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2017
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(2017): Why children follow rules: Legal socialization and the development of legitimacy.. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190644147.001.0001 Abstract: Legal scholars and social scientists studying the law recognize that a central issue in law is understanding why adults obey the law. Evidence suggests that law-related attitudes and values are central to motivating adult law-related behavior, and hence that it is important to understand how they develop during the process of legal socialization. Although this is true, legal scholarship has widely ignored the process of childhood and adolescent socialization. The lack of research on legal socialization is ironic in that by the time people become adults, their law-related attitudes and values are already well formed and they have often had formative personal experiences with legal authorities. This important development begins during childhood and adolescence as part of the overall process of socialization. Our goal in this volume is to encourage scholars to pay greater attention to the issue of legal socialization. We do this by identifying the fundamental processes assoc iated wi th such socialization. These are (1) the internalization of values about how legal authorities are supposed to act toward citizens and how people are supposed to behave toward authorities in their role as citizens; (2) the formation of attitudes about the tangible representations of the law, including courts, laws, police, judges, and other legal authorities; and (3) the development of the cognitive and biological capacity to reason and think about the appropriate role for the law as a social institution in society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 9
2016
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(2016): Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Sexism. Unter Mitarbeit von Julia C. Becker und Chris G.. Sibley. Second edition. Hove, UK: Psychology Press
Abstract: In this chapter, we first introduce the foundation of sexist beliefs: gender stereotypes. We then go on with presenting an overview of contemporary forms of sexism—with a strong focus on what are referred to in the research literature as 'benevolent sexist beliefs' (or the oft-employed acronym BS) and its negative consequences for women. Furthermore, we elaborate on sexism in romantic relationships in detail with a focus on the trade-off that it seems women may make in endorsing benevolent sexism in their romantic relationships and in broader social contexts (such as in the workplace). Finally, we outline direct and indirect consequences of sexism and introduce research on confronting and reducing sexism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2015
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(2015): When sexual threat cues shape attitudes toward immigrants. The role of insecurity and benevolent sexism. In: Frontiers in psychology 6. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01033
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26283985 Abstract: Drawing on psychological and political science research on individuals' sensitivity to threat cues, the present study examines reactions to political posters that depict male immigrants as a sexual danger. We expect anti-immigrant attitudes to be more strongly predicted by feelings of insecurity or representations of men and women as strong and fragile when individuals are exposed to sexual threat cues than when they are not. Results from two online experiments conducted in Switzerland and Germany largely confirmed these assumptions. Comparing two anti-immigrant posters (general and non-sexual threat vs. sexual threat), Experiment 1 (n = 142) showed that feelings of insecurity were related to an increased support for expelling immigrants from the host country in both cases. However, only in the sexual threat cues condition and among female participants, were perceptions of women as fragile-as measured with benevolent sexism items-related to support for expelling immigrants. Further distinguishing between different forms of violence threat cues, Experiment 2 (n = 181) showed that collective feelings of insecurity were most strongly related to support for expelling immigrants when a male immigrant was presented as a violent criminal. In contrast, benevolent sexist beliefs were related to anti-immigrant stances only when participants were exposed to a depiction of a male immigrant as a rapist. In both cases attitudes were polarized: on the one hand, representations of immigrants as criminals provoked reactance reactions-that is, more positive attitudes-among participants scoring low in insecurity feelings or benevolent sexism. On the other hand, those scoring high in these dimensions expressed slightly more negative attitudes. Overall, by applying social psychological concepts to the study of anti-immigrant political campaigning, the present study demonstrated that individuals are sensitive to specific threat cues in posters.
