Alle Publikationen
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2016
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(2016): Agent-based modelling in applied ethology. An exploratory case study of behavioural dynamics in tail biting in pigs. In: Applied Animal Behaviour Science 183, S. 10-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.07.011
Abstract: Understanding behavioural dynamics in pigs is important to assess pig welfare in current intensive pig production systems. Agent-based modelling (ABM) is an approach to gain insight into behavioural dynamics in pigs, but its use in applied ethology and animal welfare science has been limited so far. We used ABM in a case study on tail biting behaviour in pigs to explore the use of ABM in gaining more insight into emergent injurious pig behaviour and related welfare issues in intensive production systems. We developed an agent-based model in Netlogo 5.1.0 to simulate tail biting behaviour of pigs housed in conventional pens in groups of 10. Pigs in the model started as neutral pigs (not involved in biting incidents), but could change into a biter, victim, or both biter and victim. Tail biting behaviour could emerge when pigs were unable to fulfil their internal motivation to explore. The effects of a redirected exploratory motivation, behavioural changes in victims and preference to bite a lying pig on tail biting patterns were tested in our model. The simulations with the agent-based model showed that coincidence in development of a redirected exploratory motivation can lead to tail biting behaviour in pigs and can explain the strong variations in incidence of tail biting behaviour observed in conventionally housed pigs. Behavioural changes in victims and preference to bite a lying pig seem to be of minor importance in the causation of tail biting patterns. The behavioural time budget of a pig might be an important factor in predisposing pigs to or preventing them from becoming a tail biter or a victim. ABM showed to be useful in analysing behavioural dynamics and welfare issues. An advantage for ABM in applied ethology is the availability of data from empirical studies.
2014
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(2014): Social behaviours in dog-owner interactions can serve as a model for designing social robots. In: Interaction Studies 15 (2), S. 143-172. DOI: 10.1075/is.15.2.01far
Abstract: It is essential for social robots to fit in the human society. In order to facilitate this process we propose to use the family dog's social behaviour shown towards humans as an inspiration. In this study we explored dogs' low level social monitoring in dog-human interactions and extracted individually consistent and context dependent behaviours in simple everyday social scenarios. We found that proximity seeking and tail wagging were most individually distinctive in dogs, while activity, orientation towards the owner, and exploration were dependent on the context and/or the activity of the owner. The functional analogues of these dog behaviours can be implemented in social robots of different embodiments in order to make them acceptable and more believable for humans. The paper presents an ethological perspective on designing robot behaviors for successful social interactions with humans. In particular, the types of behaviors that occur in interactions between dogs and their owners are analyzed to provide insights into how robot behaviors should be created. It is essential for social robots to fit in the human society. In order to facilitate this process we propose to use the family dog's social behaviour shown towards humans as an inspiration. In this study we explored dogs' low level social monitoring in dog-human interactions and extracted individually consistent and context dependent behaviours in simple everyday social scenarios. We found that proximity seeking and tail wagging were most individually distinctive in dogs, while activity, orientation towards the owner, and exploration were dependent on the context and/or the activity of the owner. The functional analogues of these dog behaviours can be implemented in social robots of different embodiments in order to make them acceptable and more believable for humans.
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(2014): Improving the modeling of dog-owner interactions for the design of social robots. In: Interaction Studies 15 (2), S. 180-183. DOI: 10.1075/is.15.2.03nic
Abstract: The paper presents an ethological perspective on designing robot behaviors for successful social interactions with humans. In particular, the types of behaviors that occur in interactions between dogs and their owners are analyzed to provide insights into how robot behaviors should be created.
2013
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(2013): Design of social agents. In: Neurocomputing 114, S. 92-97. DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2012.06.046
Abstract: Social behavior, as compared to the egoistic behavior, is known to be more beneficial to groups of subjects and even to individual members of a group. For this reason, social norms naturally emerge as a product of evolution in human and animal populations. The benefit of the social behavior makes it also an interesting subject in the field of artificial agents. Social interactions implemented in computer agents can improve their personal and group performance. In this study we formulate design principles of social agents and use them to create social computer agents. To construct social agents we take two approaches. First, we construct a social computer agent based on our understanding of social behavior. Second, we use an evolutionary approach to create a social agent. The social agents are shown to outperform agents that do not utilize social behavior.
Keywords: Constructing social computer based on social behaviour, Design, Disziplin, Ethologie (Verhaltensforschung), Favoriten, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Kooperation, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Realtechnik, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Robotik, Technik, Volltreffer, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten 2007
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(2007): Audience effects on moralistic punishment☆. In: Evolution and Human Behavior 28 (2), S. 75-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.06.001
Abstract: Punishment has been proposed as being central to two distinctively human phenomena: cooperation in groups and morality. Here we investigate moralistic punishment, a behavior designed to inflict costs on another individual in response to a perceived moral violation. There is currently no consensus on which evolutionary model best accounts for this phenomenon in humans. Models that turn on individuals' cultivating reputations as moralistic punishers clearly predict that psychological systems should be designed to increase punishment in response to information that one's decisions to punish will be known by others. We report two experiments in which we induce participants to commit moral violations and then present third parties with the opportunity to pay to punish wrongdoers. Varying conditions of anonymity, we find that the presence of an audience-even if only the experimenter-causes an increase in moralistic punishment.
Keywords: Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Design, Disziplin, Ethologie (Verhaltensforschung), Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Angemessenheit
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