Alle Publikationen
2004
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(2004): Moral, Angelpunkt zwischen Erziehung und Gesellschaft - die Leitvorstellung einer integrierten moralischen Erziehung. In: Padagogische Rundschau 58 (4), S. 415-436
Abstract: In der Moral und im moralischen Handeln wird ein Ansatz gesehen, durch den individuelles Handeln mit der gesellschaftlichen Realitat in einen Bedingungszusammenhang gebracht werden kann und aus dem sich eine allgemeine Orientierung des Erziehens und eine konkrete padagogische Handlungsperspektive gewinnen lasst. Als Grundlage dieses Ansatzes dient Axel Honneths soziologische Theorie mit dem Titel "Kampf um Anerkennung". Im Beitrag wird eine Weiterfuhrung dieses soziologischen Ansatzes im padagogischen Nachdenken versucht. Diese Konkretisierung wird in der Biografieforschung gesehen, die bei manchen Autoren letztlich eine Padagogik der subjektiven Autonomie darstellt. (DIPF/Orig./Bi.) zitiert von: 3
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(2004): A conceptual review of decision making in social dilemmas. Applying a logic of appropriateness. In: Personality and social psychology review: An official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 8 (3), S. 281-307. DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_4
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15454350 Abstract: Despite decades of experimental social dilemma research, "theoretical integration has proven elusive" (Smithson & Foddy, 1999, p. 14). To advance a theory of decision making in social dilemmas, this article provides a conceptual review of the literature that applies a "logic of appropriateness" (March, 1994) framework. The appropriateness framework suggests that people making decisions ask themselves (explicitly or implicitly), "What does a person like me do in a situation like this? " This question identifies 3 significant factors: recognition and classification of the kind of situation encountered, the identity of the individual making the decision, and the application of rules or heuristics in guiding behavioral choice. In contrast with dominant rational choice models, the appropriateness framework proposed accommodates the inherently social nature of social dilemmas, and the role of rule and heuristic based processing. Implications for the interpretation of past findings and the direction of future research are discussed.
Keywords: Angemessenheit, Aufgabenstruktur, Communication, Decision Making, Disziplin, entscheiden, Entscheidungsstruktur, Favoriten, Female, frames, Gender, Group Processes, Gruppendynamik, Gruppengröße, Humans, Identität, Identität der Akteure, Kommunikation, Logic, Logic of Appropriateness, Logik, Macht und Status, Male, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Payoff Struktur, Persönliche Geschichte, Persönlichkeit, Protocol of Play, Psychologie, Regelwerke, Respnse Options, Sex Factors, Situationsdefinition, Situationsfaktoren, Social Behavior, Social Identification, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Motive, Soziale Struktur, Subjektive Definition der Entscheidungssituation, Überblick, Unsicherheit, Ursachen, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten, Wahrnehmungsfaktoren -
(2004): The social side of sanctions: Personal and social norms as moderators of deterrence. In: Law and Human Behavior 28 (5), S. 547-567. DOI: 10.1023/B:LAHU.0000046433.57588.71
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LAHU.0000046433.57588.71 Abstract: In a survey of Australian citizens (valid N = 1,406), personal and social norms were found to moderate effects of deterrence on tax evasion. Personal, internalized norms of tax honesty were negatively related to tax evasion and moderated the effects of deterrence variables (i.e., sanction severity), suggesting deterrence effects only when individual ethics were weak. Perceived social norms, beyond those internalized as personal norms, were not directly related to tax evasion but moderated the effects of sanction severity. Only when social norms were seen as strongly in favor of tax honesty was sanction severity negatively related to tax evasion. This result held only for respondents who did not identify strongly as Australians. Hence, when internalized, norms delimit effects of deterrence; when considered external to one's self, norms boost deterrence effects, giving social meaning to formal sanctions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2003
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2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.03CH37422) (2003). 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.03CH37422). Taipei, Taiwan: IEEE
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Proceedings 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation for the New Millennium (Cat. No.03EX694) (2003). Kobe, Japan: IEEE
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RO-MAN 2003. 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication : proceedings : October 31-November 2, 2003, Millbrae, California, USA (2003). Proceedings. RO-Man 2003. The 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. Millbrae, CA, USA, 31 Oct.-2 Nov. 2003. Piscataway, N.J.: IEEE
