Alle Publikationen
2015
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(2015): Robotic companions for older people: A case study in the wild. In: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine 13, S. 147-152. Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2016-13187-026&site=ehost-live
Abstract: Older people tend to have difficulties using unknown technical devices and are less willing to accept technical shortcomings. Therefore, a robot that is supposed to support older people in managing daily life has to adapt to the users' needs and capabilities that are very heterogeneous within the target group. The aim of the presented case study was to provide in-depth insights on individual usage patterns and acceptance of a mobile service robot in real live environments (i.e. in the users' homes). Results from three cases (users aged 67, 78 and 85 living in their own apartments) are reported. Findings on usability and user experience illustrate that the robot has considerable potential to be accepted to support daily living at home. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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Donsbach, Wolfgang (2015): The International Encyclopedia of Communication. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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(2015): Social Axioms as Mediators Between Culture-Level and Individual-Level Values. In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 46 (6), S. 772-788. DOI: 10.1177/0022022115587027
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(2015): Being modest makes you feel bad. Effects of the modesty norm and mortality salience on self-esteem in a collectivistic culture. In: Scandinavian journal of psychology 56 (1), S. 86-98. DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12175
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25346396 Abstract: Terror management research shows that existential terror motivates people to live up to social norms. According to terror management theory (TMT), people can achieve a sense of self-worth through compliance with social norms. However, this has not yet been empirically tested. Modesty has long been known as an important social norm in Eastern cultures, such as China, Japan, and Korea. The current research examined whether conforming to the modesty norm in response to reminders of death concerns increases self-esteem for Chinese. In Study 1, following the modesty norm (i.e., explicit self-effacement) led to decreased implicit self-esteem, however, this was only the case if mortality was salient. In Study 2, violating the modesty norm (i.e., explicit self-enhancement) increased implicit self-esteem - however - again, this was only the case when mortality was salient. These findings indicate that self-esteem cannot be maintained through compliance with the modesty norm. Implications of this research for understanding the interplay between self-esteem and social norms in terror management processes are discussed.
Keywords: Adolescent, China, Culture, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Normen, Psychological Theory, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult -
(2015): Deployment guidelines for diplomats: current policy and practice. In: OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD 65 (7), S. 535-541
Abstract: Background Diplomatic organizations routinely send staff to high-threat postings (HTPs) and consequentially have moral and legal obligations to protect their health as far as is reasonably practicable. Aims To carry out an international survey of diplomatic organizations that send personnel to HTPs to establish how they deal practically with their obligations to protect the mental health of their staff. Methods An online anonymous survey about their organizations' policies relating to HTPs completed by international diplomatic organizations. Results Fourteen of 30 organizations approached completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 47%. Deployment length varied: no minimum (15%), a minimum of 2 years (39%) and a maximum of 2 (31%), 3 (15%) or 4 years (31%); one organization did not state any maximum. HTP and low-threat postings had the same policies in 46% of organizations. Additional care and support (66%), additional preparation (50%), enhanced leave (33%) and additional physical and mental health assessments were informally adopted to address psychosocial risks of deployment to HTPs. Conclusions There was little consensus on policies and practice for HTP deployment. We suggest that formal, consistently written guidelines, based on available quality evidence, and associated training and quality assurance should be formulated to make international practice more consistent and equitable.
Keywords: diplomatic training, SvA -
(2015): The landscape of impoliteness research. In: Journal of Politeness Research 11 (2), S. 329-354. DOI: 10.1515/pr-2015-0013
Abstract: This article attempts to give a state-of-the-art picture of impoliteness studies and to indicate a few prospective research directions to enrich them. It critically surveys a number of theoretical and methodological problems (impoliteness vs. rudeness; intention; sanctioned face-threat; and impoliteness strategies), as well as the paramount topics of investigation (such as disagreement; arguments; insults, taboo words; or sarcasm), and discourse domains in which impoliteness can be found. Importantly, this paper brings to focus a selection of notions central to impoliteness, albeit not yet widely recognized in the scholarship on impoliteness. These include: slurs; pejoratives; and a number of phenomena promoted by computer mediated communication (e.g., flaming or trolling).
