poliTE-Literatur-Datenbank

Yomogida, Yukihito; Matsumoto, Madoka; Aoki, Ryuta; Sugiura, Ayaka; Phillips, Adam N.; Matsumoto, Kenji (2017): The Neural Basis of Changing Social Norms through Persuasion. In: Scientific reports 7 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16572-2

DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29176682

Abstract: Social norms regulate behavior, and changes in norms have a great impact on society. In most modern societies, norms change through interpersonal communication and persuasive messages found in media. Here, we examined the neural basis of persuasion-induced changes in attitude toward and away from norms using fMRI. We measured brain activity while human participants were exposed to persuasive messages directed toward specific norms. Persuasion directed toward social norms specifically activated a set of brain regions including temporal poles, temporo-parietal junction, and medial prefrontal cortex. Beyond these regions, when successful, persuasion away from an accepted norm specifically recruited the left middle temporal and supramarginal gyri. Furthermore, in combination with data from a separate attitude-rating task, we found that left supramarginal gyrus activity represented participant attitude toward norms and tracked the persuasion-induced attitude changes that were away from agreement.

Keywords: Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Disziplin, Einfluss von Medien, Good manners, Neurowissenschaften, Normen, Normenwandel, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Postkasten, Psychologie, Soziale Angemessenheit, Wandel von Normen

Yu, Tongkui; Chen, Shu-Heng; Li, Honggang (2016): Social norms, costly punishment and the evolution of cooperation. In: Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination 11 (2), S. 313-343. DOI: 10.1007/s11403-015-0146-8

Abstract: Both laboratory and field evidence suggest that people tend to voluntarily incur costs to punish non-cooperators. While costly punishment typically reduces the average payoff as well as promotes cooperation. Why does the costly punishment evolve? We study the role of punishment in cooperation promotion within a two-level evolution framework of individual strategies and social norms. In a population with certain social norm, players update their strategies according to the payoff differences among different strategies. In a longer horizon, the evolution of social norm may be driven by the average payoffs of of all members of the society. Norms differ in whether they allow or do not allow for the punishment action as part of strategies, and, for the former, they further differ in whether they encourage or do not encourage the punishment action. The strategy dynamics are articulated under different social norms. It is found that costly punishment does contribute to the evolution toward cooperation. Not only does the attraction basin of cooperative evolutionary stable state (CESS) become larger, but also the convergence speed to CESS is faster. These two properties are further enhanced if the punishment action is encouraged by the social norm. This model can be used to explain the widespread existence of costly punishment in human society.

Keywords: Bestrafung, Disziplin, economics, Favoriten, Genese von Normen, Good manners, Kooperation, Modelle/Theorien, Natur & Genese von Normen, Normen, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Ökonomische Theorie sozialer Normen, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Normen, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten, Wandel von Normen

Aoun, Salah G. (2012): Electronic Mail Communication in Health Care. Do Old Fashioned Decorum and Style Still Matter?. In: WORLD NEUROSURGERY 78 (3-4), S. 194-197

Abstract: Electronic mail (e-mail) has dramatically altered human communication and has had a profound impact on how health care professionals interact. Until recently, written letters were integral to patient-physician and physician-physicianrelationships(4).The“art”and rules of writing professional letters were once rigorously taught at almost all levels of education

Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, decorum, doppelter Treffer, Email, Höflichkeit, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Interaktion, Kommunikation, Medizin, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Realtechnik, Rolle (Beruf), Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik, Umgangsformen, Wandel von Normen

Meisel, Joseph S. (2009): Humour and Insult in the House of Commons. The Case of Palmerston and Disraeli. In: PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY 28 (2), S. 228-245

Abstract: Formal prohibitions on ‘personalities’ notwithstanding, a constant of parliamentary life is that members regularly insult one another. Within the conventions of 19th-century public decorum, humour served as an effective means for some politicians to deliver personal insults to their opponents.This article examines the nature of the personal attacks made by Disraeli and Palmerston on each other between 1837 and 1865, and describes how their styles of humorous insult were different but equally effective. Analysis of their political contest sheds new light on the careers of the two men, while also providing the basis for broader considerations about the changing nature and functions of humour in political discourse from the 18th to the 20th centuries.

Keywords: Beispiel, beleidigen, Beleidigung, decorum, fluchen, Geschichte, humor, Politik, Sprache, Wandel von Normen