Alle Publikationen
2016
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(2016): Children’s Developing Understanding of the Conventionality of Rules. In: Journal of Cognition and Development 18 (2), S. 163-188. DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2016.1255624
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2016.1255624 Abstract: Much research has investigated how children relate to norms taught to them by adult authorities. Very few studies have investigated norms that arise out of children’s own peer interactions. In two studies, we investigated how 5- and 7-year-old children teach, enforce, and understand rules that they either created themselves or were taught by an adult. Children (N = 240) were asked to either invent game rules on their own or were taught these exact same rules by an adult (yoked design). Children of both ages enforced and transmitted the rules in a normative way, regardless of whether they had invented them or were taught the rules by an adult, suggesting that they viewed even their own self-made rules as normatively binding. However, creating the rules led 5-year-old children to understand them as much more changeable as compared with adult-taught rules. Seven-year-olds, in contrast, regarded both kinds of rules as equally changeable, indeed allowing fewer changes to the ir self- created rules than 5-year-olds. While the process of creating rules seemed to enlighten preschoolers’ understanding of the conventionality of the rules, school-aged children regarded both self-created rules and adult-taught rules in a similar manner, suggesting a deeper understanding of rule normativity as arising from social agreement and commitment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 2
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(2016): Being Politically Impolite. Extending Politeness Theory to Adversarial Political Discourse. In: Discourse & Society 12 (4), S. 451-472. DOI: 10.1177/0957926501012004003
Abstract: This article attempts to extend politeness theory beyond informal situations to adversarial political discourse, using Prime Minister's Question Time in the British Parliament as data. Viewing the House of Commons as a 'community of practice' (Lave and Wenger, 1991) provides a way of exploring concepts of politeness and impoliteness against a set of member expectations. The article argues three main propositions: (1) that much of the discourse of Prime Minister's Question Time is composed of intentional and explicitly face-threatening (or face-enhancing) acts and that these can be analysed in terms of both propositional and interactional levels: (2) that negative politeness features co-exist with the performance of intentional threats to the hearer's positive face and that these can only be understood and interpreted in relationship to Parliament as an Institution and the wider political context; and (3) that systematic impoliteness is not only sanctioned but rewarded in accordance with the expectations of Members of the House by an adversarial and confrontational political process.
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(2016): Enhancing the wellbeing of the elderly: Social use of digital technologies in aged care. In: Educational Gerontology 42 (11), S. 749-757. DOI: 10.1080/03601277.2016.1205425
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2016.1205425 Abstract: As developed countries struggle to find suitable living arrangements for their ageing populations, many elderly citizens are becoming increasingly marginalized and isolated. In similar circumstances, younger people would use digital technologies to stay occupied and connected, but few elderly citizens have this capability. Our research investigates the ways that the social wellbeing of elderly citizens, wherever they reside, can be enhanced by their use of information and communications technologies (ICT), particularly digital technologies. A 2-year action research study of the social use of ICT by residents in aged-care facilities was conducted in order to determine how developing digital capabilities could enhance their wellbeing. Research interventions included the establishment of computer kiosks in aged-care facilities and weekly classes for developing ICT skills. As their digital capability improved, many of the elderly residents were observed to engage in meaningful computer-based activities of their own choosing. A set of themes among these activities was identified: connection, self-worth/esteem and personal development, productivity, occupation, self-sufficiency, being in control, and enjoyment. Our results are consistent with recently reported domains of social wellbeing among recipients of community-based aged-care services: (a) social participation and involvement, (b) occupation, (c) control over daily life and (d) dignity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Mirroring and beyond: coupled dynamics as a generalized framework for modelling social interactions. In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 371 (1693). DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0366
DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843605 Abstract: When people observe one another, behavioural alignment can be detected at many levels, from the physical to the mental. Likewise, when people process the same highly complex stimulus sequences, such as films and stories, alignment is detected in the elicited brain activity. In early sensory areas, shared neural patterns are coupled to the low-level properties of the stimulus (shape, motion, volume, etc.), while in high-order brain areas, shared neural patterns are coupled to high-levels aspects of the stimulus, such as meaning. Successful social interactions require such alignments (both behavioural and neural), as communication cannot occur without shared understanding. However, we need to go beyond simple, symmetric (mirror) alignment once we start interacting. Interactions are dynamic processes, which involve continuous mutual adaptation, development of complementary behaviour and division of labour such as leader-follower roles. Here, we argue that interacting individuals are dynamically coupled rather than simply aligned. This broader framework for understanding interactions can encompass both processes by which behaviour and brain activity mirror each other (neural alignment), and situations in which behaviour and brain activity in one participant are coupled (but not mirrored) to the dynamics in the other participant. To apply these more sophisticated accounts of social interactions to the study of the underlying neural processes we need to develop new experimental paradigms and novel methods of data analysis.
