Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Kant, Oppression, and the Possibility of Nonculpable Failures to Respect Oneself. In: The Southern Journal of Philosophy 55 (3), S. 285-305. DOI: 10.1111/sjp.12242
Abstract: I argue that Kant's ethical framework cannot countenance a certain kind of failure to respect oneself that can occur within oppressive social contexts. Kant's assumption that any person, qua rational being, has guaranteed epistemic access to the moral law as the standard of good action and the capacity to act upon this standard makes autonomy an achievement within the individual agent's power, but this is contrary to a feminist understanding of autonomy as a relational achievement that can be thwarted by the systematic attack on autonomy that occurs within oppressive social conditions. Insofar as Kant's negative duty of self-respect is unable to accommodate the ways immersion in oppressive social environments can warp an individual's understanding of what she is owed and capable of as a moral agent, it perpetuates the cruelty of unjust social systems in the guise of respecting individual autonomy. I conclude by considering Carol Hay's argument that those who are oppressed have an obligation to themselves to resist their own oppression, in order to explore how this limitation in how Kant conceives of the duty to respect the self may reach expression in contemporary ethical theory inspired by Kant.
Keywords: agency, Autonomie, Diskriminierung, Disziplin, Ethik, feminism, Feminismus, Gender, Handlungsmacht, Hay, Kant, Macht, Modelle/Theorien, Moral, moral agents, moralische Gesetze, moralisches Wissen, Moralphilosophie, oppressive social systems, Philosophie, Respekt, social systems, ethics, Three main normative ethic perspectives Kant, Utilitarismus virtue ethics, Unterdrückungssysteme 2016
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(2016): Barriers to women engaging in collective action to overcome sexism. In: The American psychologist 71 (9), S. 863-874. DOI: 10.1037/a0040345
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28032778 Abstract: Over centuries women have fought hard to obtain increasing gender equality, but despite these successes absolute equality remains an elusive goal. Theoretically, women's numerical strength makes them well-placed to take effective collective action, and millions of women engage in feminist collective action every day. In this article, however, we argue that women also face barriers to engaging in feminist collective action; barriers that are associated with the social construction and experience of what it means to be a woman. Our review synthesizes sexism research under a contemporary collective action framework to clarify our current understanding of the literature and to offer novel theoretical explanations for why women might be discouraged from engaging in feminist collective action. Using the antecedents of collective action identified by van Zomeren, Postmes, and Spears' (2008) meta-analysis, we critically review the sexism literature to argue that women face challenges when it comes to (a) identifying with other women and feminists, (b) perceiving sexism and expressing group-based anger, and (c) recognizing the efficacy of collective action. We then outline a research agenda with a view to investigating ways of overcoming these barriers. (PsycINFO Database Record
Keywords: collective behavior, feminism, Gender Equality, Geschlechterforschung, Human Females, Review, Sexism 2015
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(2015): Young Women’s Anger in Romantic Relationships. Gendered Rules and Power. In: Journal of Family Issues 38 (13), S. 1825-1851. DOI: 10.1177/0192513X15592029
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15592029 Abstract: We used a social constructionist and feminist framework to examine how young women negotiate gendered rules for anger in their romantic relationships and how such negotiations are associated with women’s power in these relationships. We analyzed 24 interviews using a grounded-theory methodology. Our analyses indicated five women resisted gendered rules for anger as they accepted their anger, attributed shared responsibility for their anger, and expressed their anger externally and directly. The other 19 young women followed gendered rules for anger as they distanced themselves from their anger, ambivalently attributed responsibility for their anger, and kept their anger in and expressed it indirectly. Women who resisted gendered rules for anger narrated being engaged in egalitarian relationships, while women who followed gendered rules for anger seemed to participate in nonegalitarian relationships. The findings of this study offer a feminist conceptualization of women⍊ s ange r in terms of social rules for anger experience and expression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Anger, Emotions, Family, feminism, Geschlechterforschung, Human Females, Partnerschaft/ Beziehung, Romance, rules -
(2015): Sexism in Language and Talk-in-Interaction. In: Journal of Language and Social Psychology 34 (4), S. 410-426. DOI: 10.1177/0261927X15586574
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X15586574 Abstract: Feminists have long recognised important relationships between language and a gendered social order that disadvantages women. At the establishment of gender and language as a field of academic inquiry, work documented sexism in language—the ways words were used to ignore, narrowly define, or demean women. Using feminist conversation analysis, this article further develops that early work by considering recorded instances of gender and sexism in talk. A broad notion of 'gender trouble' was used to identify 50 relevant cases from everyday interactions. Two sexist language issues that were evident in the collection are presented in this article—the derogation of women and participants’ orientations to gender inclusiveness. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of sexism in language by examining how instances of it unfold over turns of talk. The study is discussed with respect to the methodological tensions inherent in feminist conversation analysis. (PsycI NFO Data base Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2014
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(2014): Subclinical Bias, Manners, and Moral Harm. In: Hypatia 29 (2), S. 287-302. DOI: 10.1111/hypa.12026
Abstract: Mundane and often subtle forms of bias generate harms that can be fruitfully understood as akin to the harms evident in rudeness. Although subclinical expressions of bias are not mere rudeness, like rudeness they often manifest through the breach of mannerly norms for social cooperation and collaboration. At a basic level, the perceived harm of mundane forms of bias often has much to do with feeling oneself unjustly or arbitrarily cut out of a group, a group that cooperates and collaborates but does not do so with me. Appealing to the subtle but familiar choreography of mannered social interaction, I argue, makes it easier to recognize how exclusion can be accomplished through slight but symbolically significant gestures and styles of interaction, where bias manifests not in announced hostility but in an absence of the cooperation and collaboration upon which we rely socially.
