Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017) : Culture, Brain, and Behavior In: Tibayrenc, Michel; Ayala, Francisco José (Hg.): On human nature: Biology, psychology, ethics, politics, and religion: Amsterdam; Boston; Heidelberg; London; New York; Oxford; Paris; San Diego; San Francisco; Singapore; Sydney; Tokio: Academic Press an imprint of Elsevier, S. 579-597
Abstract: This chapter discusses the reciprocal development of genes, brain, and culture in shaping significant aspects of social and political behavior. The interaction between biology and culture is mutually reciprocal and intertwined. Processes of neural plasticity allow cultural practices to inform brain development in a profoundly social context just as human imagination and invention can shift cultural practices over time. This chapter outlines work that has examined these interconnections and ways in which future research might study developmental effects to enlighten our understanding of important social and political phenomena, including the emergence and manifestation of mental illness and political polarization.
2015
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(2015) : Robot Form and Motion Influences Social Attention: 2015 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Portland, Oregon, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 43-50
Abstract: For social robots to be successful, they need to be accepted by humans. Human-robot interaction (HRI) researchers are aware of the need to develop the right kinds of robots with appropriate, natural ways for them to interact with humans. However, much of human perception and cognition occurs outside of conscious awareness, and how robotic agents engage these processes is currently unknown. Here, we explored automatic, reflexive social attention, which operates outside of conscious control within a fraction of a second to discover whether and how these processes generalize to agents with varying humanlikeness in their form and motion. Using a social variant of a well-established spatial attention paradigm, we tested whether robotic or human appearance and/or motion influenced an agent’s ability to capture or direct implicit social attention. In each trial, either images or videos of agents looking to one side of space (a head turn) were presented to human observers. We measured reaction time to a peripheral target as an index of attentional capture and direction. We found that all agents, regardless of humanlike form or motion, were able to direct spatial attention in the cued direction. However, differences in the form of the agent affected attentional capture, i.e., how quickly the observers could disengage attention from the agent and respond to the target. This effect further interacted with whether the spatial cue (head turn) was presented through static images or videos. Overall whereas reflexive social attention operated in the same manner for human and robot social agents for spatial attentional cueing, robotic appearance, as well as whether the agent was static or moving significantly influenced unconscious attentional capture processes. These studies reveal how unconscious social attentional processes operate when the agent is a human vs. a robot, add novel manipulations to the literature such as the role of visual motion, and provide a link between attention studies in HRI, and decades of research on unconscious social attention in experimental psychology and vision science.Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems -Human factors. H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces - Evaluation/methodology, User-Centered DesignGeneral TermsDesign, Human Factors.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), automatic attention, Biology, Cognition, conscious awareness, conscious control, cued direction, Experimental Psychology, head turn, HRI, human appearance, Human Factors, human observers, human perception, humanlike form, Humanlikeness, human-robot interaction, Human-robot interaction researchers, ieee xplore, implicit social attention, Kinematics, Mobile robots, motion influences social attention, PSYCHOLOGY, reflexive social attention, robot design, robot form, Robot sensing systems, robotic agents, robotic appearance, Social Attention, social robots, social variant, Spatial Attention, spatial attention paradigm, spatial attentional cueing, spatial cue, static images, Time measurement, unconscious attentional capture processes, unconscious social attention, unconscious social attentional processes, user interfaces, User/Machine Systems-Human factors, varying humanlikeness, Videos, visual motion, Visual Perception 2013
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(2013) : Bio-inspired solutions for intelligent android perception and control: 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS): Social Implications of Wearable Computing and Augmediated Reality in Everyday Life: Toronto, Canada: IEEE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2013.6613096 Abstract: Summary form only given. After more than half of century of manufacturing-oriented robotics, robots are now evolving and expanding into new applications involving a human-style interaction with people in unstructured environments. Such an endeavour requires a different set of skills for the new generation of robots, which are expected to exhibit an increased ability to intelligently connect perception to action. Due to their expected omnipresence in the lives of people, the new-generation robots should be sensitive to the attitudes and expectations of normal people. They should be endowed with more efficient interaction capabilities allowing for a higher degree of flexibility and autonomy in order to make appropriate decisions in routine and emergency situations. In order to naturally blend within human society, the new-generation robots should not only look as humans, but should also behave as much as possible as humans. They are in a way expected to be, as initially imagined by Capek in his R.U.R. Rossum’s Universal Robots play, anthropomorphic artefacts, androids, enabled to think on their own and governed by Asimov’s laws of robotics hardwired into every robot’s positronic brain. While for a long time, engineers have built upon mathematics, physics and chemistry in order to develop an ever growing variety of industrial artefacts and machines, this approach cannot anymore rise to the challenge of designing these androids. The time has now arrived to add biology and more specifically, human anatomy, physiology and psychology to the scientific sources of knowledge to develop a new, bio-inspired, generation of intelligent androids. Advocating this emergent trend, this presentation will discuss a number of relevant issues such as bioinspired robot sensors and neural networks, humanrobot interaction techniques for symbiotic partnership, as well as moral, ethical, theological, legal, and social challenges in a soon-to-be cyborgsociety world.
Keywords: Androids, anthropomorphic artefacts, Asimov law, bio-inspired materials, bioinspired robot sensors, bio-inspired solutions, Biology, cyborg society world, Educational institutions, human anatomy, human robot interaction techniques, Humanoid Robots, human-style interaction, ieee xplore, industrial artefacts, industrial machines, intelligent android control, intelligent android perception, intelligent robots, interaction capability, Law, manufacturing-oriented robotics, Moral & Ethik, Neural Networks, new-generation robots, omnipresence, physiology, PSYCHOLOGY, robot positronic brain, Robot sensing systems, service robot, symbiotic partnership, universal robots play, unstructured environments 1997
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(1997): Preverbal communication in humans and the genesis of culture
Abstract: Discusses the degree to which biological predispositions determine language and speech acquisition in human infants. Topics include: (1) the adaptive significance of genetically determined communicative processes during the preverbal developmental stage; (2) the application of dynamic models in human interaction; (3) the adaptive relevance of human communication; and (4) the coevolution of predispositions for speech acquisition in infants and speech-related didactics in parents. An analogy is made between the early development of communicative capacities in infants and the genesis of culture in human evolution. zitiert von 13
1993
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(1993): Geschlecht, soziale Rolle und aggressives Handeln: Sind Männer aufgrund ihrer physischen Ausstattung aggressiver als Frauen?. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 24 (1)
Abstract: Presents a critical review of biological explanations for gender differences in aggressiveness. The central argument concerns the feasibility of separating biological and environmental factors in empirical research. Results from ethological and psychophysiological studies reveal that even hormonal influences cannot be seen as independent of psychosocial conditions. On the basis of these and other empirical results, it cannot be concluded that men are more aggressive than women because of biological factors. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
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