Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018) : Values and the human being. In: van Zomeren, Martijn; Dovidio, John F. (Hg.): The Oxford handbook of the human essence: New York, NY: Oxford University Press (Oxford library of psychology), S. 219-231
Abstract: This chapter examines psychological and philosophical traditions in the study of values. It explores two perspectives on values that are useful for thinking about their role in understanding what it means to be human. The internal perspective focuses on the roles values play in the psychological functioning of people and how they relate to human essence. The external perspective describes how values are produced and acquired both in phylogenesis and in ontogenesis and how that contributes to human essence. It is suggested that the phylogenetic perspective explains the pan-cultural agreement in value hierarchies and the ontogenetic perspective explains both the assimilation of the cultural system of values and inter-individual diversity. The chapter also considers relations between personality and values and the metaphysical interpretation of values. Finally, it reflects on the relevance of values to human essence.
Keywords: Gesellschaft, Werte -
(2018) : Akkulturation In: Machleidt, Wielant; Kluge, Ulrike; Sieberer, Marcel Gerd; Heinz, Andreas; Agorastos, Agorastos (Hg.): Praxis der interkulturellen Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie: Migration und psychische Gesundheit: 2. Auflage: München: Elsevier, S. 77-81
Abstract: siehe PDF
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(2018): Learning moral values. Another's desire to punish enhances one's own punitive behavior. In: Journal of experimental psychology. General, S. 1211-1224. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000405
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878807 Abstract: There is little consensus about how moral values are learned. Using a novel social learning task, we examine whether vicarious learning impacts moral values-specifically fairness preferences-during decisions to restore justice. In both laboratory and Internet-based experimental settings, we employ a dyadic justice game where participants receive unfair splits of money from another player and respond resoundingly to the fairness violations by exhibiting robust nonpunitive, compensatory behavior (baseline behavior). In a subsequent learning phase, participants are tasked with responding to fairness violations on behalf of another participant (a receiver) and are given explicit trial-by-trial feedback about the receiver's fairness preferences (e.g., whether they prefer punishment as a means of restoring justice). This allows participants to update their decisions in accordance with the receiver's feedback (learning behavior). In a final test phase, participants again directly experience fairness violations. After learning about a receiver who prefers highly punitive measures, participants significantly enhance their own endorsement of punishment during the test phase compared with baseline. Computational learning models illustrate the acquisition of these moral values is governed by a reinforcement mechanism, revealing it takes as little as being exposed to the preferences of a single individual to shift one's own desire for punishment when responding to fairness violations. Together this suggests that even in the absence of explicit social pressure, fairness preferences are highly labile. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2018): Studying social change, culture, and human development. A theoretical framework and methodological guidelines. In: Developmental Review, S. 16-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.05.003
Abstract: In a time of massive social change around the world, a major goal of the present article is to provide interdisciplinary methods for studying social change, culture, and human development and an interdisciplinary theory that can serve as a framework for this research (Greenfield, 2009, 2016). The purpose is to provide developmental researchers with useful theoretical and methodological guidelines to study human development in changing sociodemographic and cultural contexts. Examples of two types of research design for studying social change are presented: Diachronic, in which data are gathered at different points in time; and synchronic, in which all data are gathered at the same point in time. While research designs and techniques vary, the findings that are summarized provide strong support for Greenfield's interdisciplinary theory of social change and human development. One take-away is that researchers should avoid methodocentrism: a strong theoretical framework can be tested, supported, and enhanced using a variety of methods and methodologies. In addition to research designs, the article describes and analyzes data gathering techniques that can be used with participants across the whole sociodemographic spectrum of educational levels, technology experience, agricultural or commercial economy, and rural or urban residence. These techniques are equally useful for both cross-cultural comparison and the study of social change. The article concludes by comparing the WEIRD conceptualization (Henrich, Heine, & Norazayan, 2010) with the theory of social change and human development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): How do social norms influence prosocial development?. In: Current Opinion in Psychology 20, S. 87-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.011
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28858771 Abstract: Humans are both highly prosocial and extremely sensitive to social norms, and some theories suggest that norms are necessary to account for uniquely human forms of prosocial behavior and cooperation. Understanding how norms influence prosocial behavior is thus essential if we are to describe the psychology and development of prosocial behavior. In this article I review recent research from across the social sciences that provides (1) a theoretical model of how norms influence prosocial behavior, (2) empirical support for the model based on studies with adults and children, and (3) predictions about the psychological mechanisms through which norms shape prosocial behavior. I conclude by discussing the need for future studies into how prosocial behavior develops through emerging interactions between culturally varying norms, social cognition, emotions, and potentially genes. zitiert von 4
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(2018): Implementation via rights structures. In: Journal of Economic Theory 176, S. 479-502. DOI: 10.1016/j.jet.2018.04.009
Abstract: Implementation of socially desirable alternatives can be thought of as a way to design power distribution in a society such that the equilibrium outcomes coincide with the alternatives chosen at each preference profile. In this paper, we introduce a new institutional framework for implementation, which takes power distribution in a society as its point of departure. We use the notion of a rights structure, introduced by Sertel (2001), to formalize the power distribution in a society. We formulate and characterize implementability via rights structures under different specifications, which require having well-defined convergence dynamics and being consistent with farsighted behavior. We identify how implementation via rights structures is related to implementation via mechanisms. In the presence of at least three agents, we find the class of rights structures, implementability via which is equivalent to Nash and strong Nash implementability. We also introduce a strategic counterpart of implementation via rights structures in terms of deviation-constrained mechanisms.
