Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Künstliche Intelligenz. Was sie kann & was uns erwartet. Originalausgabe. München: C.H. Beck
Abstract: Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) steht für Maschinen, die können, was der Mensch kann: hören und sehen, sprechen, lernen, Probleme lösen. In manchem sind sie inzwischen nicht nur schneller, sondern auch besser als der Mensch. Wie funktionieren diese klugen Maschinen? Bedrohen sie uns, machen sie uns gar überflüssig? Die Journalistin und KI-Expertin Manuela Lenzen erklärt anschaulich, was Künstliche Intelligenz kann und was uns erwartet. Künstliche Intelligenz ist das neue Zauberwort des digitalen Kapitalismus. Intelligente Computersysteme stellen medizinische Diagnosen und geben Rechtsberatung. Sie managen den Aktienhandel und steuern bald unsere Autos. Sie malen, dichten, dolmetschen und komponieren. Immer klügere Roboter stehen an den Fließbändern, begrüßen uns im Hotel, führen uns durchs Museum oder braten Burger und schnipseln den Salat dazu. Doch neben die Utopie einer schönen neuen intelligenten Technikwelt sind längst Schreckbilder getreten: von künstlichen Intelligenzen, die uns auf Schritt und Tritt überwachen, die unsere Arbeitsplätze übernehmen und sich unserer Kontrolle entziehen. Manuela Lenzen zeigt, welche Hoffnungen und Befürchtungen realistisch sind und welche in die Science Fiction gehören. Sie beschreibt, wie ein gutes Leben mit der Künstlichen Intelligenz aussehen könnte – und dass wir von klugen Maschinen eine Menge über uns selbst lernen können.
2013
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(2013): Do You Mind if I Plug-in My Car?. How etiquette shapes PEV drivers’ vehicle charging behavior. In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 54, S. 155-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2013.07.016
Abstract: Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) engage drivers in an essential new behavior plugging the car into the electrical grid to charge the vehicles' batteries. Broadly, it has been assumed that (1) away-from-home charging is necessary to grow the PEV market and (2) if away-from-home charging infrastructure is in place and PEV drivers know of it, they will perceive opportunities to charge. The experiences of early PEV drivers cause us to rethink at least the second of these assumptions. Drivers report a lack of what they call "etiquette," i.e., rules to guide their behavior and their expectations of how they and other PEV drivers ought to behave in these new social interactions. PEV drivers want widely shared, understood, and practiced guidelines to feel comfortable and confident in charging their vehicles away from home. This study uses inductive thematic analysis of transcripts of interviews of 28 PEV driving households conducted in San Diego County, California in spring, 2012. Themes about etiquette emerged within two types of away from home charging. First, public chargers (available to any PEV driver) were the sites of situations in which drivers' perceived a lack of rules or conflicts between different systems of rules; both were described as inhibiting use of public chargers. Second, workplace charging (typically available only to employees of the entity where the charger is located) adds an additional layer of rules and possibly resources that may either inhibit or encourage PEV charging by employees. As PEV markets and charger networks grow, charging will be shaped by additional systems of rules and regulations, e.g., those governing financial transactions. Our results suggest that absent efforts to help PEV drivers develop, learn, and practice the new rules, they may create as much uncertainty as guidance. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Disziplin, Einfluss auf Handlungen, Elektroauto, Elektromobilität, Etikette, etiquette guide, Für spezifische Situationen festgelegte Verhaltensregeln, Grad der Verbreitetheit und Umsetzung von Verhaltensregeln innerhalb einer Akteursgruppe, GUIDELINES, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Reflexionen über MTR, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technikakzeptanzforschung, Technikfolgenabschätzung, technische Infrastruktur, Vereinbarkeit bzw. Kollision verschiedener Regelsysteme, Verhalten 2012
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(2012): Service robots in the mirror of reflective research. In: Poiesis & Praxis: International Journal of Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment 9 (3-4), S. 181-200. DOI: 10.1007/s10202-012-0111-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226994 Abstract: Service robotics has increasingly become the focus of reflective research on new technologies over the last decade. The current state of technology is characterized by prototypical robot systems developed for specific application scenarios outside factories. This has enabled context-based Science and Technology Studies and technology assessments of service robotic systems. This contribution describes the status quo of this reflective research as the starting point for interdisciplinary technology assessment (TA), taking account of TA studies and, in particular, of publications from the ethical and empirical social science perspective. Finally, based on this status quo, evaluation criteria for service robots are developed, which are relevant for further reflective research.
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(2012): Service robots on their way? First steps of an interdisciplinary technology assessment. In: Poiesis & Praxis: International Journal of Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment 9 (3-4), S. 177-180. DOI: 10.1007/s10202-012-0112-7
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226993 Abstract: Therefore, framing the problems and developing research questions out of it becomes the key for any interdisciplinary project (Decker 2001). For the interdisciplinary TA project on service robotics, to which the papers of this focus contribute, the problem setting and the identification of the relevant disciplines were described elsewhere (Decker et al. 2011; Decker 2012). Since the project aims for a TA of service robotics on a general level (even though referring to case studies for illustration), the relevant disciplines include economics, ethics, jurisprudence and psychology of work. While the first three are traditionally part of an interdisciplinary TA, the latter one is crucial in the context of replacing human beings in their service work environments.
2011
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(2011): Service robotics. Do you know your new companion? Framing an interdisciplinary technology assessment. In: Poiesis & Praxis: International Journal of Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment 8 (1), S. 25-44. DOI: 10.1007/s10202-011-0098-6
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22162963 Abstract: Service-Robotic - mainly defined as "non-industrial robotics" - is identified as the next economical success story to be expected after robots have been ubiquitously implemented into industrial production lines. Under the heading of service-robotic, we found a widespread area of applications reaching from robotics in agriculture and in the public transportation system to service robots applied in private homes. We propose for our interdisciplinary perspective of technology assessment to take the human user/worker as common focus. In some cases, the user/worker is the effective subject acting by means of and in cooperation with a service robot; in other cases, the user/worker might become a pure object of the respective robotic system, for example, as a patient in a hospital. In this paper, we present a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework, which allows us to scrutinize some of the most relevant applications of service robotics; we propose to combine technical, economical, legal, philosophical/ethical, and psychological perspectives in order to design a thorough and comprehensive expert-based technology assessment. This allows us to understand the potentials as well as the limits and even the threats connected with the ongoing and the planned implementation of service robots into human lifeworld-particularly of those technical systems displaying increasing grades of autonomy.
Keywords: deutsche Community, Disziplin, Humanoid Robot Robot System Industrial Robot Service Robot Driver Assistance System, interdisziplinär, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Realtechnik, service robot, Serviceroboter, Soziale Robotik, Technik, Technikfolgenabschätzung, Zeitschrift: poiesis & praxis
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