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(2015): Privacy Concerns for Use of Voice Activated Personal Assistant in the Public Space. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 31 (4), S. 307-335. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2014.986642
Abstract: A review of popular technology adoption models identified several factors that are likely to influence Voice Activated Personal Assistant (VAPA) use in public spaces. To inform design decisions of how to make the private use of the VAPA in public spaces more acceptable from the users' point of view, an online survey was conducted to investigate the likelihood of usage of the smartphone VAPA such as Apple's Siri (compared to the usage of smartphone keyboard) as a function of location (private vs. public) and type of information (private vs. nonprivate). Responses from participants showed that users were more cautious of transmitting private than nonprivate information. This effect of type of information was amplified in the social context of public locations and when using conspicuous methods of information input such as the VAPA. Participants also preferred using the VAPA in private locations and showed no preference of location for keyboard entries. Correlations between likelihood of usage of VAPA and the social acceptability ratings were positive and predicted similar patterns of smartphone usage.
Keywords: POWER -
Eitam, Baruch; Haggard, Patrick (Hg.) (2015): The sense of agency. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Oxford series in social cognition and social neuroscience). Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1046495
Keywords: Control (Psychology) -
(2015): How to be in public. The case of an early television show. In: Celebrity Studies 6 (3), S. 355-369. DOI: 10.1080/19392397.2015.1062647
Abstract: The process of image management, whether of celebrities or non-celebrities, involves attention to several different registers of communication at once. The act of appearing on television has always presented difficulties for ordinary people in managing these different framings' of their spontaneous behaviour. This is vividly demonstrated by the first ever Double Your Money programme on the newly opened British commercial channel ITN in 1955. The different performance styles that people employed, along with the key role of the presenter Hughie Green, are here examined in detail. The problems of historical TV research using programmes that were temporarily meaningful' are also discussed along with other examinations of this archival programme.
Keywords: Außendarstellung, Fernsehen, Goffman, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Image, Konfliktverhalten, Konstruktion des Selbst, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Öffentliche Darstellung, Öffentlichkeit, Reflexionen über MTR, Status / biologische Marker, Technik, TV -
(2015): A Framework for Social Ontology. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 46 (2), S. 147-167. DOI: 10.1177/0048393115613494
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(2015): Needs and challenges in human computer interaction for processing social emotional information. In: Pattern Recognition Letters 66, S. 41-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2015.02.013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2015.02.013 Abstract: Demand for and delivery so far of sophisticated computational instruments able to recognize, process and store relevant interactional signals, as well as interact with people, displaying suitable autonomous reactions appropriately sensitive to environmental changes, have produced great expectations in Information Communication Technology (ICT). Knowing what an appropriate continuation of an interaction is depends on detecting the addresser's register and a machine interface unable to assess differences will have difficulty managing interactions. Progress toward understanding and modeling such facets is crucial for implementing behaving Human Computer Interaction (HCI) systems that will simplify user access to future, profitable, remote and nearby social services. This paper raises new research questions via new means for socio‐behavioral and emotional investigations, and suggests the gathering of new experimental data and theories across a spectrum of research concepts, in order to develop new psychological and computational approaches crucial for implementing believable and trustable HCI systems which exploit synthetic agents, robots, and sophisticated humanlike interfaces.
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(2015): How Product Attributes Influence Internationalization. A Framework of Domain- and Culture-Specificity. In: Management International Review 55 (1), S. 53-76. DOI: 10.1007/s11575-014-0229-0
Abstract: This paper introduces two dimensions of product attributes in the context of internationalization: domain- and culture-specificity. Products can be high or low in domain- or culture-specificity, thereby being one of four broad categories in a two-by-two matrix. This framework of product attributes helps explain a series of gradations on how cultural difference influences the difficulty of selling a product internationally. By examining four cases, one from each of these categories, this paper shows that different product attributes affected the difficulty or ease with which the products of these firms were internationalized. While all four cases were able to derive international sales, the domain- and culture-specificity of their products constrained the international markets these products could feasibly enter into, and how soon this could take place. In general, more culture-specific products face higher hurdles in a culturally dissimilar international market compared with the home market. However, given products of similar culture-specificities, highly domain-specific products tend to have less difficulty in selling to a culturally different international market than products that are not domain-specific.
