Alle Publikationen
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2015
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(2015): How Threats to Masculinity Sequentially Cause Public Discomfort, Anger, and Ideological Dominance Over Women. In: Social Psychology 46 (4), S. 242-254. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000248
Abstract: This research examined whether threats to masculinity both inspired men’s efforts to reestablish their power over women via the promotion of ideologies that implicitly subordinate women and occurred when men were outperformed by women in masculine domains. Masculinity was threatened by telling men they scored like women on a gender knowledge test (Rudman & Fairchild, 2004), which sequentially led to more concern about how they were perceived by others, increased anger, and the increased endorsement of social dominance orientation (Study 1a) and benevolent sexism (Study 1b). Study 2 additionally shows that men experienced threats to masculinity when outperformed by women in masculine domains; when outperformed by a woman, men reported more concern about how they looked to others, which predicted increased anger and the subsequent sexualization of the woman. The findings link masculinity threats to the promotion of ideologies that implicitly subordinate women; the consequences of these linkages are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 21
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(2015): People judge male sexism more leniently when women emasculate men (PSYNDEXshort). In: Social Psychology 46 (4), S. 197-209
Abstract: While overt sexism has become less acceptable in recent years, sexism frequently goes unchallenged by observers for a variety of reasons. In the present investigation, we propose that people may excuse men's sexist remarks when the remarks follow a manhood threat caused by a woman. In Study 1, we found that a man's sexist remark buffered against the emasculating effect of a threat to his masculinity from an ex-girlfriend. In Study 2, we further show that observers excuse a man's sexist remark following a competitive loss to a woman to the extent that they perceive him as less manly as a result. We replicate this finding in Study 3 while ruling out two competing explanations. We discuss the implication that sexism prevention efforts need to identify and address gender-related contexts where sexism is excused in order for efforts to move toward its prevention.
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(2015): When sexual threat cues shape attitudes toward immigrants. The role of insecurity and benevolent sexism. In: Frontiers in psychology 6. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01033
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26283985 Abstract: Drawing on psychological and political science research on individuals' sensitivity to threat cues, the present study examines reactions to political posters that depict male immigrants as a sexual danger. We expect anti-immigrant attitudes to be more strongly predicted by feelings of insecurity or representations of men and women as strong and fragile when individuals are exposed to sexual threat cues than when they are not. Results from two online experiments conducted in Switzerland and Germany largely confirmed these assumptions. Comparing two anti-immigrant posters (general and non-sexual threat vs. sexual threat), Experiment 1 (n = 142) showed that feelings of insecurity were related to an increased support for expelling immigrants from the host country in both cases. However, only in the sexual threat cues condition and among female participants, were perceptions of women as fragile-as measured with benevolent sexism items-related to support for expelling immigrants. Further distinguishing between different forms of violence threat cues, Experiment 2 (n = 181) showed that collective feelings of insecurity were most strongly related to support for expelling immigrants when a male immigrant was presented as a violent criminal. In contrast, benevolent sexist beliefs were related to anti-immigrant stances only when participants were exposed to a depiction of a male immigrant as a rapist. In both cases attitudes were polarized: on the one hand, representations of immigrants as criminals provoked reactance reactions-that is, more positive attitudes-among participants scoring low in insecurity feelings or benevolent sexism. On the other hand, those scoring high in these dimensions expressed slightly more negative attitudes. Overall, by applying social psychological concepts to the study of anti-immigrant political campaigning, the present study demonstrated that individuals are sensitive to specific threat cues in posters.
Keywords: ATTITUDES, Attribution, Cues, Gesellschaft, Immigration, Labeling, PREJUDICE, Rape, Sexism, Threat, Verhaltensforschung 2013
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(2013): The power of we. Evidence for group-based control. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49 (1), S. 19-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.014
Abstract: Examined the role that group membership plays in restoring or maintaining perceived control when an individual's sense of global control is threatened. Study 1 examined whether lack of control increased ingroup bias (27 adults mean age 24 years). In Study 2, 93 Germans (mean age 21 years) to test whether the effect of control salience is independent of a possible effect of uncertainty and whether salient intergroup cooperation might reduce the effect of threat on ingroup bias (tested with categorizations of East vs West Germans). In Study 3, a context-free manipulation of control salience and a different intergroup context was used with 105 Austrians, 49 Croatians, and 104 Germans (mean age 28 years) recruited at European soccer matches. Study 4 (213 participants mean age 23 years) focused on threats to ingroup homogeneity. Study 5 (121 human rights volunteers mean age 28 years) extended the focus to both ingroup agency and homogeneity as group features. Assessment methods included the German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results of the 5 studies provide evidence for specific effects of control threat on ingroup support and defense, thus supporting this novel model of group-based control. Low control increased ingroup bias and pro-organizational behavior, supporting the assumption that people increasingly act in terms of group membership when their sense of global personal control is threatened. The symbolic control restored via group membership, however, can result in increased levels of ethnocentrism and outgroup derogation. zitiert von 124
2011
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(2011): Social identities, group norms, and threat. On the malleability of ingroup bias. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 37 (1), S. 82-93. DOI: 10.1177/0146167210386120
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20956355 Abstract: Ingroup bias is one of the most basic intergroup phenomena and has been consistently demonstrated to be increased under conditions of existential threat. In the present research the authors question the omnipresence of ingroup bias under threat and test the assumptions that these effects depend on the content of social identity and group norm salient in a situation. In the first two studies cross-categorization and recategorization manipulations eliminated and even reversed mortality salience effects on bias in relations between English and Scottish students (Study 1) as well as English and French people (Study 2). In the third study the specific normative content of a given social identity (collectivism vs. individualism) was shown to moderate mortality salience effects on ingroup bias. The results of these studies suggest a social identity perspective on terror management processes. zitiert von 52
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Aggression/psychology, Attribution, Defense Mechanisms, England, European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology, Group Processes, Existentialism, Gruppenverhalten, Humans, Female, Ingroup Outgroup, France, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Response Bias, Scotland, Social Behavior, Social Group, Social Identification, Social Identity, Social Norms, Social Values, Students, Threat, Young Adult
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