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(2018) : Interkulturelle Kompetenz In: Machleidt, Wielant; Kluge, Ulrike; Sieberer, Marcel Gerd; Heinz, Andreas; Agorastos, Agorastos (Hg.): Praxis der interkulturellen Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie: Migration und psychische Gesundheit: 2. Auflage: München: Elsevier, S. 189-197
Abstract: siehe pdf
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(2018): Sociology. Moral dialogues and normative change. In: The Social Science Journal 55 (1), S. 19-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.soscij.2018.02.005
Abstract: Moral dialogues are one mechanism of cultural change, allowing communities to resolve conflicts and revise the fundamental norms and values governing their members’ relationships. This essay illustrates the moral dialogue process with the debates over sexual harassment in the Trump era. Victimized women launched a transnational “megalogue” that pervaded politics, business, entertainment, academia, and other spheres. It transformed norms, institutions, and enforcement of acceptable behavior in employment and in public, resulting in a new shared moral understanding. However, the fact that the President is not punished for immorality demonstrates that normative change ultimately requires the rule of law.
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(2018): The role of the media in developing a shared moral understanding. In: The Social Science Journal 55 (1), S. 34-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.soscij.2018.02.011
Abstract: Over the last few decades, research has shown that media outlets are good at telling people what to think about, fulfilling what researchers call the agenda-setting role of the media. To that end, media outlets from social media to newspapers can play a pivotal role in developing a shared moral understanding.
2017
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(2017): On the cultural basis of gender differences in negotiation. In: Experimental Economics 98 (2). DOI: 10.1007/s10683-017-9547-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-017-9547-y Abstract: We study how culture and social structure influence bargaining behavior across gender, by exploring the negotiation culture in matrilineal and patriarchal societies using data from a laboratory experiment and a natural field experiment. One interesting result is that in both the actual marketplace and in the laboratory bargaining game, women in the matrilineal society earn more than men, at odds with years of evidence observed in the western world. We find that this result is critically driven by which side of the market the person is occupying: female (male) sellers in the matrilineal (patriarchal) society extract more of the bargaining surplus than male (female) sellers. In the buyer role, however, we observe no significant differences across societies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): The aesthetics of minorities against the correlation of strong institutionalism, scientism and technicality. on the voice-praxis of the minorities as art-literature. In: CLAREIRA-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA DA REGIAO AMAZONICA (4/1), S. 13-48
Abstract: In the paper, we defend that the aesthetic voice-praxis allows to social movements, citizen initiatives and political-cultural minorities the self-expression and self-affirmation from themselves and by themselves in terms of lyrical-political I-We, so that to frame and overcome the correlation of strong institutionalism, scientism and technicality which characterizes the constitution, legitimation, evolution and social-political linking of modern institutions, such as science, law, political parties and economy. These modern institutions or social systems are logical-technical, non-political and non-normative structures-subjects, marked and streamlined for a self-referential and self-subsisting dynamics which is eminently endogenous, autonomous and overlap in relation to the spontaneity and informality of the epistemological-political subjects, values and practices proper to civil society, centralizing and monopolizing the constitution, programming and functioning of their fields of research and objects and, from here, framing the own voice-praxis of these civil society's epistemological-political subjects in their nowadays action and relatively to institutions. In this sense, in the correlation of strong institutionalism, scientism and technicality, the institutions become the basis, the arena, the value and the epistemological-political subject par excellence and exclusive of the foundation of themselves and even relating to the social-cultural structuration and evolution, peripherizing the informal and spontaneous epistemological-political subjects of civil society. Against this apolitical and depoliticizing tendency assumed by modern social systems, we argue in favor of an aesthetics of the minorities that enables both their spontaneous and informal, political, politicizing and normative self-affirmation and self-expression, with no scientist and institutionalist mediations, and a political-normative praxis which is alternative and opposed to strong institutionalism and its scientism and technicism, because it is inclusive, participative and direct. Therefore, the social criticism, political-normative praxis and cultural resistance need a non-systemic, non-institutionalist, non-technicist and non-scientificist voice-praxis that can be founded and allowed by aesthetics in its anti-paradigmatic, non- institutionalist and anti-scientificist sense.