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(2016) : Towards ethical robots: Revisiting Braitenberg’s vehicles: 2016 SAI Computing Conference (SAI): London, United Kingdom: IEEE, S. 469-477
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/SAI.2016.7556023 Abstract: The development of software and machines capable of making ethical judgements is a topic of great interest with both the research communities and the public. Debates over the possibility and practicality of such systems have only intensified with the increased use of robotics in the military arena and the ubiquity of AI in commercial products. Modern innovations, such as the driverless car, will likely make artificial ethical agents a legal necessity. As a research field, it has received relatively little attention compared to other, more traditional, AI problems. In this paper, we propose a bottom-up reactive system that provides one possible solution. We will begin by describing the motivation to this work: the development of artificial ethical agents could both mitigate some fears about the future of autonomous AI, and providing insight into human moral reasoning. We then explore the related work, including the current attempts at simulating ethics. We describe our novel approach to ethical simulation, Vessels; a Braitenberg Vehicle inspired reactive agent approach. We, then, demonstrate how Vessels can be configured to simulate both Egoism and Altruism, comparing our simulations to the normative theory.
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(2016): The Role of Emotion Regulation in Moral Judgment. In: NEUROETHICS 1251 (1). DOI: 10.1007/s12152-016-9261-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-016-9261-z Abstract: Moral judgment has typically been characterized as a conflict between emotion and reason. In recent years, a central concern has been determining which process is the chief contributor to moral behavior. While classic moral theorists claimed that moral evaluations stem from consciously controlled cognitive processes, recent research indicates that affective processes may be driving moral behavior. Here, we propose a new way of thinking about emotion within the context of moral judgment, one in which affect is generated and transformed by both automatic and controlled processes, and moral evaluations are shifted accordingly. We begin with a review of how existing theories in psychology and neuroscience address the interaction between emotion and cognition, and how these theories may inform the study of moral judgment. We then describe how brain regions involved in both affective processing and moral judgment overlap and may make distinct contributions to the moral evaluati on proce ss. Finally, we discuss how this way of thinking about emotion can be reconciled with current theories in moral psychology before mapping out future directions in the study of moral behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016) : Increasing psychological well-being through human-robot interaction: 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Christchurch, New Zealand: IEEE Press, S. 617-618
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2016.7451884 Abstract: Intelligent tutoring systems, electronic fitness bands, and assistive robots all contribute toward increasing the wellness of humans by providing different forms of support. As a class of machines focused on increasing the physical and psychological well-being of users emerges, new design considerations and questions arise. We are exploring the potential of prosocial machines via social robotic systems focused on enhancing a user's psychological well-being through positive interventions. This article briefly summarizes our initial approach to understanding prosocial machines via a positive psychology based intervention focused on comparing the ability of different systems to induce measurable increases in a human's level of hopefulness.
