Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Examining overlap in behavioral and neural representations of morals, facts, and preferences. In: Journal of experimental psychology. General 146 (11), S. 1586-1605. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000350
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28805441 Abstract: Metaethical judgments refer to judgments about the information expressed by moral claims. Moral objectivists generally believe that moral claims are akin to facts, whereas moral subjectivists generally believe that moral claims are more akin to preferences. Evidence from developmental and social psychology has generally favored an objectivist view; however, this work has typically relied on few examples, and analyses have disallowed statistical generalizations beyond these few stimuli. The present work addresses whether morals are represented as fact-like or preference-like, using behavioral and neuroimaging methods, in combination with statistical techniques that can (a) generalize beyond our sample stimuli, and (b) test whether particular item features are associated with neural activity. Behaviorally, and contrary to prior work, morals were perceived as more preference-like than fact-like. Neurally, morals and preferences elicited common magnitudes and spatial patterns of activity, particularly within the dorsal-medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), a critical region for social cognition. This common DMPFC activity for morals and preferences was present across whole-brain conjunctions, and in individually localized functional regions of interest (targeting the theory of mind network). By contrast, morals and facts did not elicit any neural activity in common. Follow-up item analyses suggested that the activity elicited in common by morals and preferences was explained by their shared tendency to evoke representations of mental states. We conclude that morals are represented as far more subjective than prior work has suggested. This conclusion is consistent with recent theoretical research, which has argued that morality is fundamentally about regulating social relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record zitiert von: 2
2015
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(2015): Fairness - A multidimensional approach. Kumulative Dissertation. Universität Bonn, Bonn. Online verfügbar unter http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/2015/4168/4168.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 01.03.2018
Abstract: In this cumulative dissertation - in addition to an overview about psychological and economic theories on fair behavior - four contributions are presented investigating fairness with different neuroscientific methods and using different paradigms. - (1) Strang, S., Gross, J., Schuhmann, T., Riedl, A., Weber, B., & Sack, A. (2014). Be nice if you have to - The neurobiological roots of strategic fairness. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu114 Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen. (2) Strang, S., Utikal, V., Fischbacher, U., Weber, B., & Falk, A. (2014). Neural correlates of receiving an apology and active forgiveness: An fMRI study. PLoS One, e87654. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087654 Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen. (3) Hu, Y., Strang, S., & Weber, B. (2015). Helping of punishing strangers: Neural correlates of altruistic decisions as third-party and of its relation to empathic concern. Frontiers of Behavioral Neuroscience, 9:24. DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00024 Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen. (4) Strang, S., Grote, X., Kuss, K., Park, S. Q., & Weber, B. (2015, in preparation). Generalized negative reciprocity - How to interrupt the chain of unfairness.
2013
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(2013): Why are you looking like that? How the context influences evaluation and processing of human faces. In: Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 8 (4), S. 438-445. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss013
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22287265 Abstract: Perception and evaluation of facial expressions are known to be heavily modulated by emotional features of contextual information. Such contextual effects, however, might also be driven by non-emotional aspects of contextual information, an interaction of emotional and non-emotional factors, and by the observers' inherent traits. Therefore, we sought to assess whether contextual information about self-reference in addition to information about valence influences the evaluation and neural processing of neutral faces. Furthermore, we investigated whether social anxiety moderates these effects. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants viewed neutral facial expressions preceded by a contextual sentence conveying either positive or negative evaluations about the participant or about somebody else. Contextual influences were reflected in rating and fMRI measures, with strong effects of self-reference on brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and right fusiform gyrus. Additionally, social anxiety strongly affected the response to faces conveying negative, self-related evaluations as revealed by the participants' rating patterns and brain activity in cortical midline structures and regions of interest in the left and right middle frontal gyrus. These results suggest that face perception and processing are highly individual processes influenced by emotional and non-emotional aspects of contextual information and further modulated by individual personality traits. zitiert von 56
Keywords: Affective Valence, Amygdala, Brain Mapping, Brain/physiology, Cerebral Blood Flow, Context, Emotions/physiology, Face Perception, Face/physiology, Facial Expression, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, Female, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fusiform Gyrus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Male, Neuroanatomy, Neurowissenschaften, Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology, Perception/physiology, Personality Traits, Photic Stimulation/methods, Self Reference, social anxiety 2009
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(2009): Decision-related loss: Regret and disappointment.. In: NEUROIMAGE 47 (4), S. 2031-2040, zuletzt geprüft am 07.07.2018
Abstract: Both affective neuroscience and decision science focus on the role of emotions in decisions. Regret and disappointment are emotions experienced with negative decision outcomes. The present research examines the neural substrates of regret and disappointment as well as the role of regret and disappointment in decision making. Experiment 1 compared the subjective experience of regret and disappointment. Participants selected one of two gambles and received different types of feedback during the outcome phase. Despite identical nominal losses, regret induced a more intense dislike of the outcomes and a stronger desire to switch choices than disappointment. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, Experiment 2 examined the neural correlates of regret and disappointment. Both regret and disappointment activated anterior insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex relative to fixation, with greater activation in regret than in disappointment. In contrast to disappointment, reg ret also showed enhanced activation in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest that regret and disappointment, emotions experienced during decision-related loss, share a general neural network but differ in both the magnitude of subjective feelings and with regret activating some regions with greater intensity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 109
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