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(2003): Die Stabilisierung von Partnerschaften durch bilaterale Investitionen. Das Beispiel der Unternehmensbesitzer. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie 32 (1), S. 50-69
Abstract: In order to explain the stability of marriages and cohabitations it is often argued that specific investments are crucial determinants of explanation. Especially within the framework of the New Home Economics it is assumed that shared investments, e.g. common children or shared property, reduce the risk of divorce. Although many empirical studies give evidence of this effect, this theory does not explain how these specific investments develop. In particular incomplete information about the partner and the need to allocate investments in an unbalanced manner will reduce one's willingness to tie oneself to a new partner. In order to explain why actors make high specific investments nevertheless, exchange theory is used to model partnerships as a dynamic process. In the beginning, the couple exchange small investments step by step. These accumulate over time to a strong commitment which enable the actors to make high unilateral investments. Within this process the actors can decide on the extent of their commitment to the partnership at any given point of time by controlling the pace of exchange in the relationship. Consequently, the higher a couple's interest in specific investments, the higher the pace of bilateral exchange is. This model is tested by comparing marriages of employed persons to those of firm owners, who are alleged to have an especially high interest in stable partnerships. Based on the data of the Mannheim Divorce Project it can be shown that firm owners and their spouses bring about crucial events in the course of a partnership, such as the first child or common real estate ownership sooner than other couples. Moreover, there is strong empirical evidence that firm owners are less likely to get divorced. (author's abstract) Für die Erklärung der Stabilität von Ehen wie nichtehelichen Partnerschaften wird häufig auf die Idee der spezifischen Investition zurückgegriffen. Vor allem in der neuen Haushaltsökonomie wird angenommen, dass beispielsweise gemeinsame Kinder oder geteilter Immobilienbesitz die Partner durch erhöhte Ausstiegskosten aneinander binden. Obwohl die stabilisierende Wirkung dieser Faktoren in zahlreichen Untersuchungen empirisch belegt wurde, bleibt jedoch unklar, wie die Entstehung dieser spezifischen Investitionen zu erklären ist. Insbesondere unvollständige Information über den Partner am Anfang der Beziehung und die häufig ungleichgewichtige Verteilung spezifischer Investitionen führen zu hohen Risiken und reduzieren die Bereitschaft, derartige Verpflichtungen einzugehen. Warum in Partnerschaften trotzdem sehr hohe Investitionen getätigt werden, wird unter Rückgriff auf tausch- und lerntheoretische Argumente deutlich, mit deren Hilfe die Beziehung als dynamischer Prozess modelliert wird. Akteure tauschen am Anfang ihrer Partnerschaft schrittweise kleine Investitionen, die sich im Laufe der Zeit für beide zu einer hohen Austrittsschwelle summieren können und so auch hohe, einseitige Investitionen eines Partners ermöglichen. Da jedoch eine hohe Beziehungsstabilität aufgrund der Unsicherheit über deren weitere Entwicklung nicht per se vorteilhaft ist, werden die Akteure die Geschwindigkeit dieses bilateralen Investitionsprozess im Hinblick auf die gewünschte Bindungswirkung steuern. Getestet wird dieses Modell am Beispiel der Partnerschaften von Unternehmensbesitzern, die aufgrund der engen Verknüpfung von Haushalt und Erwerbstätigkeit ein besonderes Interesse an stabilen privaten Beziehungen besitzen. Anhand der Mannheimer Scheidungsstudie kann gezeigt werden, dass Unternehmensbesitzer und ihre Ehepartner früher zentrale Ereignisse in der Partnerschaftsbiographie - wie etwa das erste gemeinsame Kind - durchlaufen. Dieser beschleunigte Investitionsprozess führt schließlich konsequenterweise zu einer höheren Stabilität der Ehen von Unternehmensbesitzern. (Autorenreferat)
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(2003): Perceived gaze direction and the processing of facial displays of emotion. In: Psychological science 14 (6), S. 644-647. DOI: 10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1479.x
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14629700 Abstract: There is good reason to believe that gaze direction and facial displays of emotion share an information value as signals of approach or avoidance. The combination of these cues in the analysis of social communication, however, has been a virtually neglected area of inquiry. Two studies were conducted to test the prediction that direct gaze would facilitate the processing of facially communicated approach-oriented emotions (e.g., anger and joy), whereas averted gaze would facilitate the processing of facially communicated avoidance-oriented emotions (e.g., fear and sadness). The results of both studies confirmed the central hypothesis and suggest that gaze direction and facial expression are combined in the processing of emotionally relevant facial information.
