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  • 2017

  • Shirado, Hirokazu; Christakis, Nicholas A. (2017): Locally noisy autonomous agents improve global human coordination in network experiments. In: Nature 545 (7654), S. 370-374. DOI: 10.1038/nature22332

    DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5912653 

    Abstract: Coordination in groups faces a sub-optimization problem and theory suggests that some randomness may help to achieve global optima. Here we performed experiments involving a networked colour coordination game in which groups of humans interacted with autonomous software agents (known as bots). Subjects (n = 4,000) were embedded in networks (n = 230) of 20 nodes, to which we sometimes added 3 bots. The bots were programmed with varying levels of behavioural randomness and different geodesic locations. We show that bots acting with small levels of random noise and placed in central locations meaningfully improve the collective performance of human groups, accelerating the median solution time by 55.6%. This is especially the case when the coordination problem is hard. Behavioural randomness worked not only by making the task of humans to whom the bots were connected easier, but also by affecting the gameplay of the humans among themselves and hence creating further cascades of benefit in global coordination in these heterogeneous systems.

    Keywords: Color, Cooperative Behavior, Decision Making, Games, Experimental, Goals, Group Processes, Humans, Random Allocation, Software, Survival Analysis, Time Factors

  • 2011

  • Häring, M.; Bee, N.; André, E. (2011) : Creation and Evaluation of emotion expression with body movement, sound and eye color for humanoid robots: 2011 RO-MAN: 2011 RO-MAN: Georgia, USA: IEEE, S. 204-209

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2011.6005263 

    Abstract: The ability to display emotions is a key feature in human communication and also for robots that are expected to interact with humans in social environments. For expressions based on Body Movement and other signals than facial expressions, like Sound, no common grounds have been established so far. Based on psychological research on human expression of emotions and perception of emotional stimuli we created eight different expressional designs for the emotions Anger, Sadness, Fear and Joy, consisting of Body Movements, Sounds and Eye Colors. In a large pre-test we evaluated the recognition ratios for the different expressional designs. In our main experiment we separated the expressional designs into their single cues (Body Movement, Sound, Eye Color) and evaluated their expressivity. The detailed view at the perception of our expressional cues, allowed us to evaluate the appropriateness of the stimuli, check our implementations for flaws and build a basis for systematical revision. Our analysis revealed that almost all Body Movements were appropriate for their target emotion and that some of our Sounds need a revision. Eye Colors could be identified as an unreliable component for emotional expression.

    Keywords: Analysis of Variance, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), anger emotion, Body Movement, Color, emotion expression, eye color, fear emotion, human communication, Humanoid Robots, Humans, ieee xplore, Image color analysis, joy emotion, Manipulators, Mobile robots, Particle measurements, sadness emotion
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