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2018
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(2018): Being respected by nurses: Measuring older patients' perceptions. In: International journal of older people nursing 13 (3). DOI: 10.1111/opn.12197
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29701287 Abstract: AIM AND OBJECTIVE To investigate older patients' perceptions of respect in hospital nursing care and to test a newly developed instrument measuring the phenomenon. BACKGROUND Respect manifests itself in the older patient-nurse relationship in terms of nurses being with and doing for the patient. Empirical studies investigating respect from the older patients' perspective are rare. There is a need to maintain respectful behaviours and attitudes within hospital-based nursing practice. Furthermore, there is a lack of instruments measuring respect in the care provided by nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional explorative survey design was used. Data were collected between February and May 2016 by interviewing face-to-face 196 older patients in two hospitals in Finland. Respect was measured using the ReSpect scale (Parts A and B) developed for this study. Respect is based on the two dimensions of respect, nurses' Being with and Doing for patients. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods including the psychometric testing of the new instrument. RESULTS Older patients perceived respect in their care frequently and to a great extent, although there were also shortcomings. The findings highlight the need to improve respect to patients in care delivery by showing an interest in their views, acknowledging them positively and supporting their individual capacities. A two-factor structure of the ReSpect scale Part A and a four-factor structure of the Part B were confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that older hospital patients perceived respect by nurses overall, but the area where there is the most room for improvement is that of listening and encouraging. The psychometric analysis demonstrated that the ReSpect scale shows promise in measuring respect. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The ReSpect scale could be a useful tool to measure respect, an important element of value-based health care.
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(2018): The influence of effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate on nurses' perceptions of nurse-physician collaboration in China. In: Applied nursing research: ANR 41, S. 73-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.04.005
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29853219 Abstract: BACKGROUND Nurse-physician collaboration is a critical prerequisite for high-quality care. Previous researchers have addressed multiple factors that influence collaboration. However, little of this research has explored the influence of interactional factors on nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration in China. AIMS To examine the influence of interactional factors (effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate) on nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 971 registered nurses in nine hospitals was conducted. An author-designed interactional factor questionnaire and the Nurse-Physician Collaboration Scale were used to collect data. Multiple regression analysis was used. RESULTS Nurse-physician collaboration was identified as at a moderate level (mean = 3.93 ± 0.68). Interactional factors (effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate) were identified as relatively moderate to high (mean = 4.03 ± 0.68, mean = 3.87 ± 0.75, mean = 4.50 ± 0.59, respectively). The results showed that effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate explained 57.3% of the variance in nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration (Adjusted R2 = 0.573, F = 435.563, P < 0.001). Perceived respect (β = 0.378) was the strongest factor relevant to nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration, second was effective communication (β = 0.315), and the weakest factor among these three factors was willingness to collaborate (β = 0.160). CONCLUSION Nurses' perceptions of collaboration were relatively positive, mainly in Sharing of patient information; however, improvements need to be made regarding Joint participation in the cure/care decision-making process. Effective communication, perceived respect and willingness to collaborate significantly affect nurses' perception of nurse-physician collaboration, with perceived respect having greater explanatory power among the three interactional factors. It is necessary for hospital managers to develop strategies to build professional respect for nurses, facilitate effective nurse-physician communication and improve nurses' willingness to collaborate.
2017
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(2017): Do We Gossip for Moral Reasons?. The Intersection of Moral Foundations and Gossip. In: Basic and Applied Social Psychology 39 (4), S. 218-230. DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2017.1336713
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2017.1336713 Abstract: Gossip is comprised of evaluative talk about absent others. Although such evaluations may be moral or non-moral, moral judgments often precede the transmission of gossip. This work explored the salience of moral and non-moral motivations to transmit gossip-like information. Two studies explored the relationships between the general tendency to gossip, transmission of, and interest in gossip, five moral foundations (Harm/care, Fairness/reciprocity, Ingroup/loyalty, Authority/respect, Purity/sanctity), their sacredness in relational contexts, and moral and non-moral motives to gossip. Results from Studies 1 (negative gossip—infidelity) and 2 (positive gossip—fidelity) indicated that moral motives to gossip were more important than non-moral motives. The contribution of morality in perpetuating gossip was discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Authority, Fairness, Gossip, Ingroup Outgroup, Moral, Loyalty, Morality, Reciprocity, respect, social psychology, Sozialpsychologie -
(2017): Neutralitat und Allparteilichkeit oder. Was hat denn das mit Haltung zu tun? Ein uberaus personlicher Blick. In: Zeitschrift fur systemische Therapie und Beratung 35 (2), S. 72-74
Abstract: Aus personlicher Perspektive wird ein Blick auf die systemische Haltung zwischen Werten und Allparteilichkeit geworfen. Basierend auf Erfahrungen aus der Praxis beraterisch-therapeutischer Arbeit wird die zentrale Bedeutung einer Unterscheidung zwischen Respekt gegenuber dem Anderen und der Akzeptanz seiner Handlungen oder Einstellungen verdeutlicht. Daruber hinaus wird auf die Auseinandersetzung mit den Grunden des Gegenubers fur Verhalten, die damit verbundene Offenheit fur den Dialog und die Subjektivitat der eigenen Uberzeugungen und Werte eingegangen.
