Alle Publikationen
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2019
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(2019) : Towards Virtual Agents for Supporting Appropriate Small Group Behaviors in Educational Contexts: 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games): 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games): Hangzhou, China: IEEE, S. 1-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/VS-Games.2019.8864528 Abstract: Verbal and non-verbal behaviors that we use in order to effectively communicate with other people are vital for our success in our daily lives. Despite the importance of social skills, creating standardized methods for training them and supporting their training is challenging. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) may have a good potential to support social and emotional learning (SEL) through virtual social demonstration games. This paper presents initial work involving the design of a pedagogical scenario to facilitate teaching of socially appropriate and inappropriate behaviors when entering and standing in a small group of people, a common occurrence in collaborative social situations. This is achieved through the use of virtual characters and, initially, virtual reality (VR) environments for supporting situated learning in multiple contexts. We describe work done thus far on the demonstrator scenario and anticipated potentials, pitfalls and challenges involved in the approach.
Keywords: Collaboration, collaborative social situations, computer aided instruction, Demonstration Games, educational contexts, emotional & politeness, Games, ieee xplore, Information and communication technology, information and communications technology, nonverbal behaviors, Politeness, serious games (computing), small group behaviors, Small Groups, Social & Emotional Learning, social and emotional learning, Social robotic, Software agents, Task Analysis, Teaching, Training, Verbal Behavior, virtual agents, Virtual characters, Virtual reality, virtual social demonstration games 2016
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(2016): Swears in Context. The Difference Between Casual and Abusive Swearing. In: Journal of psycholinguistic research 45 (2), S. 259-274. DOI: 10.1007/s10936-014-9345-z
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25480107 Abstract: Although swearing is taboo language, it frequently appears in daily conversations. To explain this paradox, two studies examined contextualized swearing in Indian and non-Indian participants. In Study 1, participants assessed the appropriateness of mild, moderate, and severe swears in casual and abusive contexts; in Study 2, participants completed contextual dialogues with mild, moderate, or severe swearwords. Results indicated that mild and moderate swears were more appropriate in casual settings than in abusive scenarios; severe swears were the most inappropriate, regardless of context. Mild and moderate swears were likely to be used to complete casual and abusive dialogues respectively, even though it was expected that severe swears would be compatible with abusive settings. Moreover, gender and nationality differences suggested that assessing appropriateness of swearing behaviour and likelihood of swearword usage provided independent and contrasting findings. Cultural variations in swearing behaviour, particularly contextualized swearing, and suggestions for further research are outlined.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, India/ethnology, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Taboo, time, Verbal Behavior, Young Adult 2013
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(2013): Socially Aware Virtual Characters: The Social Signal of Smiles [Social Sciences]. In: IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 30 (2), S. 128-132. DOI: 10.1109/MSP.2012.2230541
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2012.2230541 Abstract: At first, machines were mainly used to solve complex mathematical problems. Today, they often embody more and more roles typically endowed by humans, such as a tutor in a virtual learning class or an assistant for virtual task realization. Moreover, the paradigm highlighted in [1] reveals that the user’s relation with the computer is intrinsically social, with high similarities compared to interpersonal relationships. For instance, people have no problem using communicative means (verbal and nonverbal behavior) to interact with artificial entities and apply polite rules. One particularly interesting aspect of the human machine interaction is the bidirectionality of the relation: users exhibit social behaviors to the computer, and the machine’s behavior affects users. Reeves and Nass [1] have shown that people tend to react naturally and socially to computers, as they would do to another person. In such a human-machine interaction, which can be seen as a particular social context with users sensitive to the computer behavior, the development of socially aware virtual characters appears fundamental.
