Alle Publikationen
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2012
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(2012) : Spatial Formation Model for Initiating Conversation In: Trinkle, Jeffrey C.; Matsuoka, Yoky; Castellanos, José A. (Hg.): Robotics: Science and systems VII: Robotics: Science and Systems 2011: June 27-30, 2011: Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Abstract: In a situation where a robot initiates conversation with a person, when is the appropriate timing and where is an appropriate position from which to say the first greeting word? In this study, we analyze human interaction and establish a model for a natural way of initiating conversation. The model mainly concerns the participation state [1] and spatial formation [2]. When a person is going to participate in a conversation, at a moment when a particular spatial formation occurs, she would feel that she is participating in the conversation; once she perceived her participation she would try to maintain particular spatial formations. There are theories in human communication for these concepts [1, 2], but they only cover the situation after people have started to talk. We build a model that precisely describes the constraints and expected behaviors for the phase of initiating conversation. The proposed model is implemented in a humanoid robot, and it is confirmed as effective in an evaluation experiment based on a shopkeeper scenario.
2011
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(2011) : Etiquette In Motivational Agents: Engaging Users And Developing Relationships In: Hayes, Caroline C.; Miller, Christopher Allan (Hg.): Human-computer etiquette: Cultural expectations and the design implications they place on computers and technology: Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, S. 205-230
Abstract: Micro-analysis of face-to-face interaction among humans can tell us a great deal about how to design etiquette into our human-machine interfaces in order to make them more intuitive, robust, and easy to use. Human protocols for conversational turn-taking, indicating understanding, marking emphasis, and displaying presumed relationship status, are but a few of the myriad verbal and nonverbal cues that can be observed in face-to-face interaction and incorporated into our systems. However, one of the most interesting-and challenging aspects of human interaction for both analysis and emulation is that the “rules of engagement”—that is, etiquette-expectations change frequently and ªuidly during a single encounter. A person must know if their interlocutor is engaging in serious talk, social chat, play, storytelling, or joke-telling to know how to interpret their behavior and to respond appropriately. In addition, these rules can also slowly evolve as a pair of interlocutors develops a relationship over time. is chapter will discuss these phenomena in human social interactions and their rami¤cations for developing human-like machine interfaces such as the animated health counselor shown in Figure 9.1. is work focuses on a particular type of application as a motivating example-the use of computerized animated counselors for long-term health behavior change interventions-and why at least some of the interaction styles that are e¢ective in this domain comprise rules of etiquette that would not be considered “nice” by Emily Post.
Keywords: Agent, Antworten im Rahmen einer Konversation, Art der Beziehung zum Interaktionspartner, Betonung, doppelter Treffer, Ernsthaftigkeit einer Situation, Erzählweise, Etikette, Etiquette as rules of expectation, Favoriten, Für spezifische Situationen festgelegte Verhaltensregeln, humor, Konversationskonventionen als Etikette-Erwartungen, Korrespondenz, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Modelle, narrative, Plauderei, Prosody, Realtechnik, Signalisieren von Verstehen, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Distanz, Soziale Robotik, Soziosensitive Systeme, Spiel, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechmelodie, Technik, Theorien, Turn-taking innerhalb der Konsersation, User, Volltreffer, Witze -
(2011) : Anthropomorphism And Social Robots: Setting Etiquette Expectations In: Hayes, Caroline C.; Miller, Christopher Allan (Hg.): Human-computer etiquette: Cultural expectations and the design implications they place on computers and technology: Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, S. 231-262
Abstract: [-]
Keywords: Anthropomorphisierung, doppelter Treffer, Emotionen, Erwartungen, Etikette, Etiquette as rules of expectation, Favoriten, frames, Gestik/Mimik, Konversationskonventionen als Etikette-Erwartungen, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Ohne Abstract oder Text, Realtechnik, Roboter, Rollen, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Soziosensitive Systeme, Status / biologische Marker, Technik 2004
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(2004): Introduction. Special Issue: Human-computer etiquette: Managing expectations with intentional agents. In: Communications of the ACM 47 (4), S. 30-34. DOI: 10.1145/975817.975840
Abstract: When I hit my thumb with a hammer, I get mad at myself, at the person making me do the work, and at the cruel and malignant universe, but I don’t get mad at the hammer. By contrast, when my computer crashes, or fails to give me a file that I know is there, or tells me that I failed to shut it down properly when it was the one that crashed, I get mad at it. True, if I stop to think about it, I may get mad at the people who designed, programmed, or last updated it, but my immediate reaction is more personal. Even my language, as I write this, is illustrative: I hit myself with the hammer, while my computer does things to me. The computer is, at some level, just a hunk of silicon and plastic- every bit as inert as the hammer. Somewhere between the hammer and the computer lies a threshold of complexity and capacity for autonomous action that, when surpasses, tempts us to ascribe agent-like qualities such as awareness and intent. We interact with agents on a social level and increasingly so with increases in the complexity of behavior and of interaction which the agent affords. Since we cant predict or understand all of an agent's actions, should behave in various roles and contexts. These codes enable us to infer what specific behavior mean, in terms of the agent's intentions and beliefs. Not surprisingly, we have evolved a wealth of such expectations for interactions with the most complex and unpredictable agents with whom we regularly work and live - other humans. Some of these codes are quite explicit- such as the communication protocols in which pilots and air traffic controllers are trained, or the rituals of a religious service- but others subtle and largely implicit. These patterns or rules of expectation are what we call "etiquette."
Keywords: doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Etiquette, Etiquette as rules of expectation, Favoriten, Human-Computer Etikette, Human-Computer Etiquette, Komplexität der Maschine, Konversationskonventionen als Etikette-Erwartungen, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen, Mensch-Technische Systeme, Modelle/Theorien, Rolle (Beruf), Soziale Angemessenheit, special issue, Technik, Volltreffer
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