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(2017) : Grundriss einer sozialpsychologischen Respekttheorie Hogrefe Verlag . Online verfügbar unter https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1026/0033-3042/a000326 , zuletzt geprüft am 23.02.2018
Abstract: Outline of a Social Psychological Theory of Respect: Implications for Cooperation and Conflict in Pluralistic Societies Abstract. In this article, I outline a social psychological theory of respect with a particular emphasis on the importance of respect for social life in pluralistic societies. Building on social recognition approaches in social philosophy, I first elaborate on a conception of respect as equality recognition. Subsequently, I discuss empirical findings from our own program of research, which validate the proposed respect concept and illuminate important social consequences of respect (as well as of disrespect). I close with some considerations regarding the dynamics of respect and possible trajectories of politicized struggles for recognition in pluralistic societies.
2016
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(2016) : Moral Emotions ☆ In: Stein, John: Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology: Place of publication not identified: Elsevier, S. 644-649
Abstract: This article reviews current theory and research on moral emotions with a particular focus on the development of moral emotions in childhood and adolescence. The development of moral emotions is central to theories and research on morality and social-emotional development. After providing definitions and outlining a key theoretical model of moral emotions, the major studies addressing the development of the various moral emotions, as well as the relations to human social behavior such as aggression and prosociality, are reviewed. Finally, educational practices aimed at enhancing the development of moral emotions are highlighted and examples of best-practice approaches are reviewed.
2015
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(2015): Reconsidering Respect for Persons in a Globalizing World. In: Developing world bioethics 15 (2), S. 98-106. DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12045
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24720355 Abstract: Contemporary clinical ethics was founded on principlism, and the four principles: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice, remain dominant in medical ethics discourse and practice. These principles are held to be expansive enough to provide the basis for the ethical practice of medicine across cultures. Although principlism remains subject to critique and revision, the four-principle model continues to be taught and applied across the world. As the practice of medicine globalizes, it remains critical to examine the extent to which both the four-principle framework, and individual principles among the four, suffice patients and practitioners in different social and cultural contexts. Using the four-principle model we analyze two accounts of surrogate decision making - one from the developed and one from the developing world - in which the clinician undertakes medical decision-making with apparently little input from the patient and/or family. The purpose of this analysis is to highlight challenges in assessing ethical behaviour according to the principlist model. We next describe cultural expectations and mores that inform both patient and clinician behaviors in these scenarios in order to argue that the principle of respect for persons informed by culture-specific ideas of personhood may offer an improved ethical construct for analyzing and guiding medical practice in a globalized and plural world.
Keywords: Beneficence, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Clinical Decision-Making/ethics, Cultural Characteristics, culture specific, Decision Making, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Ethical Analysis, Ethics, Medical, Family/ethnology/psychology, Humans, Internationality, Interviews as Topic, Islam, kulturspezifisch, Medizin, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pakistan, Personal Autonomy, Personhood, Physician-Patient Relations/ethics, Principle-Based Ethics, respect, Respekt, Transcultural Nursing, United States 2013
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(2013): Von der Bedeutung des Glucks. In: TZI Themenzentrierte Interaktion 27 (1), S. 9-18
Abstract: Die Bedeutung von Gluck und die Beziehungen zwischen Gluck und Moral werden aus der Perspektive der themenzentrierten Interaktion (TZI) betrachtet. Nach einer Bestimmung des Glucksbegriffs (episodisch und ubergreifend) werden historische Stationen der Auffassungen uber das Verhaltnis von Gluck und Moral beleuchtet. Als ein wesentliches Element des Glucks wird der Aspekt der Selbstbestimmung verdeutlicht, der im Konflikte zwischen Gluck und Moral (zwischen Selbstachtung und Rucksicht auf die Anspruche und Gefuhle anderer) bedeutsam ist. Anhand der TZI-Konzeption werden Gluck und Moral anschliessend unter dem Vorzeichen eines "Sowohl-als-auch" als dialektische Einheit der Gegensatze reflektiert.
