Alle Publikationen
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2014
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(2014): The role of selective attention and action selection in the development of multiple action capabilities. In: Connection Science 26 (4), S. 389-402. DOI: 10.1080/09540091.2014.942597
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2014.942597 Abstract: In this paper we illustrate how the capacity to select the most appropriate actions when handling contexts affording multiple conflicting actions can be solved either through a selective attention strategy (in which the stimuli affording alternative actions are filtered out at the perceptual level through top-down regulation) or at later processing stages through an action selection strategy (through the suppression of the premotor information eliciting alternative actions). By carrying out a series of experiments in which a neuro-robot develops an ability to choose between conflicting actions, we were able to identify the conditions that lead to the development of solutions based on one strategy or another. Overall, the results indicate that the selective attention strategy constitutes the most simple and straightforward mechanism enabling the acquisition of such capacities. Moreover, the characteristics of the adaptive/learning process influence whether the adaptive robot converges towards a selective attention and/or action selection strategy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2005
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(2005): Cognitive and affective experiences of minority and majority members. The role of group size, status, and power. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 41 (4), S. 396-413. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2004.08.006
Abstract: Investigated the cognitive and affective experiences of members of minorities and majorities. Cognitive preoccupation with one's group membership and affective reactions are assumed to influence collective identification. Study 1 assigned subjects (n=61 college students, mean age 24 years) to a numerical majority or minority and measured cognitive preoccupation, emotional state, and collective identification with their ingroup. Minority members were more preoccupied with their group membership, experienced less positive affect, and identified more strongly with their ingroup. Study 2 (n=82, mean age 28 years) replicated these results irrespective of the group's relative status. Study 3 (n=102, mean age 23 years) showed that these findings only applied to groups with low power. However, collective identification was also increased in majorities with high power. The results were replicated in a field study involving a total of 194 college students (mean age 25 years) that categorized themselves as belonging to a majority or minority in one of seven social dimensions. The conceptual distinction of status and power and their interrelation in social groups is discussed, and implications for minority research are outlined. zitiert von 67
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