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Hennighausen, Christine; Lange, Benjamin P.; Schwab, Frank (Hg.) (2016): Evolution des Sozialen. Menschliches Verhalten in evolutionärer Perspektive; Pabst Science Publishers; MVE-Liste; Jahrestagung der MVE-Liste (Menschliches Verhalten in Evolutionärer Perspektive). Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers (Die Psychogenese der Menschheit)
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(2016): Judging Facial Emotion Expressions in Context. The Influence of Culture and Self-Construal Orientation. In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 40 (1), S. 55-64. DOI: 10.1007/s10919-015-0223-7
Abstract: The impact of social context on the judgment of emotional facial expressions as a function of self-construal and decoding rules was assessed. Eighty-seven German and 90 Greek participants rated spontaneous emotional faces shown either alone or surrounded by other faces with congruent or incongruent facial expressions. Greek participants were higher in interdependence than German participants. In line with cultural decoding rules, Greek participants rated anger expressions less intensely and sad and disgust expressions more intensely. Social context affected the ratings by both groups in different ways. In the more interdependent culture (Greece) participants perceived anger least intensely when the group showed neutral expressions, whereas sadness expressions were rated as most intense in the absence of social context. In the independent culture (Germany) a group context (others expressing anger or happiness) additionally amplified the perception of angry and happy expressions. In line with the notion that these effects are mediated by more holistic processing linked to higher interdependence, this difference disappeared when interdependence on the individual level was controlled. The findings confirm the usefulness of considering both country level and individual level factors when studying cultural differences. zitiert von 19
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(2016) : Entwicklungspsychologie. Alter In: Köhle, Karl; Herzog, Wolfgang; Joraschky, Peter; Kruse, Johannes; Langewitz, Wolf; Söllner, Wolfgang (Hg.): Uexküll, Psychosomatische Medizin: Theoretische Modelle und klinische Praxis: 8. Auflage: München: Urban & Fischer in Elsevier, S. 170-177
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(2016) : SmartWorkbench: Toward Adaptive and Transparent User Assistance in Industrial Human-Robot Applications In: VDE: Proceedings of ISR 2016: 47st International Symposium on Robotics: Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH, S. 1-8. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7559127/authors
Abstract: With the increase in customized production scenarios with small batch sizes research on human-robot working cells gains significance. We present a Smart Workbench that allows for adaptive user assistance in industrial human-robot use cases through (1) monitoring the user condition and (2) providing multi-modal information about the process and the robot intention. We further show results from a first study regarding the usefulness of biofeedback for workload estimation.
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(2016): Non-anthropomorphic robots as social entities on a neurophysiological level. In: Computers in Human Behavior 57, S. 182-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.034
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.034 Abstract: Studied the evocation of the so-called mirror neuron system (MNS) response by means of "social interaction" with a nonanthropomorphic robot. 57 adults (mean age 23 years) were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions. Electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded while participants observed video clips of someone operating a malfunctioning vacuum-cleaning robot. Subjects watched the movements of the robot before and after it had been handled by its operator. In one group, the robot was humanized insofar as it was treated aggressively. In the control group, it was simply treated as an object. EEG mu activity served as an inverse indicator of MNS activity. Brain activity was also recorded at occipital electrodes. Subjects rated the operator's aggressiveness, and their associated compassion for the robot. Mu activity was moderately correlated with operator aggressiveness and subjects' compassion ratings; the more perceived aggression that the robot was subjected to, the more compassion subjects felt, and the less pronounced their mu activity was in response to the robot's "experience."
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(2016): A Critical Social Systems View of the Internet. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 37 (4), S. 471-500. DOI: 10.1177/0048393107307664
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(2016): A Critical Social Systems View of the Internet. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 37 (4), S. 471-500. DOI: 10.1177/0048393107307664
Abstract: The article discusses principles that form part of evolutionary systems thinking in social sciences and humanities. It is argued that introducing the concept of self-organization relates agency and structures in a way that makes it possible to take up certain features of Critical Theory by which it can meet the demands for a critical social science. These principles are applied to the question of whether there is convergence or divergence in and by means of the Internet. It will be clarified that the Internet is basically a social system and that it is a subsystem of the larger and overarching system of the whole society. It will be shown how the Internet can be perceived as a possible trigger for societal developments bringing about fundamental change in the nature of society. Thus the article cuts across philosophical, system theoretical, social theoretical, sociology of technology, and information society theory considerations.
Keywords: agency, critical Theory, Disziplin, dynamic, epistemology, Evolution, Handlungsmacht, information society, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Internet, Kritische Theorie, mechanism, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Philosophie, Realtechnik, revolution, Selbstorganisation, self-organization, social system, social systems, soziales System, Soziologie, STS, Technik -
(2016): Brave New World. Eugenics, Discipline Formation, and the Biosocial. In: Science as Culture 26 (3), S. 413-417. DOI: 10.1080/09505431.2017.1300642
Abstract: Servant leadership has been theorized as a model where the moral virtue of humility co-exists with action-driven behavior. This article provides an empirical study that tests how these two apparently paradoxical aspects of servant leadership interact in generating follower engagement, while considering the hierarchical power of the leader as a contingency variable. Through a three-way moderation model, a study was conducted based on a sample of 232 people working in a diverse range of companies. The first finding is that humble leaders showed the highest impact on follower engagement regardless of their hierarchical position. Less humble leaders in lower hierarchical positions seem to be able to compensate for that through a strong action-oriented leadership style. Most notably for leaders in high hierarchical positions, the moral virtue of humility seems to strengthen the impact of their action-oriented leadership the most. These findings provide empirical support and a better understanding of the interplay between the moral virtue of humility and the action-oriented behaviors of servant leadership.
