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2015
Kato, Y.; Kanda, T.; Ishiguro, H. (2015) : May I help you? - Design of Human-like Polite Approaching Behavior-: 2015 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Portland, Oregon, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 35-42

Abstract: When should service staff initiate interaction with a visitor? Neither simply-proactive (e.g. talk to everyone in a sight) nor passive (e.g. wait until being talked to) strategies are desired. This paper reports our modeling of polite approaching behavior. In a shopping mall, there are service staff members who politely approach visitors who need help. Our analysis revealed that staff members are sensitive to ‘intentions’ of nearby visitors. That is, when a visitor intends to talk to a staff member and starts to approach, the staff member also walks a few steps toward the visitors in advance to being talked. Further, even when not being approached, staff members exhibit ”availability” behavior in the case that a visitor’s intention seems uncertain. We modeled these behaviors that are adaptive to pedestrians’ intentions, occurred prior to initiation of conversation. The model was implemented into a robot and tested in a real shopping mall. The experiment confirmed that the proposed method is less intrusive to pedestrians, and that our robot successfully initiated interaction with pedestrians.

Keywords: Adaptation models, availability behavior, Behavior Design, Collaboration, Estimation, ieee xplore, initiation of interaction, Intention estimation, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), Micromechanical devices, nearby visitors, polite approaching behavior, robot programming, Robot sensing systems, service staff members, shopping mall, Task Analysis
2013
Glas, D. F.; Wada, K.; Shiomi, M.; Kanda, T.; Ishiguro, H.; Hagita, N. (2013) : Personal service: A robot that greets people individually based on observed behavior patterns: 2013 8th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Tokyo, Japan: IEEE, S. 129-130

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2013.6483535

Abstract: We are developing an interactive service robot which provides personal greetings to customers, using a machine-learning approach based on observations of a customer’s appearance or behavior from on-board or environmental sensors. For each visit, several features are recorded, such as “time of day” or “number of people in group.” A set of classifiers trained by human coders compare the current features with the person’s individual history, to determine an appropriate feature for a robot to speak about. This system enables the robot to make context-appropriate comments such as “good morning, you’re here very early today.” We present the design of our system and an encouraging set of preliminary prediction results based on one month of data taken from real customers at a shopping mall.

Keywords: Accuracy, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), context-appropriate comments, customer appearance, customer behavior, environmental sensors, Feature extraction, History, human coders, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, interactive service robot, learning (artificial intelligence), long-term interaction, machine-learning approach, observed behavior patterns, personal greetings, personal service, Robot sensing systems, Sensors, service robot, shopping mall
Liu, P.; Glas, D. F.; Kanda, T.; Ishiguro, H.; Hagita, N. (2013) : It’s not polite to point Generating socially-appropriate deictic behaviors towards people: 2013 8th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Tokyo, Japan: IEEE, S. 267-274

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2013.6483598

Abstract: Pointing behaviors are used for referring to objects and people in everyday interactions, but the behaviors used for referring to objects are not necessarily polite or socially appropriate for referring to humans. In this study, we confirm that although people would point precisely to an object to indicate where it is, they were hesitant to do so when pointing to another person. We propose a model for generating socially-appropriate deictic behaviors in a robot. The model is based on balancing two factors: understandability and social appropriateness. In an experiment with a robot in a shopping mall, we found that the robot’s deictic behavior was perceived as more polite, more natural, and better overall when using our model, compared with a model considering understandability alone.

Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Data Collection, Data models, Fingers, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Indexes, intelligent robots, pointing behaviors, pointing gesture, Robots, shopping mall, social appropriateness, social robots, social sciences, socially-appropriate deictic robot behavior generation, understandability, Visualization

2015

2013

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