Keywords: Ästhetik, Bruch, Diskriminierung, Fehlverhalten, Gesellschaft, institutionalism, Interaktion, Kunstgeschichte, Minderheiten, minorities, Normativität, Normen, Poesie in der Politik, scientism, social systems, Soziale Klasse / Schicht, Soziale Systeme, soziokulturelle Strukturen, Subjekte, subversive, technicism, Technizität -
(2017) : Gender socialization. In: Schwarz, Jill E.: Counseling women across the life span: Empowerment, advocacy, and intervention: New York City, USA: Springer Publishing Company, S. 21-38
Abstract: After reading this chapter, you will be able to: (1) Define key terms related to gender and gender socialization. (2) Understand agents and processes of gender socialization. (3) Gain awareness of one's own gender socialization experience. (4) Identify individual and societal consequences of gender norms and stereotypes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Gender, Geschlechterforschung, Gesellschaft, Sex Roles, Social Norms, Socialization, society -
(2017): Centripetal and centrifugal forces in the moral circle. Competing constraints on moral learning. In: Cognition 167, S. 58-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.12.001
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28007293 Abstract: The idea of the moral circle pictures the self in the center, surrounded by concentric circles encompassing increasingly distant possible targets of moral concern, including family, local community, nation, all humans, all mammals, all living things including plants, and all things including inanimate objects. The authors develop the idea of two opposing forces in people's moral circles, with centripetal forces pulling inward, urging greater concern for close others than for distant others, and centrifugal forces pushing outward, resisting "drawing the line" anywhere as a form of prejudice and urging egalitarian concern for all regardless of social distance. Review of the developmental literature shows very early emergence of both moral forces, suggesting at least partly intuitive bases for each. Moral education approaches favoring one force over the other are compared, to show how these forces can provide constraints on moral learning. Finally, the centripetal/centrifugal forces view is applied to current moral debates about empathy and about politics. The authors argue that this view helps us see how intercultural and interpersonal disagreements about morality are based in intrapersonal conflicts shared by all people. zitiert von: 3
Keywords: Empathy, Gesellschaft, Gruppenverhalten, Humans, Learning, Lerntheorien, Models, Psychological, Moral, Morals, science direct -
Harkins, Stephen G.; Williams, Kipling D.; Burger, Jerry M. (Hg.) (2017): The Oxford handbook of social influence. New York: Oxford University Press (Oxford library of psychology)
Abstract: "The study of social influence has been central to social psychology since its inception. In fact, research on social influence predated the coining of the term social psychology. Its influence continued through the 1960s, when it made seminal contributions to the beginning of social psychology's golden age. However, by the mid-1980s, interest in this area waned, while at the same time, and perhaps not coincidentally, interest in social cognition waxed. Now the pendulum is swinging back, as seen in growing interest in non-cognitive, motivational accounts. The Oxford Handbook of Social Influence will contribute to a resurgence of interest in social influence that will restore it to its once preeminent position. Written by leading scholars, the chapters cover a variety of topics related to social influence, incorporating a range of levels of analysis (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intragroup) and both source (the influencers) and target (the influenced) effects. The volume also examines theories that are most relevant to social influence, as well as social influence in applied settings. The chapters contribute to the renaissance of interest in social influence by showing that it is time to reexamine classic topics in social influence; by illustrating how integrations/elaborations that advance our understanding of social influence processes are now possible; by revealing gaps in the social influence literature; and by suggesting future lines of research. Perhaps the most important of these lines of work will take into account the change from traditional social influence that occurs face-to-face to social media-mediated influence that is likely to characterize many of our interactions in the future"--The publisher.
