Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Do a robot's social skills and its objection discourage interactants from switching the robot off?. In: PLoS one 13 (7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201581
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30063750 Abstract: Building on the notion that people respond to media as if they were real, switching off a robot which exhibits lifelike behavior implies an interesting situation. In an experimental lab study with a 2x2 between-subjects-design (N = 85), people were given the choice to switch off a robot with which they had just interacted. The style of the interaction was either social (mimicking human behavior) or functional (displaying machinelike behavior). Additionally, the robot either voiced an objection against being switched off or it remained silent. Results show that participants rather let the robot stay switched on when the robot objected. After the functional interaction, people evaluated the robot as less likeable, which in turn led to a reduced stress experience after the switching off situation. Furthermore, individuals hesitated longest when they had experienced a functional interaction in combination with an objecting robot. This unexpected result might be due to the fact that the impression people had formed based on the task-focused behavior of the robot conflicted with the emotional nature of the objection.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Artificial intelligence, Attitude, Biomimetic Materials, Electrical Equipment and Supplies, Emotions/physiology, Female, Fortschritt, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Motivation, Object Attachment, Robotics/instrumentation, Social Skills, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult -
(2018) : Studying Effects of Incorporating Automated Affect Perception with Spoken Dialog in Social Robots In: Cabibihan, John-Joh: IEEE RO-MAN 2018: The 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: 2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): Nanjing: 8/27/2018 - 8/31/2018. Ro-Man; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; IEEE Ro-Man; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 783-789
Abstract: Social robots are becoming an integrated part of our daily lives with the goal of understanding humans' social intentions and feelings, a capability which is often referred to as empathy. Despite significant progress towards the development of empathic social agents, current social robots have yet to reach the full emotional and social capabilities. This paper presents our recent effort on incorporating an automated Facial Expression Recognition (FER) system based on deep neural networks into the spoken dialog of a social robot (Ryan) to extend and enrich its capabilities beyond spoken dialog and integrate the user's affect state into the robot's responses. In order to evaluate whether this incorporation can improve social capabilities of Ryan, we conducted a series of Human-Robot-Interaction (HRI) experiments. In these experiments the subjects watched some videos and Ryan engaged them in a conversation driven by user's facial expressions perceived by the robot. We measured the accuracy of the automated FER system on the robot when interacting with different human subjects as well as three social/interactive aspects, namely task engagement, empathy, and likability of the robot. The results of our HRI study indicate that the subjects rated empathy and likability of the affect-aware Ryan significantly higher than non-empathic (the control condition) Ryan. Interestingly, we found that the accuracy of the FER system is not a limiting factor, as subjects rated the affect-aware agent equipped with a low accuracy FER system as empathic and likable as when facial expression was recognized by a human observer.
2017
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(2017) : Handshakiness: Benchmarking for human-robot hand interactions: IROS Vancouver 2017: IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems : Vancouver, BC, Canada, September 24 - 28, 2017: 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): Vancouver, BC: 9/24/2017 - 9/28/2017: [Piscataway, New Jersey]: IEEE, S. 4982-4989
Abstract: Handshakes are common greetings, and humans therefore have strong priors of what a handshake should feel like. This makes it challenging to create compelling and realistic human-robot handshakes, necessitating the consideration of human haptic perception in the design of robot hands. At its most basic level, haptic perception is encoded by contact points and contact pressure distributions on the skin. This motivates our work on measuring the contact area and contact pressure in human handshaking interactions. We present two benchmarking experiments in this regard, measuring the contact locations in human-human/human-robot handshaking and the contact pressure distribution for handshakes with a sensorized palm. We present results from human studies with the benchmarking experiments, providing a baseline for comparison with robot hands as well as presenting new insights into human handshaking. We also show initial work in using these results for the evaluation of robot hands, and progressing towards iterative design of robot hands optimized for social hand interactions.
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(2017) : Robots educate in style: The effect of context and non-verbal behaviour on children's perceptions of warmth and competence In: IEEE Ro-Man: Human-robot collaboration and human assistance for an improved quality of life: IEEE RO-MAN 2017 : 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Ineractive Communication : August 28-September 1, 2017, Lisbon, Portugal: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 449-455
Abstract: Social robots are entering the private and public domain where they engage in social interactions with nontechnical users. This requires robots to be socially interactive and intelligent, including the ability to display appropriate social behaviour. Progress has been made in emotion modelling. However, research into behaviour style is less thorough; no comprehensive, validated model exists of non-verbal behaviours to express style in human-robot interactions. Based on a literature survey, we created a model of non-verbal behaviour to express high/low warmth and competence - two dimensions that contribute to teaching style. In a perception study, we evaluated this model applied to a NAO robot giving a lecture at primary schools and a diabetes camp in the Netherlands. For this, we developed, based on expert ratings, an instrument measuring perceived warmth, competence, dominance and affiliation. We show that even subtle manipulations of robot behaviour influence children's perceptions of the robot's level of warmth and competence.