Keywords: abgewendeter Blick, Affect, Angst, Blick / Gaze, Blickkontakt, Blickrichtung, Emotionaler Zustand, Emotionen, Facial Expression, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Freude, Gesicht und assoziierte Zuschreibungen, Gesichtsausdruck, Gestik/Mimik, Humans, Male, theory of mind, Traurigkeit, Visual Perception, Wut -
Ágel, Vilmos; Eichinger, Ludwig M.; Eroms, Hans Werner; Hellwig, Peter; Heringer, Hans Jürgen; Lobin, Henning (Hg.) (2003): Dependency and Valency. An International Handbook of Contemporary Research. Berlin; New York: De Gruyter
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(2003): Conversational dynamics of humour. The telephone game in Greek. In: Journal of Pragmatics 35 (5), S. 741-769. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00150-9
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate humorous exchanges in Greek telephone conversation openings in the light of Raskin's (Raskin, Victor, 1985. Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. D. Reidel, Dordrecht/Boston/Lancaster) and Attardo's (Attardo, Salvatore, 1994. Linguistic Theories of Humor. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin; Attardo, Salvatore, 2001. Humorous Texts: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin) semantico-pragmatic theories of humour and the principles of conversation analysis regarding telephone interaction [Sacks, Harvey, 1995. In: Jefferson, G. (Ed.), Lectures on Conversation, Vols I and II. Blackwell, Oxford (1963, 1970, 1972) (reprint) and Schegloff, Emanuel A., 1972. Sequencing in conversational openings. In: Gumperz, J.J. and Hymes, D. (Eds.), Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 346-380 (1968) (reprint)]. The material analysed (268 humorous exchanges between young adults) shows that such interactions are understood as a game, with interlocutors negotiating and co-constructing tacit rules involving a deliberate attack on social and linguistic conventions while at the same time creating a new code pertaining to in-group members only. The exchanges examined involve wordplay, insincere enquiries, complaints and reprimands. Wordplay in natural conversation has been attributed both an aggressive and a disruptive function (Norrick, Neal R., 1993. Conversational Joking. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indianapolis). Our data point to degrees of disruption, in that despite the playfulness of the exchanges, the canonical pattern including preemptive moves is preserved in most cases. Aggression, on the other hand, is also shown to be scalar and to serve primarily bonding purposes. In the light of the findings we propose a bridge between the GTVH, CA and politeness theory (Brown, Penelope and Stephen Levinson, 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), with accompanying modifications considered necessary to account for this type of data and possibly for dialogic material of other types.
Keywords: time -
(2003): Manieren. 4. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: EichbornKeywords: Deutschland, Umgangsformen
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(2003): Viele Wege führen aus der Sackgasse. Lebensenttäuschungen durch Nicht-Ereignisse - Eine Chance zur persönlichen Entwicklung?. In: Report Psychologie 28 (10), S. 584-593. Online verfügbar unter http://www.report-psychologie.de/, zuletzt geprüft am 06.07.2018
Abstract: Es werden Bewältigungsprozesse von existenziellen Krisen untersucht, die durch "Nicht-Ereignisse" hervorgerufen werden, d. h. durch Lebensenttäuschungen aufgrund des dauerhaften Ausbleibens erwünschter Ereignisse oder des Nichterreichens von bedeutsamen Lebenszielen. Befragt wurden 40 Personen, die in den vergangenen fünf Jahren ein gravierendes Nicht-Ereignis verarbeitet hatten, etwa ungewollte Kinderlosigkeit oder eine ausgebliebene berufliche Karriere. Derartige Krisen können sich über Jahre hinziehen. Der Loslösungs- und Bewältigungsprozess wurde durch Anstöße von anderen Personen oder durch innere Prozesse wie eine Bilanzierung der eigenen Situation ausgelöst. Bei der Bewältigung konnten kognitive und emotionale Verarbeitungsprozesse, soziale Unterstützung, aktionale Verarbeitung (Ersatzaktivitäten) und pragmatisches Handeln als Prozesshilfen gefunden werden. Alle Befragten berichteten von Entwicklungsgewinnen aufgrund der Krise und ihrer Bewältigung, wobei sich mehr als die Hälfte der Aussagen auf die "Selbstentwicklung" (Selbsterkenntnis, Selbstwahrnehmung, Selbstvertrauen u. a. ) bezogen. Ein weiterer Aspekt war der Zuwachs an kognitiven und kreativen, emotionalen, sozialen und lebenspraktischen Fähigkeiten und Haltungen. Die Lebenskrisen hatten bei fast drei Viertel der Betroffenen Fragen nach einem versteckten Sinn der spezifischen Erfahrung und die Beschäftigung mit einer generellen existenziellen Sinnfrage ausgelöst oder aktiviert. zitiert von 3
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(2003): Innovation is not enough: Climates for initiative and psychological safety, process innovations, and firm performance. In: Journal of Organizational Behavior 24, S. 45-68. Online verfügbar unter https://doi.org/10.1002/job.179