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(2017) : Alternate Human Behavior In: Hermann, Henry R.: Dominance and aggression in humans and other animals: The great game of life: London, United Kingdom: Academic Press/Elsevier, S. 139-157
Abstract: Dominance interactions are found in all walks of life and at all levels of human existence. They may be powerful expressions that influence society in a positive or negative fashion (e.g., a political leader who genuinely cares about his or her constituents, versus a political psychopath who does as he or she pleases, sometimes destroying the lives of those who get in the way). On the other hand, they may be less-significant expressions; for example, simply winning at a competitive sport or game of cards. People who have an antisocial personality typically express their form of dominance in a more aggressive, sometimes violent fashion. The development of a sedentary lifestyle in humans led to the formation of larger groups and increased interrelationships, including individuals who were extra-familial. Most urban and suburban human societies continue in this fashion, while aboriginal societies either live in multifamily groups or have retained the earlier family-oriented groupings. Our predecessors learned that living in a large group was a more effective way of meeting material and spiritual needs, and it functioned as a better system of defense against threats. Unfortunately, opposing groups became larger as well, and their differences often led to altercations and mass killings. Existing in groups comes with certain responsibilities. Rules must be made (generally based on religious, moral, and political beliefs), and members of such a group are expected to become familiar with and practice behaviors that depict a social “norm.” While social norms vary, depending on the society to which an individual belongs, some members of a society are willing to abide by social rules while others are not. Those who do abide by the rules are considered part of the “norm,” while those who do not are said to express alternate behavior. Thus, human society is composed of a tremendous variety of individuals at both extremes and others who fit somewhere in between. They occupy different behavioral categories and different rungs within the linear and despotic dominance hierarchies that exist. It is often dominant individuals who influence the making of societal rules, and it is often dominant individuals who break them. In choosing rule-making leaders, we desire individuals who are morally selfless and possibly sometimes even altruistic. While this may happen on occasion, many individuals who make the rules have more materialistic or sadistic reasons for domination. Such individuals are accustomed to using deceit to influence their followers, and their deceitful mannerisms are often difficult to recognize. In rule making, dominant individuals (especially those who have an antisocial personality) often make rules that are not self-demanding and are often directly beneficial for the rule maker. Thus, it is a selfish attitude. In rule breaking, dominant individuals generally demonstrate an even more selfish approach as well. This chapter is about those people, people with personalities who desire to dominate others by aberrant means and do not care about what the consequences of their behavior are to others. In the minds of most of society, they are the social outcasts, bullies, burglars, corporate and identity thieves, abusers, murderers, and rapists that every society must contend with. Many people who demonstrate behaviors other than the “norm” do not precisely fit descriptions of antisocial personalities, and there are no definite lines of demarcation separating one group from another. Rather, there is a gradation of personalities from one end of the scale to the other, a bell curve of personalities, if you will. While many people are perfectly comfortable in following societal rules, some people choose to isolate themselves from society by not becoming involved, separating themselves from other individuals and societal functions. They practice what has been described as an asocial way of life. Types of sociopaths, mental illness, personality disorders, psychopathic behavior, antisocial personality disorders, love, respect, falling out of love, stalking, tolerance, adultery, hatred, hate groups, and other forms of alternate behavior complete the chapter.
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(2017): Regulatory focus and human values. In: Psihologija 50 (2)
Abstract: The present article connects two approaches to the study of human motivation and behavior: The Schwartz model of human values and Higgins' regulatory focus theory. Considering a prominent model of human motivation-the Rubicon Model of Action Phases-reveals that although both approaches refer to goals and standards as crucial constructs, human values are specifically relevant concerning the so-called deliberation and evaluation phases whereas self-regulatory orientations are specifically relevant concerning the volitional phases (i.e., planning and action). It may be due to the selective focus on specific aspects of human motivation that up to date hardly any (empirical) work has tried to connect human values and self-regulatory orientations. The reported studies assessed the relation between the endorsement of values proposed in the Schwartz model of human values and individual differences in the two self-regulatory orientations (promotion and prevention) proposed in regulatory focus theory. Findings reveal that prevention-focused self-regulation is positively related to conservation values (security, conformity) and negatively related to values reflecting openness to change (stimulation, self-direction). Moreover, promotion-focused self-regulation was positively related to self-enhancement values (power, achievement) and negatively related to values reflecting self-transcendence (universalism, benevolence). In addition, the observed relations were found using different instruments to measure human values and self-regulatory orientations. In combination, the observed findings support the proposed two-dimensional structure of the value system as well as fundamental assumptions of regulatory focus theory.
