Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Pervasive, hard-wired and male. Qualitative study of how UK adolescents view alcohol-related aggression. In: PLoS one 13 (2). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191269
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29408910 Abstract: Laboratory studies of alcohol-inexperienced adolescents show that aggression can be primed by alcohol-related stimuli, suggesting that alcohol-related aggression is partly socially learned. Script theory proposes that alcohol-related aggression 'scripts' for social behaviors are culturally-available and learned by individuals. The purpose of the study was to understand the content and origins of alcohol-related aggression scripts learned by adolescents. This qualitative focus group study of 40 adolescents (ages 14-16 years) examined alcohol-related aggression scripts. Participants believed aggression and severe injury to be pervasive when young people drink. Viewed through a biological lens, participants described aggression as an 'instinctive' and 'hard-wired' male trait facilitated by intoxication. As such, alcohol-related aggression was not seen as intended or personally controllable and participants did not see it in moral terms. Females were largely viewed as either bystanders of inter-male aggression or potential victims of male sexual aggression. Participants attributed their views on the frequency and nature of alcohol-related aggression to current affairs and reality television, which they felt portrayed a reality of which they had little experience. The origins of the explicitly biological frameworks that participants used seemed to lie in pre-existing beliefs about the nature of gender differences. Perceptions of the pervasiveness of male alcohol-related aggression, and the consequent failure to view alcohol-related aggression in moral terms, could dispose some young people to alcohol-related aggression. Interventions could target (1) the beliefs that alcohol-related aggression is pervasive and uncontrollable in males, and (2) participants' dysfunctional views of masculinity that underpin those beliefs.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Aggression, Alcohol Drinking, Alkohol, Annahme, dass Alkoholisiertheit das Verhalten unsteuerbar macht, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, Disziplin, Einfluss von Medien, Einfluss von Vorurteilen, Geschlechterrollen, Humans, Male, Psychologie, script, script theory, social behaviour, socially learned, sozial erlerntes Verhalten, sozial konstruiert, Soziologie, United Kingdom 2017
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(2017) : Acquiring social interaction behaviours for telepresence robots via deep learning from demonstration: 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: IEEE, S. 37-42
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2017.8202135 Abstract: As robots begin to inhabit public and social spaces, it is increasingly important to ensure that they behave in a socially appropriate way. However, manually coding social behaviours is prohibitively difficult since social norms are hard to quantify. Therefore, learning from demonstration (LfD), wherein control policies are inferred from demonstrations of correct behaviour, is a powerful tool for helping robots acquire social intelligence. In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach to learning social behaviours from demonstration. We apply this method to two challenging social tasks for a semi-autonomous telepresence robot. Our results show that our approach outperforms gradient boosting regression and performs well against a hard-coded controller. Furthermore, ablation experiments confirm that each element of our method is essential to its success.
Keywords: ablation experiments, challenging social tasks, Cloning, control engineering computing, correct behaviour, deep learning approach, deep learning from demonstration, gradient boosting regression, gradient methods, hard-coded controller, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), LfD, machine learning, public spaces, Regression Analysis, Robot sensing systems, semiautonomous telepresence robot, social behaviour, Social intelligence, social interaction behaviours, Social Norms, social spaces, telepresence robots 2015
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(2015): Freie Beiträge. Gemeinschaftsgefühl – (k)ein Geheimnis mit neun Siegeln. In: Zeitschrift für Individualpsychologie 40 (4), S. pp. 368-385.. Online verfügbar unter http://www.v-r.de/de/zeitschrift, zuletzt geprüft am 16.03.2018
Abstract: In his theory of Individual Psychology Adler attached central importance to the concept of social interest. In the community of Individual Psychologists, however, the concept led to a good deal of controversy. In order to bridge this discrepancy, we present in this paper a model of social adaptation using the concept of System Theory. In this model, human thought, action and feeling are related to perception, adaption and experience and then applied to the perspectives, »Me«, »You« and »Us«. Thus, in all, nine aspects of community-oriented social behaviour are derived, which are then combined to make a »Social Matrix«. In the course of children's unconscious learning processes, when they are living in the family where they grow up, only a part of the inherent social potential of an individual can be developed. This shows up as differences in the patterns on the Social Matrix. In this article the author illustrates ways in which the Social Matrix can be correlated to the A dlerian concepts of life-tasks, lifestyle and social interest. By taking specific steps to vary the significance of the fiactors that influence social learning, a new learning process can be initiated with a more balanced and personalised Social Matrix. In this process, social interest can be developed and strengthened. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Entwicklungspsychologie, Individual Psychology, Individualpsychologie, Lernen, Lerntheorien, Lifestyle, life-tasks, Psychologists, Social Behavior, social behaviour, social interest, social interest,lifestyle,life-tasks,social behaviour,Social Matrix, social learning, Social Matrix, Theories 1987
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(1987): Brain mechanisms and social/affective behavior. In: Social Science Information 26 (2), S. 375-384
Abstract: Information (International Social Science Council) 1987.26:375-384
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