Abstract: This paper contributes to the discussion on contingencies of process innovations by focusing on and introducing organizational-level constructs of climate for initiative and psychological safety. We argue that process innovations, defined as deliberate and new organizational attempts to change production and service processes, need to be accompanied by climates that complement the adoption and implementation of such innovations. Our study of 47 mid-sized German companies examines the relation between process innovations, climates for initiative and psychological safety, and firm performance. Results show that climates for initiative and psychological safety were positively related to two measures of firm performance—longitudinal change in return on assets (holding prior return on assets constant) and firm goal achievement—and moderated the relation between process innovations and firm performance.
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(2003) : Training sozialer Kompetenzen In: Beck, N.; Warnke, A.; Adams, G.; Patzelt, H. (Hg.): Angst, Depression und Verweigerung in Familie und Schule: Würzburg: Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, S. 141-150
Abstract: Es wird informiert über die Bedeutung von Trainings sozialer Kompetenzen in der Arbeit mit verhaltensauffälligen und psychisch kranken Kindern und Jugendlichen. Zunächst wird der Begriff der sozialen Kompetenz geklärt, und es wird gezeigt, im Rahmen welcher psychischen Störungen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten soziale Fertigkeitsdefizite eine besonders wichtige Rolle spielen. Dann werden theoretische Erklärungsmodelle zu den Ursachen des mangelhaften Erwerbs sozialer Fertigkeiten besprochen, und die Frage der Effektivität sozialer Kompetenztrainings wird angesprochen. Anschließend werden die Grundbausteine des Gruppentrainings sozialer Kompetenzen geschildert, das in einer Tagesklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie praktiziert wird. Das Training umfasst sowohl Sitzungen mit den Kindern bzw. Jugendlichen als auch mit den Eltern.
Keywords: Adolescent Psychiatry, antisoziales und selbstdestruktives Verhalten, Behavior Disorders, Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior, Child Psychiatry, Inpatient & Hospital Services, Jugendpsychiatrie, Kinderpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Mental Disorders, Social Skills, Psychische Störungen, Psychological Disorders, Social Skills Training, social skills training for children & adolescents with mental disorders & behavior disorders, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziales Kompetenztraining, Stationäre Behandlung, theoretical background & practical aspects, Therapieergebnisse, Training sozialer Fertigkeiten, Treatment Outcomes, Verhaltensforschung, Verhaltensstörungen -
Beck, N.; Warnke, A.; Adams, G.; Patzelt, H. (Hg.) (2003): Angst, Depression und Verweigerung in Familie und Schule. Würzburg: Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Keywords: Psychotherapie -
(2003): Soziale Intelligenz im Managementkontext: Entwicklung und Evaluation eines filmgestützten Diagnostikums. Hamburg: Kovač
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Bergemann, Niels; Sourisseaux, Andreas L. J. (Hg.) (2003): Interkulturelles Management. 3., vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
Abstract: Das Buch gibt einen Überblick über relevante Aspekte interkulturellen Managements. Werte, Führungsverhalten, Kommunikation, Motivation und Entscheidungsfindung werden unter interkulturellem Aspekt im ersten Teil des Bandes dargestellt, wobei auch auf die organisatorischen Bedingungen interkulturellen Managements eingegangen wird. Im zweiten Teil werden Handlungsfelder interkulturellen Managements, wie Personalauswahl im internationalen Kontext, Training interkultureller Kompetenzen, Organisations- und Personalentwicklung, Reintegration und länderbezogene Aspekte diskutiert. Ferner wird auch auf besondere Anwendungsbereiche in der öffentlichen Verwaltung oder bei internationalen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben eingegangen und Fragen der Ausbildung internationaler Managementkompetenz erörtert. Die Kapitel der Vorauflage wurden vollständig überarbeitet und aktualisiert sowie unter Berücksichtigung der neuesten Literatur erweitert. Sieben neue Kapitel berücksichtigen aktuelle Entwicklungen des Themenbereichs
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(2003): Emotion and sociable humanoid robots. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 59 (1-2), S. 119-155. DOI: 10.1016/S1071-5819(03)00018-1
DOI: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2003-06408-008&site=ehost-live Abstract: This paper focuses on the role of emotion and expressive behavior in regulating social interaction between humans and expressive anthropomorphic robots, either in communicative or teaching scenarios. We present the scientific basis underlying our humanoid robot's emotion models and expressive behavior, and then show how these scientific viewpoints have been adapted to the current implementation. Our robot is also able to recognize affective intent through tone of voice, the implementation of which is inspired by the scientific findings of the developmental psycholinguistics community. We first evaluate the robot's expressive displays in isolation. Next, we evaluate the robot's overall emotive behavior (i.e. the coordination of the affective recognition system, the emotion and motivation systems, and the expression system) as it socially engages nave human subjects face-to-face. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: emotional & Robotik, Social robotic -