Keywords: Gesellschaft, Werte -
(2017): Wert(e) der Familie. In: Report Psychologie 42 (11-12)
Abstract: m Rahmen eines Interviews wird die Bedeutung innerfamiliärer Beziehungen für die Werteentwicklung bei Eltern und Kindern im Allgemeinen und für die Integration von Bürgern mit Migrationshintergrund im Besonderen erläutert. Zudem wird darauf hingewiesen, dass für eine gelungene Integration sowohl Migrantinnen und Migranten als auch Einheimische lernen müssen, mit vielfältigen und zum Teil gegensätzlichen Werten und damit verbundenen Verhaltensweisen umzugehen. Im Folgenden werden dann Daten skizziert, die für einen Wertewandel in verschiedenen Kulturen in Richtung Autonomie, Selbstständigkeit und Individualismus sprechen. Erste in Deutschland durchgeführte Untersuchungen ergaben allerdings Hinweise darauf, dass die Ähnlichkeit hinsichtlich einer familienorientierten (versus individualistischen) Einstellung zwischen Enkeln und Großeltern größer war als zwischen Enkeln und ihren Eltern. Eine Balance zwischen Autonomie und Verbundenheit als Wertorientierungen wird als gute Voraussetzung für den Umgang mit Werten und deren Wandel sowohl in der Familie als auch in der Gesellschaft betrachtet.
Keywords: Gesellschaft, Werte -
(2017): Harm to self outweighs benefit to others in moral decision making. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114 (30), S. 7963-7968. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706693114
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706693114 Abstract: How we make decisions that have direct consequences for ourselves and others forms the moral foundation of our society. Whereas economic theory contends that humans aim at maximizing their own gains, recent seminal psychological work suggests that our behavior is instead hyperaltruistic: We are more willing to sacrifice gains to spare others from harm than to spare ourselves from harm. To investigate how such egoistic and hyperaltruistic tendencies influence moral decision making, we investigated trade-off decisions combining monetary rewards and painful electric shocks, administered to the participants themselves or an anonymous other. Whereas we replicated the notion of hyperaltruism (i.e., the willingness to forego reward to spare others from harm), we observed strongly egoistic tendencies in participants' unwillingness to harm themselves for others' benefit. The moral principle guiding intersubject trade-off decision making observed in our study is best described as egoistically biased altruism, with important implications for our understanding of economic and social interactions in our society.
Keywords: Altruism, Death and Dying, Decision Making, entscheiden, Gesellschaft, Moral, Social Cognition 2016
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(2016): Personal values and their structure under universal and lexical approaches. In: Personality and Individual Differences 96 (96)
Abstract: Investigated the degree to which universal versus lexical approaches to personal value ratings support the value circle concept, according to which human judgments are derived from important, competing values. Prior evidence for the value circle concept was based on the theory of universals in values' assumption that judgments represent a compromise between several universal basic values, which may be somewhat similar but partially incompatible. 233 Estonian volunteers (mean age 25 years) completed the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and the Estonian Value Inventory (EVI). Multidimensional scaling of the data revealed that the value circle emerged for both the universal SVS and the lexical EVI. It is demonstrated how universal and lexical methods provide somewhat complementary information. The combination of methods also yields greater stability of value circle effects. Factors identified in prior EVI and SVS factor analyses can be embedded into the multidimensional-scaling solutions identified in the present investigation.
