~
2010
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(2010): Mental health care and the politics of inclusion. A social systems account of psychiatric deinstitutionalization. In: Theoretical medicine and bioethics 31 (6), S. 411-427. DOI: 10.1007/s11017-010-9155-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20711755 Abstract: This paper provides an interpretation, based on the social systems theory of German sociologist Niklas Luhmann, of the recent paradigmatic shift of mental health care from an asylum-based model to a community-oriented network of services. The observed shift is described as the development of psychiatry as a function system of modern society and whose operative goal has moved from the medical and social management of a lower and marginalized group to the specialized medical and psychological care of the whole population. From this theoretical viewpoint, the wider deployment of the modern social order as a functionally differentiated system may be considered to be a consistent driving force for this process; it has made asylum psychiatry overly incompatible with prevailing social values (particularly with the normative and regulative principle of inclusion of all individuals in the different functional spheres of society and with the common patterns of participation in modern function systems) and has, in turn, required the availability of psychiatric care for a growing number of individuals. After presenting this account, some major challenges for the future of mental health care provision, such as the overburdening of services or the overt exclusion of a significant group of potential users, are identified and briefly discussed.
Keywords: Bioethics,, Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration, Deinstitutionalization, Diskriminierung, Ethik, Fehlverhalten, Gesellschaftsprofit, Health Services Accessibility, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Medizin, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Pathologie, Patient Care Team, Pflege, Politics, Psychiatry/trends, social systems, ethics, Social Values, Soziale Ordnung, Spain, systems theory, Werte 2008
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Petersen, Lars-Eric (2008): Stereotype, Vorurteile und soziale Diskriminierung. Theorien Befunde und Interventionen. 1. Aufl.. Weinheim [u.a.]: Beltz PVU
2006
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(2006): Alcohol and the Jews (again), race and medicine (again). On race and medicine in historical perspective. In: PATTERNS OF PREJUDICE 40 (4-5), S. 335-352
Abstract: The question of why or whether Jews have a resistance to alcoholism is now the subject of genetic research. Parallel to investigations into such perceived resistance in other groups (such as ‘Asians’), the recent work makes global claims that can be shown to have very specific social and historical origins. The accusation that the Jews abused alcohol was rebutted in the eighteenth century as Jews entered into the German-speaking public sphere. The key to such access was adherence to rules of ‘decorum’, and the public consumption of alcohol was central to this project.
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(2006): Idiocy in Virginia, 1616-1860. In: BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 80 (4), S. 677-701
Abstract: Like the English, Virginians tended to think that idiocy, a condition analogous to intellectual disability in the twenty-first century, was congenital, untreatable, and incurable, and they adopted legal remedies that corresponded closely to the laws of England. In addition, concepts of idiocy reflected some of the unique aspects of Virginia's social system, which was dominated by a coterie of powerful men. With a need to preserve social order and maintain decorum, the Virginia legislature established in 1769 the Eastern State Hospital to house unruly and objectionable people who were mentally disabled. Although idiots were among the hospital's first patients, they were eventually banished due to their presumed failure to respond to treatment. The social stigma attached to idiocy extended from Virginia's city streets and jails to the private homes of prominent families. Personal reticence regarding shameful family matters hid the identity of people thought to be intellectually disabled. Even Thomas Jefferson, a prolific author, entered only cryptic notes about the limitations of his sister, Elizabeth. In summary, Virginians' response to idiocy suggests a two-tiered approach: public disclosure and disdain of poor and dependent people with intellectual disabilities, and silent avoidance of the problem in prominent families. In both situations, idiocy represented images of shame and humiliation that threatened the social order.
Keywords: Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Beispiel, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, decorum, Diskriminierung, Fehlverhalten, Geschichte, Gesellschaftsprofit, "idiocy", Medizin, Mental Health, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Ordnung, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext 1990
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(1990): Debating Decorum - Ethical Issues, Mythical Firms Part Of Inns Of Court Meeting. In: ABA Journal 76
Abstract: Imagine you are a member of the executive committee of the newly formed Washington, D.C., law firm Dewey, Cheatham and Howe. The firm has a Middle Eastern client named "Hanafi" who rules a country where women are disenfranchised and domestically submissive. Hanafi provides 40 percent of the firm's business and is insisting that a male lawyer be substituted for the female lawyer handling his case. Do you make the switch? The dilemma was part of a panel debate at the sixth annual meeting of the American Inns of Court (AIC), one of the nation's newest bench and bar organizations. (See May 1990 ABA Journal, 24)
Keywords: decorum, Diskriminierung, Ethics, Gender, Judikative, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Rechtswissenschaft, Werte
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