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(2015): Moral identity: Identification and validation of moral traits.. In: Developmental Psychology: Journal of Iranian Psychologists 11 (44), S. 367-378
Abstract: In order to construct a moral identity scale primarily based on Aquino and Reed (2002) model, two pilot studies were conducted. The first study aimed to identify moral traits among college students. One hundred and twenty two students (56% females) participated in a free-listing task. The participants were asked to list characteristics that a moral person possessed. A content analysis of the traits based on five criteria (Hardy et al, 2011) resulted in 26 non-redundant traits. In order to obtain further evidence that these 26 traits had sufficient content validity, in a sample different from the first study 217 students (58% females) were asked to rate each trait using a scale ranging from 1(absolutely unnecessary) to 5 (absolutely necessary). The results indicated that 24 traits were judged to be above the midpoint of the scale. Investigating the results of females and males students led to identification of nine traits that had the highest ratings: polite, trustworthy, honest, self-respect, rational, loyal, fair, religious, and patient. These nine traits were considered as identity-invoking stimuli for constructing moral identity scale. The implications of the findings were discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2015): A generic model of dyadic social relationships. In: PLoS one 10 (3). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120882
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25826403 Abstract: We introduce a model of dyadic social interactions and establish its correspondence with relational models theory (RMT), a theory of human social relationships. RMT posits four elementary models of relationships governing human interactions, singly or in combination: Communal Sharing, Authority Ranking, Equality Matching, and Market Pricing. To these are added the limiting cases of asocial and null interactions, whereby people do not coordinate with reference to any shared principle. Our model is rooted in the observation that each individual in a dyadic interaction can do either the same thing as the other individual, a different thing or nothing at all. To represent these three possibilities, we consider two individuals that can each act in one out of three ways toward the other: perform a social action X or Y, or alternatively do nothing. We demonstrate that the relationships generated by this model aggregate into six exhaustive and disjoint categories. We propose that four of these categories match the four relational models, while the remaining two correspond to the asocial and null interactions defined in RMT. We generalize our results to the presence of N social actions. We infer that the four relational models form an exhaustive set of all possible dyadic relationships based on social coordination. Hence, we contribute to RMT by offering an answer to the question of why there could exist just four relational models. In addition, we discuss how to use our representation to analyze data sets of dyadic social interactions, and how social actions may be valued and matched by the agents.
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(2015): Reinforcement-learning based dialogue system for human–robot interactions with socially-inspired rewards. In: Computer Speech & Language 34 (1), S. 256-274. DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2015.03.007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2015.03.007 Abstract: This paper investigates some conditions under which polarized user appraisals gathered throughout the course of a vocal interaction between a machine and a human can be integrated in a reinforcement learning-based dialogue manager. More specifically, we discuss how this information can be cast into socially-inspired rewards for speeding up the policy optimisation for both efficient task completion and user adaptation in an online learning setting. For this purpose a potential-based reward shaping method is combined with a sample efficient reinforcement learning algorithm to offer a principled framework to cope with these potentially noisy interim rewards. The proposed scheme will greatly facilitate the system's development by allowing the designer to teach his system through explicit positive/negative feedbacks given as hints about task progress, in the early stage of training. At a later stage, the approach will be used as a way to ease the adaptation of the dialogue policy to specific user profiles. Experiments carried out using a state-of-the-art goal-oriented dialogue management framework, the Hidden Information State (HIS), support our claims in two configurations: firstly, with a user simulator in the tourist information domain (and thus simulated appraisals), and secondly, in the context of man–robot dialogue with real user trials.
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Fink, Helmut; Rosenzweig, Rainer (Hg.) (2015): Das soziale Gehirn. Neurowissenschaft und menschliche Bindung. Münster: mentis
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(2015): Disrupting morphosyntactic and lexical semantic processing has opposite effects on the sample entropy of neural signals. In: BRAIN RESEARCH 1604, S. 1-14
Abstract: Converging evidence in neuroscience suggests that syntax and semantics are dissociable in brain space and time. However, it is possible that partly disjoint cortical networks, operating in successive time frames, still perform similar types of neural computations. To test the alternative hypothesis, we collected EEG data while participants read sentences containing lexical semantic or morphosyntactic anomalies, resulting in N400 and P600 effects, respectively. Next, we reconstructed phase space trajectories from EEG time series, and we measured the complexity of the resulting dynamical orbits using sample entropy an index of the rate at which the system generates or loses information over time. Disrupting morphosyntactic or lexical semantic processing had opposite effects on sample entropy: it increased in the N400 window for semantic anomalies, and it decreased in the P600 window for morphosyntactic anomalies. These findings point to a fundamental divergence in the neural computations supporting meaning and grammar in language. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Bedeutung, Bedeutung und Grammatik, Bedeutungszusammenhang, frame semantics, Grammar, Grammatiktheorie, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, lexikalische Semantik, Meaning, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Neurowissenschaften, Sprache, Sprachverarbeitung, Sprachverstehen, Technik, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2015): Why Footbinding Persisted in China for a Millennium. In: Smithonian Magazine (February)