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(2016): Positive and Negative Ageism. In: Affilia 31 (2), S. 207-218. DOI: 10.1177/0886109915595839
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109915595839 Abstract: Addressing social injustice is an integral aspect to social work; however, the challenge lies in the fact that society is stratified by sociodemographic characteristics creating power and privilege for some and oppression for many. Understanding how biases that support this social structure are interrelated further elucidates the systemic nature of biases. This study examined the extent to which sexist beliefs would help explain ageism. Results indicated that benevolent sexism was associated with positive ageism, and hostile sexism helped explain negative ageism. These findings contribute to theory development on interlocking prejudices and inform pedagogical approaches that help address biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Culture and the regulation of entry. In: Journal of Comparative Economics 44 (4), S. 1055-1083. DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2016.09.007
Abstract: Does culture affect the manner in which a society regulates the entry of new firms? Our results suggest it does. We find more individualistic countries regulate entry more lightly. We investigate how culture matters presenting evidence of significant interactions between individualism and formal legal and political institutions. Individualism has a greater impact on entry regulation in societies with democratic political institutions or a common law tradition. This outcome is consistent with the idea that culture influences social preference for regulation, and political and legal institutions determine the degree to which those preferences are expressed as policy outcomes. zitiert von 9
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(2016): Which Basic Rules Underlie Social Judgments? Agency Follows a Zero-Sum Principle and Communion Follows a Non-Zero-Sum Principle. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 42 (5), S. 677-687. DOI: 10.1177/0146167216640902
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27029579 Abstract: How are people who generally see others positively evaluated themselves? We propose that the answer to this question crucially hinges on the content domain: We hypothesize that Agency follows a "zero-sum principle" and therefore people who see others ashighin Agency are perceived aslowin Agency themselves. In contrast, we hypothesize that Communion follows a "non-zero-sum principle" and therefore people who see others ashighin Communion are perceived ashighin Communion themselves. We tested these hypotheses in a round-robin and a half-block study. Perceiving others as agentic was indeed linked to being perceived as low in Agency. To the contrary, perceiving others as communal was linked to being perceived as high in Communion, but only when people directly interacted with each other. These results help to clarify the nature of Agency and Communion and offer explanations for divergent findings in the literature. zitiert von 6
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(2016): Status, Power, and Intergroup Relations. The Personal Is the Societal. In: Current Opinion in Psychology 11, S. 44-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.012
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27453923 Abstract: Hierarchies in the correlated forms of power (resources) and status (prestige) are constants that organize human societies. This article reviews relevant social psychological literature and identifies several converging results concerning power and status. Whether rank is chronically possessed or temporarily embodied, higher ranks create psychological distance from others, allow agency by the higher ranked, and exact deference from the lower ranked. Beliefs that status entails competence are essentially universal. Interpersonal interactions create warmth-competence compensatory tradeoffs. Along with societal structures (enduring inequality), these tradeoffs reinforce status-competence beliefs. Race, class, and gender further illustrate these dynamics. Although status systems are resilient, they can shift, and understanding those change processes is an important direction for future research, as global demographic changes disrupt existing hierarchies. zitiert von 25
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(2016) : Gender and the work-family domain: A social role-based perspective. In: Allen, Tammy D.: The Oxford handbook of work and family: Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, S. 53-67
Abstract: This chapter advances a social role perspective on gender and the work–family domain—defined to include work and family time investments and attitudes and the work–family intersection (e.g., work–family conflict). A traditional view of social roles suggests that (1) gender has a main effect on the work–family domain, such that men (women) tend to have more work-oriented (family-oriented) and less family-oriented (work-oriented) experiences than women (men) and (2) gender moderates the effect of the work–family domain on valued outcomes (e.g., career success, family satisfaction, health), such that men and women have more favorable outcomes when work–family experiences align with traditional gender roles. In contrast, a dynamic view of social roles suggests that gender has little relevance for understanding the work–family domain. A narrative review of recent research reveals that gender differences often fail to align with traditional gender-based social r oles, bu t also reflect some vestiges of traditional gender-based expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016) : Sozialisation und Gewalt. Von der Übertretung zum Verbrechen In: Ahrbeck, Bernd; Dörr, Margret; Göppel, Rolf; Krebs, Heinz; Wininger, Michael (Hg.): Innere und äußere Grenzen: Psychische Strukturbildung als pädagogische Aufgabe: Orig.-Ausg: Gießen: Psychosozial-Verl. (Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische Pädagogik), S. 74-87
Abstract: Bei dem Unterfangen, das Gewaltpotenzial zu handhaben, das Menschen und ihre Gesellschaften aufweisen, sich im Leben zu behaupten und erfolgreich zu sein und gleichzeitig Gesetze und Regeln anzuerkennen, die ein verträgliches Zusammenleben ermöglichen, ergeben sich zahlreiche Probleme. Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen wird gezeigt, wie Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Sozialisationsbedingungen an dieser Aufgabe scheitern und eine durch Gewalt gekennzeichnete kriminelle Entwicklung nehmen. Dabei wird dargestellt, wie das Individuelle und das Soziale, das Bewusste und das Unbewusste ineinandergreifen. Es wird betont, dass psychoanalytisch-sozialpsychologische Verstehensmöglichkeiten von Lebensgeschichten Raum für pädagogische und therapeutische Konzepte eines hilfreichen Umgangs mit diesen Menschen eröffnen.