Keywords: ATTITUDES, Attribution, Cues, Gesellschaft, Immigration, Labeling, PREJUDICE, Rape, Sexism, Threat, Verhaltensforschung 2011
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(2011) : Medical Technology in Smart Homes: Exploring the User's Perspective on Privacy, Intimacy and Trust: IEEE 35th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference workshops (COMPSACW), 2011: 18 - 22 July 2011, Munich, Germany ; proceedings: 2011 IEEE 35th IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops (COMPSACW): Munich, Germany: 7/18/2011 - 7/22/2011. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Computer Society; IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC); Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference; IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference; Compsacw; IEEE International Workshop on Software Cybernetics (IWSC); IEEE International Workshop on Open NGN and IMS Testbeds (ONIT); IEEE International Workshop on Security, Trust, and Privacy for Software Applications (STPSA); IEEE International Workshop on Software Test Automation (STA); IEEE International Workshop on Component-Based Design of Resource-Constrained Systems (CORCS); IEEE International Workshop on Industrial Experience in Embedded System Design (IEESD); IEEE International Workshop on Applied Cloud Computing (CloudApp); IEEE International Workshop on Quality Oriented Reuse of Software (QUORS); IEEE International Workshop on Computer Forensics in Software Engineering (CFSE); IEEE International Workshop on Engineering Semantic Agent Systems (ESAS); IEEE International Workshop on Security Aspects of Process and Services Engineering (SAPSE); IEEE International Workshop on Service Science and Systems (SSS); IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Services (REFS); IEEE International Workshop on Program Debugging (IWPD): Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 410-415
Abstract: This paper reports on a study exploring the attitudes of users towards video-based monitoring systems for long-term care of elderly or disabled people in smart home environments. The focus of the study was on investigating the willingness of users to accept medical technology in their homes and the specific conditions under which continuous monitoring would be acceptable. Using the questionnaire method, a total of 165 users (17-95 years) were examined regarding privacy, intimacy and trust issues for medical technology in homes. The results highlight trust and privacy as central requirements, especially when implemented within private spaces. The reported concerns were mostly insensitive to gender and age. Overall, it was revealed that acceptance issues and users' needs and wants should be seriously considered in order to successfully design new medical technologies.
2009
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(2009): Will the Real Moral Judgment Please Stand Up?. In: Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 12 (1), S. 77-96. DOI: 10.1007/s10677-008-9136-4
Abstract: The recent, influential Social Intuitionist Model of moral judgment (Haidt, Psychological Review 108, 814-834, 2001) proposes a primary role for fast, automatic and affectively charged moral intuitions in the formation of moral judgments. Haidt's research challenges our normative conception of ourselves as agents capable of grasping and responding to reasons. We argue that there can be no 'real' moral judgments in the absence of a capacity for reflective shaping and endorsement of moral judgments. However, we suggest that the empirical literature indicates a complex interplay between automatic and deliberative mental processes in moral judgment formation, with the latter constraining the expression and influence of moral intuitions. We therefore conclude that the psychological literature supports a normative conception of agency.
Keywords: ASPERGER-SYNDROME, ATTITUDES, Automatic processing, AUTOMATICITY, BEHAVIOR, Empathy, Ethik, IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, Meta-ethics, Moral, Moral agency, Moral intuitions, Moral judgment, Moralphilosophie, Motivation, PREJUDICE, Psychologie, Reason-responding, Reason-tracking, STEREOTYPE ACTIVATION 2006
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(2006): "Tu" or "Vous?" A European qualitative study of dignity and communication with older people in health and social care settings. In: Patient education and counseling 61 (3), S. 363-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.04.014
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15970421 Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine the experiences of communication between older people and health and social care providers in six European countries. METHODS Focus groups were carried out with groups of older people (91 focus groups, 391 participants), and health and social care professionals (85 focus groups, 424 participants), in order to gain insights into concepts of good communications. Data collection and analysis continued concurrently according to the method of constant comparison. RESULTS Different styles of communication between professionals and older people were found to be capable of enhancing or jeopardising dignity. The use of appropriate forms of address, listening, giving people choice, including them, respecting their need for privacy and politeness, and making them feel valued emerged as significant ways to maintain older peoples' sense of self-worth and dignity. Despite being aware of good communication practices, health and social care professionals often failed to implement them. Lack of time, staff, resource scarcity, regulation and bureaucracy were cited as barriers, as was a lack of awareness and effort. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The findings have important implications for health and social care professionals when they engage with older people.
Keywords: 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Health, ATTITUDES, Choice Behavior, Communication, Confidentiality, Europe, Female, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Morals, Personal Autonomy, practice, Professional-Patient Relations, PSYCHOLOGY, Qualitative research, Self Efficacy, Semantics, Social Values, time, Videotape Recording 1994
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(1994): A robust continuous model for evidential reasoning. In: Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 10 (2), S. 147-171. DOI: 10.1007/BF01258226
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01258226 Abstract: Proposes a 2-D model for evidential reasoning in which the belief function of evidence is represented as a belief density function that can be in a continuous or discrete form. The theory of the model is applied to establish a procedure for handling belief conjunction, belief combination, belief propagation procedures, and AND/OR operations. Examples are provided showing the advantages of this model over conventional methods. It is concluded that this method is intuitively closer to the human reasoning process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
1991
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(1991) : Identifizieren von Regeln und Regelverletzungen In: Jüttemann, Gerd: Individuelle und soziale Regeln des Handelns: Beiträge zur Weiterentwicklung geisteswissenschaftlicher Ansätze in der Psychologie: Heidelberg: Asanger, S. 287-291
Abstract: Ausgehend von der Vorstellung, dass menschliches Verhalten von Regeln geprägt wird, die eine Operationalisierung grundlegender Werthaltungen und Einstellungen sind, werden Ansatzpunkte zur Identifizierung solcher Regeln erarbeitet. Als zentral werden dabei Unmutshaltungen angesehen, die eine Verletzung jener Maßstäbe anzeigen, mit denen der Betroffene sein Leben strukturiert. Zur Identifizierung von Regeln und Regelverletzungen werden sprachwissenschaftliche und psychologisch-biographische Analysen herangezogen. Dies wird anhand von Interviews zur Untersuchung der Psychosomatik des Kontaktekzems veranschaulicht.