(2003): Toward sociable robots. In: Robotics and Autonomous Systems 42 (3), S. 167-175. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-8890(02)00373-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8890(02)00373-1 Abstract: This paper explores the topic of social robots—the class of robots that people anthropomorphize in order to interact with them. From the diverse and growing number of applications for such robots, a few distinct modes of interaction are beginning to emerge. We distinguish four such classes: socially evocative, social interface, socially receptive, and sociable. For the remainder of the paper, we explore a few key features of sociable robots that distinguish them from the others. We use the vocal turn-taking behavior of our robot, Kismet, as a case study to highlight these points.
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(2003): Monkeys reject unequal pay. In: Nature 425 (6955), S. 297-299. DOI: 10.1038/nature01963
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01963 Abstract: During the evolution of cooperation it may have become critical for individuals to compare their own efforts and pay-offs with those of others. Negative reactions may occur when expectations are violated. One theory proposes that aversion to inequity can explain human cooperation within the bounds of the rational choice model, and may in fact be more inclusive than previous explanations. Although there exists substantial cultural variation in its particulars, this 'sense of fairness' is probably a human universal that has been shown to prevail in a wide variety of circumstances. However, we are not the only cooperative animals, hence inequity aversion may not be uniquely human. Many highly cooperative nonhuman species seem guided by a set of expectations about the outcome of cooperation and the division of resources. Here we demonstrate that a nonhuman primate, the brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella), responds negatively to unequal reward distribution in exchanges with a human experimenter. Monkeys refused to participate if they witnessed a conspecific obtain a more attractive reward for equal effort, an effect amplified if the partner received such a reward without any effort at all. These reactions support an early evolutionary origin of inequity aversion.
Keywords: Aging, Animals, Cebus/psychology, Choice Behavior, Cooperative Behavior, Female, Male, Reward, Social Justice -
(2003): Explaining cultural differences in evaluations of emotional support behaviors: Exploring the mediating influences of value systems and interaction goals. In: Communication Research 30 (2), S. 113-146. DOI: 10.1177/0093650202250873
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650202250873 Abstract: Research suggests that affirming, emotion-focused expressions of comfort effectively provide social support. However, little research has examined whether preferred approaches to providing support differ as a function of culture and, if so, why. This study sought to document, for both the Barbee and Cunningham typology of support behaviors and the Burleson hierarchy of comforting messages, whether there are cultural differences in preferred approaches to emotional support provision and, if so, what factors might account for these differences. Participants completed assessments of (a) the appropriateness of using solace, solve, dismiss, and escape behaviors, (b) the perceived sensitivity of comforting messages varying in degree of person centeredness, (c) interaction goal orientation, (d) the value placed on skill in comforting, and (e) collectivist and individualist values. Participants were Euro-American, and Chinese. Analyses indicated there were significant cultural differences in evaluations of support behaviors and that these differences were partially mediated by interaction goals and value orientations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2003): Noneconomic Motives Predicting Cooperation in Public Good Dilemmas: The Effect of Received Respect on Contributions. In: Social Justice Research 16 (4), S. 367-377. DOI: 10.1023/A:1026361632114
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026361632114 Abstract: The present research examined the extent to which feeling respected, versus feeling disrespected, influences people's willingness to contribute to the public good. Further, it was investigated why such a positive effect of respect should occur. The findings showed that respect indeed had a positive influence on contributions. In addition, it was shown that respect also positively influenced people's feelings of belongingness and that this feeling was found to mediate the effect of respect on contributions. These findings thus indicate that research on social decision-making, and more specifically social dilemmas, has to start devoting more attention to people's noneconomic motives that are independent of outcome concerns when explaining the act of cooperation.
