Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017) : Strategies and mechanisms to enable dialogue agents to respond appropriately to indirect speech acts In: IEEE Ro-Man: Human-robot collaboration and human assistance for an improved quality of life: IEEE RO-MAN 2017 : 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Ineractive Communication : August 28-September 1, 2017, Lisbon, Portugal: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 323-328
Abstract: Humans often use indirect speech acts (ISAs) when issuing directives. Much of the work in handling ISAs in computational dialogue architectures has focused on correctly identifying and handling the underlying non-literal meaning. There has been less attention devoted to how linguistic responses to ISAs might differ from those given to literal directives and how to enable different response forms in these computational dialogue systems. In this paper, we present ongoing work toward developing dialogue mechanisms within a cognitive, robotic architecture that enables a richer set of response strategies to non-literal directives.
Keywords: Antworten im Rahmen einer Konversation, Computerwissenschaft, indirect speech acts, Indirektheit, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Interaktionspartner, Konversationsanalyse, Korrespondenz, Künstliche Intelligenz, Linguistik, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), nicht wörtlich, non-literal meaning, Realtechnik, Semantik, Soziale Robotik, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachroboter, Sprachverarbeitung, Sprechakt, Technik, Unterschiedliche Antworten je nach Direktheit/Indirektheit des vorherigen Sprechaktes 2015
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(2015): Variational pragmatics and responding to thanks – revisited. In: Multilingua 34 (4), S. 527-546. DOI: 10.1515/multi-2014-0106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2014-0106 Abstract: In 2005, Klaus P. Schneider published a fascinating article with the title “‘No problem, you’re welcome, anytime’: Responding to thanks in Ireland, England, and the U.S.A.”. Adopting the then emerging and now established framework of variational pragmatics, Schneider’s pioneering paper presents the results of a study on differences between responses to thanks across different varieties of English using experimental discourse completion tasks (DCTs). The paper at hand revisits this cross-varietal analysis and presents the results of an empirical investigation of this same speech act based on natural data collected with the help of Labovian-style fieldwork methodology common in variationist sociolinguistics. The results reveal fundamental differences between the two data types and underline the fact that these different datasets address different research questions. The findings also highlight the existence of regional variation in the use of this speech act in spontaneous real-life interaction. Finally, the paper also puts forward the term imbalance reducer after thanks (IRAT) as a more appropriate term for the speech act of responding to thanks.
Keywords: Danksagung, Disziplin, Höflichkeit, IRAT, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturelle Normen, Kultursensibilität, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, Pragmatics, Pragmatik, Real-Life Interaction, Regionale Varianz, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziolinguistik, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechakt, Thanks 2013
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(2013): Chinese requests. In comparison to American and Japanese requests and with reference to the “East-West divide”. In: Journal of Pragmatics 55, S. 140-161. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2013.05.012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.05.012 Abstract: This paper reports an empirical investigation of Chinese requests using Hill et al's (1986) methodology. The study has yielded the following findings. (1) Chinese requests seem to be determined by Brown and Levinson's notions of power and distance, as are Japanese and American English requests as reported in Hill et al., (2) Chinese requests may not be as direct as has been argued in the literature. We view these findings as evidence for Brown and Levinson's universal theory of politeness but against the claim that East and West are fundamentally different in their respective politeness systems (cf. Chen, 2010 and Leech, 2007).
Keywords: American English, Anfrage, Anfragenforschung, Bitte, Brown and Levinson's model, Chinese, Disziplin, East-West divide, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, (In)directness, Japanese, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturelle Normen, kulturrelativ, kulturspezifisch, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, Politeness, Request, Soziale Angemessenheit, Speech Act, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechakt 2012
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(2012): Was heißt sprechen?. Die Ökonomie des sprachlichen Tausches. 2., erw. u. überarb. Aufl., unveränd. Nachdr. d. 2. Aufl., Wien Braumüller, 2005. Wien: New Academic Press
Abstract: Der Diskurs ist nicht nur eine Botschaft, die entziffert werden soll; er ist auch ein Produkt, das wir der Bewertung durch die anderen aussetzen und dessen Wert sich im Verhältnis zu anderen selteneren oder alltäglichen Produkten definiert. Die Konsequenzen dieses sprachlichen Marktes wirken sich bis in den gewöhnlichsten Austausch des täglichen Lebens aus. Denn Sprache ist nicht nur ein Mittel zur Kommunikation, sondern auch ein Indiz fürReichtum und ein Mittel der Herrschaft. Die Sozialwissenschaft muss versuchen, das zu beschreiben, was bei genauerem Nachdenken ein Stück Zauberei ist: Man kann durch Wörter, Befehle und Parolen handeln. Liegt die Kraft, die durch die Wörter wirkt, im Gesprochenen oder in den Sprechern ...? Lesen Sie nach bei Bourdieu!
2011
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(2011): No problem, you're welcome, anytime. Responding to thanks in Ireland England and the USA., S. 101-140
Abstract: [-]
1985
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(1985): Different cultures, different languages, different speech acts. In: Journal of Pragmatics 9 (2-3), S. 145-178. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(85)90023-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(85)90023-2 Abstract: This paper discusses a number of differences between English and Polish in the area of speech acts, and links them with different cultural norms and cultural assumptions. It is shown that English, as compared with Polish, places heavy restrictions on the use of the imperative and makes extensive use of interrogative and conditional forms. Features of English which have been claimed to be due to universal principles of politeness are shown to be language-specific and culture-specific. Moreover, even with respect to English, they are shown to be due to aspects of culture much deeper than mere norms of politeness. Linguistic differences are shown to be associated with cultural differences such as spontaneity, directness, intimacy and affection vs. indirectness, distance, tolerance and anti-dogmaticism. Certain characteristic features of Australian English are discussed and are shown to reflect some aspects of the Australian ethos. Implications for a theory of speech acts and for interethnic communication are discussed. In particular, certain influential theories of speech acts (based largely on English) are shown to be ethnocentric and dangerous in their potential social effects.
Keywords: Disziplin, Englisch, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der zweiten Welle, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturelle Normen, Kultursensibilität, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, Politeness, Polnisch, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprache, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachspezifizität, Sprechakt, Wierzbicka 1971
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(1971): Sense and Nonsense in St. Vincent. Speech Behavior and Decorum in a Caribbean Community. In: American Anthropologist 73 (3), S. 762-772. DOI: 10.1525/aa.1971.73.3.02a00160
Abstract: Speech behavior, among the Afro-American peasants of St. Vincent, British West Indies, is the focus of a high degree of interest, self-consciousness, and value judgment. A segment of the speech economy of Vincentian peasants is analyzed in terms of a native taxonomy of speech acts and related terms, illuminating Vincentian ideas concerning proper and improper behavior as well as the realm of speech behavior itself. The analysis paves the way for a consideration of the conduct and significance of the tea meeting, one of the most popular performance events on the island and a key to the dynamics of social change in contemporary Vincentian society.
Keywords: Ethnographie, im/proper, proper behaviour, improper behaviour, Kommunikation, Kultur, Kulturelle Normen, Kulturelle/soziale Rituale, Kulturvergleich, Linguistik, Non/sense, Rhetorik, Sinn, Sinnproduktion, Sinnzuweisung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Speech Behaviour, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechakt, Sprechgewohnheit, Sprechökonomie, Taxonimie, Teezeremonie
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