Keywords: Context awareness, Heuristic algorithms, Human Factors, human machine interaction, ieee xplore, interpersonal relationship, Künstliche Intelligenz, Machine intelligence, Man machine systems, Nonverbal behavior, smile, Social Behavior, social sciences, social sciences computing, socially aware virtual character, user interfaces, user relation, Verbal Behavior, Virtual environments, virtual learning class, Virtual reality, virtual task realization 2012
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(2012): "Robovie, you'll have to go into the closet now". Children's social and moral relationships with a humanoid robot. In: Developmental Psychology 48 (2), S. 303-314. DOI: 10.1037/a0027033
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027033 Abstract: Children will increasingly come of age with personified robots and potentially form social and even moral relationships with them. What will such relationships look like? To address this question, 90 children (9-, 12-, and 15-year-olds) initially interacted with a humanoid robot, Robovie, in 15-min sessions. Each session ended when an experimenter interrupted Robovie's turn at a game and, against Robovie's stated objections, put Robovie into a closet. Each child was then engaged in a 50-min structural-developmental interview. Results showed that during the interaction sessions, all of the children engaged in physical and verbal social behaviors with Robovie. The interview data showed that the majority of children believed that Robovie had mental states (e.g., was intelligent and had feelings) and was a social being (e.g., could be a friend, offer comfort, and be trusted with secrets). In terms of Robovie's moral standing, children believed that Robovie deserved fair treatment and should not be harmed psychologically but did not believe that Robovie was entitled to its own liberty (Robovie could be bought and sold) or civil rights (in terms of voting rights and deserving compensation for work performed). Developmentally, while more than half the 15-year-olds conceptualized Robovie as a mental, social, and partly moral other, they did so to a lesser degree than the 9- and 12-year-olds. Discussion focuses on how (a) children's social and moral relationships with future personified robots may well be substantial and meaningful and (b) personified robots of the future may emerge as a unique ontological category. zitiert von 138
Keywords: Autonomy Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): Adolescent, Child, Analysis of Variance, Child Attitudes, Child Behavior, Child development, Communication, Entwicklungspsychologie, Female, Human Computer Interaction, Humans, Independence (Personality), Interview, Psychological, Male, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relation, Mental Models, Moral, Morals, Robotics, Social Behavior, Verbal Behavior 2008
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(2008): Personality as manifest in word use. Correlations with self-report, acquaintance report, and behavior. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 94 (2), S. 334-346. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.334
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18211181 Abstract: The use of words is one of the most direct means of expressing thoughts and feelings. However, past studies have had limited success in correlating word use with personality. The purpose of the present study was to identify categories of word use relevant to personality using a broad range of personality data. Using data from 181 participants, the present study correlated word use within a 1-hr life history interview with self-judgments of personality, judgments of personality provided by close acquaintances (who were not exposed to the language sample), and behavioral ratings based on direct observation from a context entirely separate from that from which the language sample was derived. Several categories of word use yielded a large number of correlates with self- and acquaintance personality ratings and behavior. It is suggested that word use is related to personality to a larger degree than previously observed and deserves increased attention as a source of data in personality assessment.
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(2008): Taboo, emotionally valenced, and emotionally neutral word norms. In: Behavior research methods 40 (4), S. 1065-1074. DOI: 10.3758/BRM.40.4.1065
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19001397 Abstract: Although taboo words are used to study emotional memory and attention, no easily accessible normative data are available that compare taboo, emotionally valenced, and emotionally neutral words on the same scales. Frequency, inappropriateness, valence, arousal, and imageability ratings for taboo, emotionally valenced, and emotionally neutral words were made by 78 native-English-speaking college students from a large metropolitan university. The valenced set comprised both positive and negative words, and the emotionally neutral set comprised category-related and category-unrelated words. To account for influences of demand characteristics and personality factors on the ratings, frequency and inappropriateness measures were decomposed into raters' personal reactions to the words versus raters' perceptions of societal reactions to the words (personal use vs. familiarity and offensiveness vs. tabooness, respectively). Although all word sets were rated higher in familiarity and tabooness than in personal use and offensiveness, these differences were most pronounced for the taboo set. In terms of valence, the taboo set was most similar to the negative set, although it yielded higher arousal ratings than did either valenced set. Imageability for the taboo set was comparable to that of both valenced sets. The ratings of each word are presented for all participants as well as for single-sex groups. The inadequacies of the application of normative data to research that uses emotional words and the conceptualization of taboo words as a coherent category are discussed. Materials associated with this article may be accessed at the Psychonomic Society's Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, www.psychonomic.org/archive.
Keywords: Adult, Affect, Female, Humans, Male, Social Behavior, Social Values, Taboo, time, Verbal Behavior, Vocabulary 1992
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(1992): Interpersonal underpinnings of request strategies: General principles and differences due to culture and gender. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 62 (2), S. 246-256. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.62.2.246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.2.246 Abstract: Several hypotheses derived from P. Brown and S. Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory were tested with Ss from the US and Korea. Ss imagined themselves in situations in which they were to make a request. Ss then indicated exactly what they would say in each situation and what their perceptions of the request size, the hearer’s power, and the closeness of their relationship with the hearer were. Consistent with Brown and Levinson’s theory, power, distance, and size contributed significantly to politeness. Significant predictor variable interactions suggested that an additive model is not appropriate. Finally, there was evidence of cultural and gender differences in the weighting of these predictor variables. These differences can partially account for cultural and gender differences in language use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Attitude, Cross Cultural Differences, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Gender Identity, Human Sex Differences, Humans, Individuality, Interpersonal Control, Interpersonal Relations, Intimacy, Korea, Male, male vs female college students, politeness of request strategies & perceived size & hearer’s power & relationship closeness, Power (Psychology), Pragmatics, Social Distance, Social Values, United States, US vs Korea, Verbal Behavior, Verbal Communication
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