1981
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Herkner, Werner (1981): Experimente in der Sozialpsychologie. Mannheim, Germany: Huber
Abstract: In einer Zusammenstellung wichtiger und häufig zitierter Originalarbeiten wird ein Überblick über Methoden und theoretische Ansätze in den wesentlichen Teilgebieten der Sozialpsychologie gegeben. - Aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: (1) A. Bandura: Verstärkerbedingungen des Modells und deren Auswirkungen auf das Lernen imitativer Verhaltensweisen. (2) W. Mischel und C. J. Patterson: Inhaltliche und strukturelle Elemente wirksamer Pläne zur Selbstkontrolle. (3) B. Weiner, H. Heckhausen, W.-U. Meyer und R. E. Cook: Kausalattribution und Leistungsverhalten. Neue theoretische Analysen von Anstrengung und Ort der Kontrolle. (4) H. Tennen und S. Eller: Attributionskomponenten der gelernten Hilflosigkeit und Bewältigungsstreben. (5) J. P. Kerpelman und S. Himmelfarb: Auswirkungen intermittierender Verstärkung bei Entstehung von Einstellungen und Gegenkonditionierung. (6) R. H. Weigel und L. S. Newman: Erzielung höherer Übereinstimmung zwischen Einstellung und Verhalten durch Messung eines größeren Verhaltensbereiches. (7) M. L. Snyder und R. A. Wicklund: Vorhergehende Freiheitsausübung und Reaktanz. (8) E. Burnstein: Kognitive Verzerrungen bei der Repräsentation einfacher sozialer Strukturen: Balance, Ökonomie, Positivität, Reziprozität und persönliche Einstellung der Befragten. (9) R. S. Wyer, jr.: Quantitative Vorhersage von Meinungsänderungen. Ein weiterer Test eines Modells mit subjektiven Wahrscheinlichkeiten. (10) G. Hochgürtel, D. Frey und J. Götz: Die Attraktivität von Aufgaben in Abhängigkeit von der Belohnungshöhe und dem Zeitpunkt der Bekanntgabe der Belohnung. (11) E. E. Jones, S. Worchel, G. R. Goethals und J. F. Grumet: A priori-Erwartung und Extremheit des Verhaltens als Determinanten der Einstellungsattribution. (12) D. Byrne und R. Rhamey: Größe positiver und negativer Verstärker als Determinanten von Sympathie. (13) T. R. Tyler und D. O. Sears: Wie einem unsympathische Leute sympathisch werden, wenn man mit ihnen auskommen muss. (14) R. H. Fazio, M. P. Zanna und J. Cooper: Dissonanz und Selbstwahrnehmung: Versuch einer Integration unter Berücksichtigung des spezifischen Anwendungsbereiches einer jeden Theorie. (15) I. Ajzen und M. Fishbein: Verhaltensvorhersage aufgrund von Einstellungs- und normativen Variablen. (16) S. Worchel, S. E. Arnold und W. Harrison: Aggression und Wiederherstellung von Macht: Die Auswirkungen der Identifizierbarkeit und des Zeitfaktors auf aggressives Verhalten. (17) W. Austin und E. Walster: Reaktionen der Beteiligten auf allgemeine Gerechtigkeit. (18) E. E. Sampson und C. A. Insko: Kognitive Konsistenz und Verhalten im autokinetischen Versuch. (19) S. Moscovici, E. Lage und M. Naffrechoux: Einfluss einer konsistenten Minorität auf das Verhalten einer Majorität bei einer Farbenwahrnehmungsaufgabe. (20) A. Bavelas, A. H. Hastorf, A. E. Groß und W. R. Kite: Experimente zur Veränderung von Gruppenstrukturen. (21) D. G. Myers, P. J. Bach und F. B. Schreiber: Normative und informationsbedingte Effekte von Gruppeninteraktionen.
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