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(2016): Politeness and the communication of uncertainty. In: Cognition 154, S. 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.05.005
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27232520 Abstract: Ambiguity in language derives, in part, from the multiple motivations that underlie the choice to use any particular expression. The use of some lexical items, such as probability expressions and scalar terms, can be motivated by a desire to communicate uncertainty as well as a desire to be polite (i.e., manage face). Research has demonstrated that the interpretation of these items can be influenced by the existence of a potential politeness motive. In general, communications about negative events, relative to positive events, result in higher likelihood estimates whenever politeness can be discerned as a potential motive. With few exceptions, however, this research has focused only on the hearer. In the present research we focused on the dyad and examined whether speakers vary their messages as a function of politeness, and the effect that this has on subsequent judgments made by a recipient. In two experiments we presented participants with situations that varied in terms of face-threat and asked them how they would communicate potentially threatening information. Both experiments included a second set of participants who read these utterances and provided judgments as to the degree of uncertainty conveyed by the utterance. In both experiments, messages in the face-threatening condition conveyed greater uncertainty than messages in the non-face-threatening condition, and the probability estimates made by the second set of participants varied as a function of conveyed uncertainty. This research demonstrates that when examining speakers and hearers together, severe events may be judged less likely (rather than more likely), because speakers tend to hedge the certainty with which they communicate the information.
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(2016): Effects of culture-sensitive adaptation of patient information material on usefulness in migrants. A multicentre, blinded randomised controlled trial. In: BMJ open 6 (11). DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012008
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27881523 Abstract: OBJECTIVES To evaluate the usefulness of culture-sensitive patient information material compared with standard translated material. DESIGN Multicentre, double-blind randomised controlled trial. SETTING 37 primary care practices. PARTICIPANTS 435 adult primary care patients with a migration background with unipolar depressive disorder or non-specific chronic low back pain were randomised. Patients who were unable to read in the language of their respective migration background were excluded. Sufficient data were obtained from 203 women and 106 men. The largest group was of Russian origin (202 patients), followed by those of Turkish (52), Polish (30) and Italian (25) origin. INTERVENTIONS Intervention group: provision of culture-sensitive adapted material. CONTROL GROUP provision of standard translated material. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome: patient-rated usefulness (USE) assessed immediately after patients received the material. SECONDARY OUTCOMES patient-rated usefulness after 8 weeks and 6 months, symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), back pain (Back Pain Core Set) and quality of life (WHO-5) assessed at all time points. RESULTS Usefulness was found to be significantly higher (t=1.708, one-sided p=0.04) in the intervention group (USE-score=65.08, SE=1.43), compared with the control group (61.43, SE=1.63), immediately after patients received the material, in the intention-to-treat analysis, with a mean difference of 3.65 (one-sided 95% lower confidence limit=0.13). No significant differences were found for usefulness at follow-up (p=0.16, p=0.71). No significant effect was found for symptom severity in depression (p=0.95, p=0.66, p=0.58), back pain (p=0.40, p=0.45, p=0.32) or quality of life (p=0.76, p=0.86, p=0.21), either immediately after receiving the material, or at follow-up (8 weeks; 6 months). Patients with a lower level of dominant society immersion benefited substantially and significantly more from the intervention than patients with a high level of immersion (p=0.005). CONCLUSION Cultural adaptation of patient information material provides benefits over high quality translations. Clinicians are encouraged to use culture-sensitive material in their consultations, particularly with low-acculturated patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER German Register for Clinical Trials: DRKS00004241, Universal Trial Number: U1111-1135-8043, Results.