2007
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(2007) : Dynamics of sex-role stereotypes: Stereotype dynamics. Language-based approaches to the formation, maintenance, and transformation of stereotypes.: Hove, UK: Psychology Press, S. 135-161
Abstract: Presents an overview of research investigating the impact of socio-cultural changes on male and female social roles. Previous studies have explored perceived changes in gender stereotypes and gender-specific personality traits. Another focus of research has been the correspondence between changes in female/male social roles on the one hand, and changes in sex-stereotypic beliefs about female/male leaders and in leadership-specific personality traits on the other. Empirical evidence suggests that the dynamic nature of gender stereotypes is rooted in widespread beliefs about the distribution of men and women in social roles. The increase of females assuming traditionally male-dominated roles in recent decades has coincided with heightened perception of greater agency in women, decreased sex-stereotypic beliefs about female leaders, and decreased sex differences in leadership-specific personality traits. While men's roles have remained relatively stable, moderate changes have occurred in sex-stereotypic beliefs about men and also in men's own self-reported personality traits. zitiert von 27
2001
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(2001): An ambivalent alliance. Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. In: American Psychologist 56 (2), S. 109-118. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.56.2.109
Abstract: The equation of prejudice with antipathy is challenged by recent research on sexism. Benevolent sexism (a subjectively favorable, chivalrous ideology that offers protection and affection to women who embrace conventional roles) coexists with hostile sexism (antipathy toward women who are viewed as usurping men's power). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, first validated in U.S. samples, has been administered to over 15,000 men and women in 19 nations. Hostile and benevolent sexism are complementary, cross-culturally prevalent ideologies, both of which predict gender inequality. Women, as compared with men, consistently reject hostile sexism but often endorse benevolent sexism (especially in the most sexist cultures). By rewarding women for conforming to a patriarchal status quo, benevolent sexism inhibits gender equality. More generally, affect toward minority groups is often ambivalent, but subjectively positive stereotypes are not necessarily benign. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) Zitiert von 1323
1997
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(1997): Feminists rethink the self. Emotion and heterodox moral perception: An essay in moral social psychology. pp. 197-218. Boulder, Colo. [u.a.]: Westview Press (Feminist theory and politics)
Abstract: argue that several emotional attitudes ordinarily considered to be epistemic vices can be feminist epistemic virtues, but that recognizing these virtues entails giving up a purely individualistic view of moral perception and moral identity / culturally entrenched gender prejudice is encoded in unconscious schemas that shape moral perception / counteracting these perceptual distortions requires strong medicine / [argues that] philosophers tend to overestimate the efficacy of an outgoing, receptive emotional attitude and dispassionate critical reason as antidotes to these distortions / [suggests] that a selection of generally disparaged emotional attitudes—namely, hypersensitivity, paranoia, anger, and bitterness—can be seen to facilitate moral insight into culturally and institutionally entrenched practices of domination and subordination to understand cases in which hypersensitivity, paranoia, anger, and bitterness contribute to insightful heterodox moral perception, we must inquire into the moral economies of dissident political communities / a tenable feminist account of the subject of moral perception must construe the individual as emotionally engaged and politically situated (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
1980
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(1980): Sprache, Geschlecht und Macht. In: Linguistische Berichte (69), S. 1-14
Abstract: In einer Einleitung zum Heft 69 der "Linguistischen Berichte" wird das Sexismus-Problem in seinen linguistischen und gesellschaftlichen Bezügen umrissen und anhand verschiedener theoretischer Beiträge und empirischer Befunde verdeutlicht. Die einzelnen Beiträge des vorliegenden Heftes werden knapp eingeführt und die politische Intention des feministischen Ansatzes angesprochen. zitiert von 39
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