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(2003): Impoliteness revisited. With special reference to dynamic and prosodic aspects. In: Journal of Pragmatics 35 (10-11), S. 1545-1579. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00118-2
Abstract: This paper focuses on impoliteness, the use of communicative strategies designed to attack face, and thereby cause social conflict and disharmony. Using television documentary recordings of disputes between traffic wardens and car owners as our data, we revisit the impoliteness framework mapped out in Culpeper [J. Prag. 25 (1996) 349]. Having justified why an impoliteness framework is needed, we explore the notion of impoliteness and consider whether the impoliteness strategies identified in Culpeper can be found in another discourse type. We argue that for impoliteness to be fully appreciated we need to move beyond the single strategy (lexically and grammatically defined) and examine both how impoliteness pans out in extended discourse and the role of prosody in conveying impoliteness. Our paper has important implications for politeness theory and discourse studies in general, and the role of prosody in discourse in particular. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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(2003): Putting visual images and sound on a par with written sources - Proposing diplomatic standards for audio-visual documentation. In: BIBLIOTHEQUE DE L ECOLE DES CHARTES 161 (2), S. 553-601
Abstract: Twentieth-century audio-visual documents (photographs, films and recordings) are as numerous as records on paper. They have become ever more important in both public and private spheres. Nonetheless, historians have not used them to their full extent, because of a twofold obstacle, namely a technical barrier and a methodological problem. Firstly, they come up against the prerequisite that one must acquire some knowledge of the technology and processes involved in making audio-visual documents, just as mediaeval scholars are trained in palaeography and philology. As to methods, there are no analytical tools that might compare with those developed long ago by traditional diplomatic criticism. This article outlines the scientific, technical and methodological elements (form, production, transmission, edition and exploitation) necessary to establish a diplomatics of audio-visual documents and to develop their use for historical research.
Keywords: diplomatic training, SvA -
(2003) : Respect In: Zalta, Edward N.: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Fall 2003 Edition: Stanford, California: Metaphysics Research Lab. Online verfügbar unter http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2003/entries/respect/, zuletzt geprüft am 23.10.2019
Abstract: Respect has great importance in everyday life. As children we are taught (one hopes) to respect our parents, teachers, and elders, school rules and traffic laws, family and cultural traditions, other people's feelings and rights, our country's flag and leaders, the truth and people's differing opinions. And we come to value respect for such things; when we're older, we may shake our heads (or fists) at people who seem not to have learned to respect them. We develop great respect for people we consider exemplary and lose respect for those we discover to be clay-footed, and so we may try to respect only those who are truly worthy of our respect. We may also come to believe that, at some level, all people are worthy of respect. We may learn that jobs and relationships become unbearable if we receive no respect in them; in certain social milieus we may learn the price of disrespect if we violate the street law: “Diss me, and you die.” Calls to respect this or that are increasingly part of public life: environmentalists exhort us to respect nature, foes of abortion and capital punishment insist on respect for human life, members of racial and ethnic minorities and those discriminated against because of their gender, sexual orientation, age, religious beliefs, or economic status demand respect both as social and moral equals and for their cultural differences. And it is widely acknowledged that public debates about such demands should take place under terms of mutual respect. We may learn both that our lives together go better when we respect the things that deserve to be respected and that we should respect some things independently of considerations of how our lives would go.