Keywords: Adult, Aged, Cultural Competency, culture sensitive, Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy, Disziplin, Double-Blind Method, Female, Focus Groups, Health Literacy, Humans, Italy, Kultur, Kulturtheorie, Language, Low Back Pain/therapy, Male, Medizin, Middle Aged, Pamphlets, Patient Education as Topic/methods, Patient Participation, Poland, Psychologie, Quality of Life, Rolle (Beruf), Russia, Transients and Migrants, Translating, Turkey -
(2016): Assessing the Moral Coherence and Moral Robustness of Social Systems. Proof of Concept for a Graphical Models Approach. In: Science and engineering ethics 22 (6), S. 1761-1779. DOI: 10.1007/s11948-015-9743-0
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26689413 Abstract: This paper presents a proof of concept for a graphical models approach to assessing the moral coherence and moral robustness of systems of social interactions. "Moral coherence" refers to the degree to which the rights and duties of agents within a system are effectively respected when agents in the system comply with the rights and duties that are recognized as in force for the relevant context of interaction. "Moral robustness" refers to the degree to which a system of social interaction is configured to ensure that the interests of agents are effectively respected even in the face of noncompliance. Using the case of conscientious objection of pharmacists to filling prescriptions for emergency contraception as an example, we illustrate how a graphical models approach can help stakeholders identify structural weaknesses in systems of social interaction and evaluate the relative merits of alternate organizational structures. By illustrating the merits of a graphical models approach we hope to spur further developments in this area.
Keywords: Disziplin, doppelter Treffer, Graphic model concerning "moral robustness" and "moral coherence", graphical models approach, Human Rights, Humans, Kommunikations-/Interaktionsprinzipien, machine learning, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Models, Theoretical, Moral, moral agents, moralische Gesetze, moralische Kohärenz, moralische Robustheit, Moralphilosophie, Morals, non/compliance, Philosophie, Respektieren und Erfüllen von Interessen von Agenten, Respektieren von Rechten und Pflichten von Agenten, Social Environment, social interaction, Social Responsibility, Moraltheorie, soziale Interaktion, Soziale Angemessenheit, strukturelle Schwächen in sozialen Systemen, Technikphilosophie, Überblick -
(2016) : Control and Analysis of a Therapeutic Massage Robot: A Milestone of Human-Robot in Physical Contact In: VDE: Proceedings of ISR 2016: 47st International Symposium on Robotics: Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7559129/
Abstract: A therapeutic massage robot is developed and used to perform therapeutic massage. Impedance control in Cartesian spaces is properly designed to realize different massage techniques. To evaluate the feelings of relaxation for those subjects being massaged with more quantitative index, electrocardiography (ECG) of subjects is measured before and after massage manipulation. The features of heart rate variability (HRV), including mean HR, SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50, are extracted and analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of robotic massage. Comparison between robotic massage and massage by therapist is conducted in the experiments. According to the experimental results, mean HR decreases, whereas SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50 increase. HRV increased in both massage groups, showing the relaxation trend after robotic massage. The result gives a scientific clue that therapeutic massage is feasible to realize on a robotic massage robot.
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(2016): Urban Design and City Regeneration. Social Representations of Entrepreneurial Landscapes. In: Urban Studies 33 (8), S. 1441-1461. DOI: 10.1080/0042098966745
Abstract: Recent accounts of urban political change have been seemingly preoccupied with demonstrating the existence of a transition from managerial to entrepreneurial forms of governance, typified by the speculative deployment of resources to attract investment, Within such processes, the construction of spectacular urban landscapes has become a requisite strategy for making the city attractive as a site for investment, yet, with a few notable exceptions, the meanings projected by these landscapes have been given little attention, This paper sets out to rectify this omission by developing ideas from European social psychology, particularly that of the social representation, to explore the process by which the meaning and symbolism of these new urban landscapes is imposed by dominant interests in such a way as to make them appear legitimate, Using Birmingham as a case study, interviews with local residents are drawn on to demonstrate that even when opposition to the city's entrepreneurial policies was articulated, it relied on the existence of a shared representation of its entrepreneurial landscapes, one which acknowledged their spectacular and post-modern appearance, The paper thus concludes by suggesting that such urban landscapes can potentially play a crucial role in forging a new cultural politics of place conducive to the legitimation of entrepreneurial policies
Keywords: Design -
(2016) : The ethical risk of attachment how to identify, investigate and predict potential ethical risks in the development of social companion robots: 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Christchurch, New Zealand: IEEE Press, S. 367-374
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2016.7451774 Abstract: In this paper we present the Triple-A Model intended as a framework for researchers and developers to incorporate ethics in the user-and robot-centered design of social companion robots. The purpose of the model is to help identifying potential ethical risks in the implementation of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios. We base our model on three interaction levels, which companion robots can offer: Assistance, Adaptation, and Attachment (Triple-A). Every single interaction level has its specific potential ethical risks, which can be addressed during the robot development phase. However, we especially focus on the prominent ethical risks of long-term human-robot attachment and its implications on human-robot relationships. We discuss the practical use and the theoretical foundation of the Triple-A model which is well-grounded in the social role theory from sociology and the human cognitive-mnestic structure from cognitive science.
