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  • 2016

  • Brown, Christia Spears; Stone, Ellen A. (2016): Gender Stereotypes and Discrimination. How Sexism Impacts Development. In: Advances in child development and behavior 50, S. 105-133. DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2015.11.001

    DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26956071 

    Abstract: In this chapter, we summarize and integrate some of the latest developmental science research on gender stereotypes and discrimination in childhood and adolescence. We focus on five forms of sexism: (a) stereotypes and discrimination against boys regarding their school behaviors and disciplinary actions; (b) stereotypes and discrimination against girls in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains; (c) stereotypes and discrimination in sports; (d) peer gendered harassment, including sexual harassment and teasing because of gender atypicality or nonconformity; and (e) sexualized gender stereotypes that sexually objectify girls and assume boys are sexually voracious. First, we document each type of sexism and examine children's awareness and perceptions of that bias, including their own self-reports and attributions. We examine the implications of this sexism for children and adolescents' developmental health (i.e., social, academic, and psychological well-being). We then draw connections between these various areas of research, focusing on how these different forms of sexism interact to reduce equity and justice among children and negatively impact positive developmental outcomes. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.

    Keywords: Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Bullying, Child, Child development, Female, Gender Identity, Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheit, Humans, Male, Pädagogische Psychologie, Peer Group, Schools, science direct, Sexism, Sexual Harassment, Social Perception, Stereotyping

  • 2014

  • Leaper, Campbell; Brown, Christia Spears (2014) : Sexism in Schools In: Liben, Lynn S.: The role of gender in educational contexts and outcomes, 47: 1. ed.: Amsterdam [u.a.]: Elsevier, Acad. Press (Advances in Child Development and Behavior), S. 189-223

    Abstract: Sexism is gender-based prejudice or discrimination. As with other forms of prejudice and discrimination, it functions to maintain status and power differences between groups in society. One manifestation of sexism involves prejudice and discrimination against girls and women who seek to achieve in prestigious fields traditionally associated with males. Another manifestation of sexism, however, occurs when pressures are placed on boys and men to conform to traditional conceptions of masculinity. Over the last two decades, an increasing number of developmental and educational psychologists have become concerned about sexism directed toward children and adolescents in school contexts. Our chapter reviews the research on this topic. After providing an overview of different processes related to sexism, we examine how it is manifested in school contexts. Sexism is seen through gender-stereotyped biases against girls and boys in academic and athletic achievement. Also, it occurs through sexual harassment in social interactions. We also address factors related to children's awareness of sexism and coping responses to sexism. Finally, we consider possible ways to reduce sexism and foster effective coping in schools.

    Keywords: Academic Achievement, Athletic participation, Geschlechterforschung, Media, Pädagogische Psychologie, Parents, Peers, Schools, science direct, Sexism, Sex-role attitudes, Sexual Harassment, Teachers, Verhaltensforschung

  • 2008

  • Keller, Monika; Malti, Tina (2008) : Sozialisation sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen In: Hurrelmann, Klaus: Handbuch Sozialisationsforschung: 7., vollst. überarb. Aufl.: Weinheim [u.a.]: Beltz (Pädagogik), S. 410-423

    Abstract: Es wird im Überblick informiert über die Sozialisation sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen. Sozialisation wird verstanden als ein konstruktiver Prozess, der sich auf dem Hintergrund der kulturellen Lebenswelt in den vielfältigen sozialen Beziehungen in der Familie, in der Welt der Gleichaltrigen und in der institutionalisierten Erziehung vollzieht. Zunächst wird die Rolle kultureller Erfahrungen für die Entwicklung sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen am Beispiel der moralischen Urteilskompetenz aufgezeigt. Dann werden Sozialisationsprozesse in der Familie und in der Gruppe der Gleichaltrigen diskutiert. Abschließend werden Möglichkeiten der Förderung sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen im Kontext der institutionalisierten Erziehung dargestellt. Es wird besonders hervorgehoben, dass demokratische und partizipatorische Strukturen die Entwicklung der kognitiven und affektiven Aspekte sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen fördern. zitiert von 13

    Keywords: Gruppenverhalten, competence, Moral, Entwicklungspsychologie, Moral Development, Morality, Parent Child Relations, Peer Relations, Schools, Social Skills, Socialization

  • 1998

  • Brown, Erica. (1998): Things of the spirit: Spiritual, moral social and cultural development.. United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. Online verfügbar unter http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9604.00081, zuletzt geprüft am 25.04.2018

     

    Abstract: Discusses the role of the school in affirming the spiritual, moral, social, and cultural development of students. Every school has the opportunity and obligation to meet these needs of its students and to promote core values in its efforts to minister to the development of the whole person. The article concludes with a list of attributes of a 'good' school. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 13

    Keywords: Culture (Anthropological), education, Entwicklungspsychologie, Moral, Moral Development, Psychosocial Development, Schools, Spirituality, VALUES
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