2010
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(2010): Incorporating the cultural value of respeto into a framework of Latino parenting. In: Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 16 (1), S. 77-86
Abstract: Latino families face multiple stressors associated with adjusting to United States mainstream culture that, along with poverty and residence in inner-city communities, may further predispose their children to risk for negative developmental outcomes. Evidence-based mental health treatments may require culturally informed modifications to best address the unique needs of the Latino population, yet few empirical studies have assessed these cultural elements. The current study examined cultural values of 48 Dominican and Mexican mothers of preschoolers through focus groups in which they described their core values as related to their parenting role. Results showed that respeto, family and religion were the most important values that mothers sought to transmit to their children. Respeto is manifested in several domains, including obedience to authority, deference, decorum, and public behavior. The authors describe the socialization messages that Latina mothers use to teach their children respeto and present a culturally derived framework of how these messages may relate to child development. The authors discuss how findings may inform the cultural adaptation of evidence-based mental health treatments such as parent training programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Acculturation, Adult, Child, Child development, Childhood Development, Cultural Characteristics, cultural values, decorum, Dominican Republic, Einzelstudie / spezifisch, Ethnic Values, Female, Gesundheit, Hispanic Americans, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, Latinas, Latino parenting, Latinos, Mexican Americans, MODELS, Parent Child Relations, Parenting, Preschool, preschoolers, Psychological, respect, respeto, Social Values, Socialization, United States, VALUES 2007
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(2007): Respect, equality, and power: A social psychological perspective. In: Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung 38 (3), S. 309-326. DOI: 10.1007/s11612-007-0027-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-007-0027-2 Abstract: In this article I outline a principled social psychological approach to respect. As a first definitional approximation, I suggest that respect for someone involves the willingness to include that person as a factor in the psychological equation underlying self-regulation. I then review and discuss the fairly recent, but thriving, career of the notion of respect in social psychological research, with particular emphasis on intragroup respect. Next, I turn to conceptual specification and purification necessary for a principled approach to respect and discuss promising efforts to identify the critical social psychological principle or active ingredient of respect. In particular, I make out a case for an equality-based conception of respect in which recognition as an equal plays a central role. The final section examines further theoretical and practical implications of this conception including its relation and relevance to issues of social power. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
1977
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(1977): Two Kinds of Respect. In: Ethics 88 (1), S. 36-49. DOI: 10.1086/292054
Abstract: S. 39: "My project in this paper is to develop the initial distinction which I have drawn between recognition and appraisal respect into a more detailed and specific account of each. These accounts will not merely be of intrinsic interest. Ultimately I will use them to illuminate the puzzles with which this paper began and to understand the idea of self-respect." 42 " Thus, insofar as respect within such a pursuit will depend on an appraisal of the participant from the perspective of whatever standards are held to be appropriate to the pursuit, such respect will depend on a judgement to which excellences of character are thought relevant. Note that exactly what aspect of the person's character is thought to be relevant in this instance is his recognition respect (or lack of it) for the standards of the pursuit." 44 "This attitude fails of being appraisal respect in that my having it toward the person is conditional on those traits being such as to make him server a particular purpose that I happen to have" 44 - 45 "To sum up: Appraisal respect is an attitude of positive appraisal of a person either judged as a person or as engaged in some more specific pursuit. In the first case, the appropriate grounds are features of the person's character: dispositions to act for particular reasons or a higher-level disposition to act for the best reasons. In the second case, though features of character do not exhaust the appropriate grounds for appraisal respect, some such character traits will be relevant (recognition respect for the standards of a particular pursuit). Also, the other features which constitute the appoprate excellences of the pursuit must be related to traits of character in the way specified. In both cases, the positive appraisal of the person, and of his traits, must be categorical. It cannot depend on the fact that the person, because of his traits, serves an interest or purpose of one's own." 45 "To have recognition respect for someone as a person is to give appropriate weight to the fact that he or she is a person by being willing to constrain one's behaviour in ways required by that fact." 45 "This is rather different from having an attitude of appraisal respect for someone as a person. The latter is a positive appraisal of an individual made with regard to those features which are excellences of persons. As such, it is not owed to everone, for it may or may not be merited. When it is, what is merited is just the positive appraisal itself." 47 "Second, the only beings who are approriate objects of appraisal respect are those who are capable of acting for reasons and hence capable of conceiving of various facts as meriting more or less consideration in deliberation."
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