Keywords: assistance adaptation, Attachment, bonding, Cognition, Cognitive Science, ethical aspects, ethical risk, Ethics, HRI, human cognitive-mnestic structure, human-robot attachment, human-robot interaction, human-robot interaction scenarios, human-robot relationships, ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik, robot companions, robot development phase, robot-centered design, social companion robots, Social role, social role theory, socially assistive robots, triple-A model, user centred design, user-centered design -
(2016): Cellphones in public. Social interactions in a wireless era. In: New Media & Society 7 (6), S. 810-833. DOI: 10.1177/1461444805058164
Abstract: Cellphones provide a unique opportunity to examine how new media both reflect and affect the social world. This study suggests that people map their understanding of common social rules and dilemmas onto new technologies. Over time, these interactions create and reflect a new social landscape. Based upon a year-long observational field study and in-depth interviews, this article examines cellphone usage from two main perspectives: how social norms of interaction in public spaces change and remain the same; and how cellphones become markers for social relations and reflect tacit pre-existing power relations. Informed by Goffman's concept of cross talk and Hopper's caller hegemony, the article analyzes the modifications, innovations and violations of cellphone usage on tacit codes of social interactions.
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(2016): Intergenerational Fairness and the Crowding Out Effects of Well-Intended Environmental Policies. In: Journal of Management Studies 53 (5), S. 878-910. DOI: 10.1111/joms.12202
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12202 Abstract: Sustainability involves the drive to ensure intergenerational fairness. However, the results of actions taken to achieve sustainability often lie far into the future and efforts to promote the welfare of distant generations may or may not ultimately be successful. While both governmental policies and entrepreneurial innovation have been cited as being indispensable to the achievement of sustainability, the manner in which they co‐exist and interact over very long periods of time remains unclear. Using a computational model spanning more than two centuries, this study asks: Do well‐intended environmental policies facilitate or inhibit environmental entrepreneurship? By simultaneously considering both the ethical and economic consequences of efforts to arrest environmental degradation, our study answers the call to develop multi‐disciplinary perspectives and integrative frameworks when addressing the challenges of sustainable existence. Contrary to widely held perceptions, our findings suggest that policy actions may, in the long run, result in less intergenerational fairness by crowding out environmentally desirable innovations and organizations. Our examination of the long‐term interactions between policies and markets offers insights and opportunities for scholars, entrepreneurs, environmentalists, ethicists and policymakers to develop solutions that preserve and extend the essential contributions of both policy actions and entrepreneurial innovations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Cvpr (2016): 29th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2016 : proceedings : 26 June-1 July 2016, Las Vegas, Nevada. Unter Mitarbeit von Růžena Bajcsy, Fei-Fei Li und Tinne Tuytelaars. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
Keywords: Maschinelles Sehen, Mustererkennung -
(2016): Social and assistive robotics in dementia care: Ethical recommendations for research and practice. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 8 (4), S. 565-573. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-016-0366-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-016-0366-7 Abstract: The steadily growing number of older adults with dementia worldwide poses a major challenge for global public health. The integration of robotics into both formal and informal dementia care opens up new possibilities for improving the life of patients and alleviating the burden on caregivers and the healthcare services. However, ethical, legal and social implications should be considered early in the development of assistive and social robots for dementia to prevent slow adoption, incorrect implementation and inappropriate use. This paper delineates the ethical landscape and provides recommendations for design and use aimed at protecting users and maximizing the benefit in assisting such vulnerable population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)