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(2017): Robots As Intentional Agents: Using Neuroscientific Methods to Make Robots Appear More Social. In: Frontiers in psychology 8. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01663
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29046651 Abstract: Robots are increasingly envisaged as our future cohabitants. However, while considerable progress has been made in recent years in terms of their technological realization, the ability of robots to interact with humans in an intuitive and social way is still quite limited. An important challenge for social robotics is to determine how to design robots that can perceive the user's needs, feelings, and intentions, and adapt to users over a broad range of cognitive abilities. It is conceivable that if robots were able to adequately demonstrate these skills, humans would eventually accept them as social companions. We argue that the best way to achieve this is using a systematic experimental approach based on behavioral and physiological neuroscience methods such as motion/eye-tracking, electroencephalography, or functional near-infrared spectroscopy embedded in interactive human-robot paradigms. This approach requires understanding how humans interact with each other, how they perform tasks together and how they develop feelings of social connection over time, and using these insights to formulate design principles that make social robots attuned to the workings of the human brain. In this review, we put forward the argument that the likelihood of artificial agents being perceived as social companions can be increased by designing them in a way that they are perceived as intentional agents that activate areas in the human brain involved in social-cognitive processing. We first review literature related to social-cognitive processes and mechanisms involved in human-human interactions, and highlight the importance of perceiving others as intentional agents to activate these social brain areas. We then discuss how attribution of intentionality can positively affect human-robot interaction by (a) fostering feelings of social connection, empathy and prosociality, and by (b) enhancing performance on joint human-robot tasks. Lastly, we describe circumstances under which attribution of intentionality to robot agents might be disadvantageous, and discuss challenges associated with designing social robots that are inspired by neuroscientific principles.
Keywords: Fortschritt, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion 2012
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(2012) : Towards a computational method of scaling a robot's behavior via proxemics In: Yanco, Holly: Proceedings of the seventh annual ACMIEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction: the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference: Boston, Massachusetts, USA: 3/5/2012 - 3/8/2012. ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction; ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence: New York, NY: ACM
2008
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(2008): Effects of Time Lag of Utterances to Communicative Actions on Embodied Interaction With Robot and CG Character. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 24 (1), S. 87-107. DOI: 10.1080/10447310701771506
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10447310701771506 Abstract: The timing involved in generating communicative actions and utterances in a face-to-face greeting interaction for application in robot-human and computer-generated (CG) character-human interaction support systems is analyzed by synthesis. First, an analysis of human greeting clarifies the average pause and the average time delay in the utterance to a communicative action. Then, a synthesis-based analysis is performed by using an embodied robot system. This analysis confirms that the variation in the pause and the lag in the utterance to communicative actions produce different communicative effects, for example, a lag of about 0.3 sec is desirable for a familiar greeting and a longer lag is appropriate for a polite greeting. In addition, the synthesis-based analysis performed on a CG character system confirms the timing control effects. These results demonstrate the importance of timing control in embodied interactions as well as the applicability of such interactions in advanced communications with robots and CG characters. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Fortschritt, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion 2002
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(2002) : Challenges in building robots that imitate people. In: Dautenhahn, Kerstin; Nehaniv, Chrystopher L. (Hg.): Imitation in animals and artifacts: Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press ("A Bradford book."), S. 363-390
Abstract: n this chapter, we outline four hard problems in building robots that imitate people and discuss how the social cues that humans naturally and intuitively provide could be used by a robot to solve these difficult problems. By attempting to build systems that imitate, we are forced to address issues that are not currently discussed in developmental psychology, animal behavior, or other research domains. However, we believe that these issues must be addressed by any creature or artifact that learns through imitation, and the study of these issues will yield greater insight into natural systems. We will present our progress toward implementing a set of critical social skills on two anthropomorphic robots, and discuss initial experiments that use these skills to benefit the imitative learning process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Fortschritt, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion
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