Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018) : A Computational Framework for Integrating Task Planning and Norm Aware Reasoning for Social Robots: 2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): Nanjing, China: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 282-287
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2018.8525577 Abstract: Autonomous robots are envisioned to increasingly become part of our lives in the house, restaurants, hospitals and offices. Additionally, self-driving cars will be soon appearing in city streets and highways and they will have to interact with cars driven by humans as well as other self-driving cars. In these settings the robots not only need to efficiently perform their tasks but also be able to interact with humans in socially appropriate ways. To accomplish this, robots must be able to reason not only on how to perform their tasks, but also incorporate societal values, social norms and legal rules so they can gain human acceptability and trust. Moreover, interactions with these robots will be long term. Long-term human interaction with robots as well as robot combined reasoning about both tasks and social norms generate multiple modeling and computational challenges. In this paper, we address one of the most important of these challenges, namely what is an appropriate and scalable computational framework that enables simultaneous task and normative reasoning. In particular, we report on our work on a novel computational framework, Modular Normative Markov Decision Processes (MNMDP) that integrates reasoning for domain tasks and normative reasoning for long-term autonomy. The MNMDP framework applies normative reasoning considering only the norms that are activated in appropriate contexts, rather than considering the full set of norms, thus significantly reducing computational complexity. The model modularity is also advantageous for long-term human-robot interaction. We present computational experiments that show significant computational improvements as compared with a base Normative Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework that includes the full set of norms.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Autonomous automobiles, autonomous robots, Cognition, Computational complexity, Decision theory, human acceptability, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, inference mechanisms, knowledge based systems, long-term human interaction, Markov processes, MNMDP framework, Mobile robots, modular normative Markov decision processes, norm aware reasoning, normative Markov decision process framework, Normative reasoning, path planning, Planning, robot combined reasoning, self-driving cars, Social Norms, social robots, societal values, Task Analysis, task planning 2015
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(2015): Why not? On axiomatizing sociological action theory. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie (44.2), S. 83-98
Abstract: This contribution demonstrates that two different approaches to decision theory, i.e. the axiomatic theories of bounded rationality (Rubinstein 1998) and the new sociological theory of action, share the common goal of developing a decision theory that describes what actually happens inside the minds of decision makers. Additionally, it is argued that sociological action theory has need of such an axiomatic method. This is illustrated by providing a partial characterization of the model of frame selection developed by Esser (2001) and Kroneberg (2005), arguably the most influential model in action theory in German sociological discourse.
Keywords: Axiomatic Theory, Bounded Rationality, CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR, COOPERATION, Decision theory, DEFINITION, Disziplin, Entscheidungsforschung, ESSER,HARTMUT, FRAME-SELECTION, model, Procedural Decision Making, PURE THEORY, RATIONAL CHOICE, Scripts, SITUATION, Soziologie, Soziologisches Handlungsmodell von Hartmut Esser, VOLUNTEERS -
(2015) : A model of empathy to shape trolley problem moral judgements: 2015 International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII): Xian, China: IEEE, S. 112-118
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACII.2015.7344559 Abstract: Moral judgements are a complex phenomenon that have gained a renewed interest in the research community. Many have proposed explanations for moral judgements, including utilitarian accounts and the Principle of Double Effect. Some also advocate for the critical role of emotional processes like empathy. However, developing a computational model of moral judgements is rare perhaps due in part to the numerous influences on it. We present here a computational model of moral judgements based on moral expectation and the Principle of Double Effect. We then extend this model to provide a plausible explanation for the effect of empathy on these judgements. We evaluate these models using results from recent studies with human participants.
Keywords: Cognition, Complexity theory, computational model, Computational modeling, Decision Making, Decision theory, double effect principle, Empathy, empathy model, Ethics, ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik, moral expectation, Moral judgment, PSYCHOLOGY, shape trolley problem moral judgements, Trajectory, utility 2013
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(2013): What Would I Do?. Civilians' Ethical Decision Making in Response to Military Dilemmas. In: Ethics & Behavior 23 (3), S. 237-249. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2012.748634
Abstract: This research explored the ethical decision-making process of civilians in response to real-world military dilemmas. Results revealed the complexity of these dilemmas, with about equal proportions of civilians choosing each of two response options. The moral intensity dimension of social consensus significantly predicted moral judgment in both dilemmas, whereas that of magnitude of consequences did so in only one dilemma, partially supporting our hypothesis. Both dimensions were significant predictors of moral intent in both dilemmas as was moral judgment, also supporting our hypotheses. We conclude with suggestions for future research questions in this compelling area.
Keywords: Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), decision making, moral judgment, ethics, Decision theory, decision-making, Disziplin, Einfluss von sozialem Konsens / Anstand "Decorum", entscheiden, Ethics & Behaviour, Philosophie 2012
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(2012): Decision making and equilibria. In: Synthese 187 (1), S. 293-304. DOI: 10.1007/s11229-011-0029-z
Abstract: In economics and in the social sciences, the study of decision making of the single individual is an important preliminary step to provide a sound foundation for the analysis of equilibria in economic and social systems. Neuroeconomic analysis of the process has been a recent fruitful development in this direction. In the more recent past a new direction of research has emerged, studying the interplay of the decision making of the single individual with the economic and social environment that surrounds him. We review some of the results in this field, both theoretical and experimental, and suggest that a closer development of these two methods of research will be necessary in the future.
2010
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(2010): A mathematical model for the behavior of individuals in a social field. In: The Journal of Mathematical Sociology 19 (3), S. 189-219. DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.1994.9990143
Abstract: Related to an idea of Lewin, a mathematical model for behavioral changes under the influence of a social field is developed. The social field reflects public opinion, social norms and trends. It is not only given by external factors (the environment) but also by the interactions of individuals. Two important kinds of interaction processes are distinguished: Imitative and avoidance processes. Variations of individual behavior are taken into account by ''diffusion coefficients.''
Keywords: BEHAVIORAL MODEL, Decision theory, deutsche Community, DIFFUSION MODEL, Disziplin, Favoriten, FIELD THEORY, IMITATIVE AND AVOIDANCE PROCESSES, Mathematical models, Mathematisches Modell für das Verhalten von Individuen in einem sozialen Feld, PAIR INTERACTIONS, social field, social field and interaction, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziales Feld, Soziologie
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