Abstract: These changes can be illustrated by the practice of female foot-binding. Some early evidence for it comes from the tomb of Lady Huang Sheng, the wife of an imperial clansman, who died in 1243. Archaeologists discovered tiny, misshapen feet that had been wrapped in gauze and placed inside specially shaped “lotus shoes.” For one of my pieces on camera, I balanced a pair of embroidered doll shoes in the palm of my hand, as I talked about Lady Huang and the origins of foot-binding. When it was over, I turned to the museum curator who had given me the shoes and made some comment about the silliness of using toy shoes. This was when I was informed that I had been holding the real thing. The miniature “doll” shoes had in fact been worn by a human. The shock of discovery was like being doused with a bucket of freezing water. Read more: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/why-footbinding-persisted-china-millennium-180953971/#kmG5jMMba5WOy5yL.99
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(2015): Normativität und Macht. Zur Analyse sozialer Rechtfertigungsordnungen. Erste Auflage. Berlin: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft)
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(2015): Perpetuating online sexism offline. Anonymity, interactivity, and the effects of sexist hashtags on social media. In: Computers in Human Behavior 52, S. 436-442. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.024 Abstract: Sexism and sexual harassment are not uncommon in online environments such as social networking sites, forums, and video games. This experiment investigated whether users’ anonymity and level of interactivity with sexist content on social media influenced sexist attitudes and offline behavior. Participants (N = 172) used a Twitter account that was anonymous or had personally identifying details. They were asked to share (i.e., retweet) or write posts incorporating a sexist hashtag. After exposure, participants completed two purportedly unrelated tasks, a survey and a job hiring simulation in which they evaluated male and female candidates’ resumés. Anonymous participants reported greater hostile sexism after tweeting than nonanonymous participants. Participants who composed sexist tweets reported greater hostile sexism and ranked female job candidates as less competent than those who retweeted, although this did not significantly affect their likelihood to hire. zitiert von 28
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(2015): Cultural practices, norms, and values. In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 46 (10)
Abstract: Discusses the differences between cultural practices, norms, and values and their differentiated functionalities. Cultural practices are shared perceptions of routine behavior within a culture, while values are shared ideals. Cultural norms lead to cultural practices and vice versa, and are inferred from perceptions of others' actual common behavior. Values are internal, whereas norms and cultural practices are driven by a a desire to conform to one's culture. The role of morals in values and behavior, cultural transmission, and relationships between values and practices are outlined.
Keywords: Gesellschaft, Werte -
(2015): Cultural Practices, Norms, and Values. In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 46 (10), S. 1327-1330. DOI: 10.1177/0022022115600267
Abstract: Discusses the differences between cultural practices, norms, and values and their differentiated functionalities. Cultural practices are shared perceptions of routine behavior within a culture, while values are shared ideals. Cultural norms lead to cultural practices and vice versa, and are inferred from perceptions of others' actual common behavior. Values are internal, whereas norms and cultural practices are driven by a a desire to conform to one's culture. The role of morals in values and behavior, cultural transmission, and relationships between values and practices are outlined.
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(2015): Gender differences in responses to moral dilemmas. A process dissociation analysis. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 41 (5), S. 696-713. DOI: 10.1177/0146167215575731
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25840987 Abstract: The principle of deontology states that the morality of an action depends on its consistency with moral norms; the principle of utilitarianism implies that the morality of an action depends on its consequences. Previous research suggests that deontological judgments are shaped by affective processes, whereas utilitarian judgments are guided by cognitive processes. The current research used process dissociation (PD) to independently assess deontological and utilitarian inclinations in women and men. A meta-analytic re-analysis of 40 studies with 6,100 participants indicated that men showed a stronger preference for utilitarian over deontological judgments than women when the two principles implied conflicting decisions (d = 0.52). PD further revealed that women exhibited stronger deontological inclinations than men (d = 0.57), while men exhibited only slightly stronger utilitarian inclinations than women (d = 0.10). The findings suggest that gender differences in moral dilemma judgments are due to differences in affective responses to harm rather than cognitive evaluations of outcomes. zitiert von: 48
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(2015): Dichte Beschreibung. Beiträge zum Verstehen kultureller Systeme. 13. Auflage. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft)
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Geiger, Sabine; Baumgartner, Sibylle (Hg.) (2015): Empathie als Schlüssel. Gewaltfreie Kommunikation in psychologischen Berufen ; Anwendung in Psychotherapie, Beratung und im sozialen Bereich ; mit E-Book inside und Arbeitsmaterial. 1. Aufl.. Weinheim: Beltz