Alle Publikationen
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2016
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(2016): Communication Networks in Task-Performing Groups. In: Small Group Research 31 (2), S. 131-157. DOI: 10.1177/104649640003100201
Abstract: In an experiment on the emergence of communication networks, 48 groups, each consisting of 4 or 5 members, were randomly assigned to the cells of a 2 (high vs. low time pressure) x 2 (high vs. low task complexity) factorial design and completed a decision-making task. The interpersonal dominance of each member was measured via the Dominance scale of the Personality Research Form (PRF). Results showed that members higher in dominance emerged as more central in the group communication network both sending and receiving more messages than members lower in dominance. Group members correctly perceived that those higher in dominance participated more in discussion. Communication was more centralized in groups that worked on the low complexity task than in groups that worked on the high complexity task Members correctly perceived that participation was more unequally distributed in more centralized groups. An anticipated interaction effect, with time pressure moderating the effect of task complexity was not supported.
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(2016): Multiple Audiences as Text Stakeholders. A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Complex Rhetorical Situations. In: Argumentation 30 (4), S. 467-499. DOI: 10.1007/s10503-016-9394-6
Abstract: In public communication contexts, such as when a company announces the proposal for an important organizational change, argumentation typically involves multiple audiences, rather than a single and homogenous group, let alone an individual interlocutor. In such cases, an exhaustive and precise characterization of the audience structure is crucial both for the arguer, who needs to design an effective argumentative strategy, and for the external analyst, who aims at reconstructing such a strategic discourse. While the peculiar relevance of multiple audience is often emphasized in the argumentation literature and in rhetorical studies, proposals for modelling multi-audience argumentative situations remain scarce and unsystematic. To address this gap, we propose an analytical framework which integrates three conceptual constructs: (1) Rigotti and Rocci's notion of communicative activity type, understood as the implementation of an interaction scheme into a piece of institutional reality, named interaction field; (2) the stakeholder concept, originally developed in strategic management and public relations studies to refer to any actor who affects and/or is affected by the organizational actions and who, accordingly, carries an interest in them; (3) the concept of participant role as it emerges from Goffman's theory of conversation analysis and related linguistic and media studies. From this integration, we derive the notion of text stakeholder for referring to any organizational actor whose interest (stake) becomes an argumentative issue which the organizational text must account for in order to effectively achieve its communicative aim. The text stakeholder notion enables a more comprehensive reconstruction and characterization of multiple audience by eliciting the relevant participants staged in a text and identifying, for each of them, the interactional role they have, the peculiar interest they bear and the related argumentative issue they create. Considering as an illustrative case the defense document issued by a corporation against a hostile takeover attempt made by another corporation, we show how this framework can support the analysis of strategic maneuvering by better defining the audience demand and, so, better explaining how real arguers design and adapt their topical and presentational choices.
Keywords: breites Publikum, Communicative Activity Type nach Rigotti und Rocci, Goffman, Interaktionspartner, Kommunikation, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Konversationsanalyse, Öffentliche Darstellung, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Öffentlichkeit, Publikumswirksamkeit, Rhetorik, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, stakeholder, Stakeholder Concept (of Communication), Strategien zur Erlangung von Sympathie, Theory of interaction (Goffman), Wissen um Normen 2015
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(2015): In-your-face politics. The consequences of uncivil media. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1512/2014956135-d.html
Abstract: "Americans are disgusted with watching politicians screaming and yelling at one another on television. But does all the noise really make a difference? Drawing on numerous studies, Diana Mutz provides the first comprehensive look at the consequences of in-your-face politics. Her book contradicts the conventional wisdom by documenting both the benefits and the drawbacks of in-your-face media."--Dust jacket flap "'In-your-face' politics refers to both the level of incivility and the up-close and personal way that we experience political conflict on television. ... Mutz finds that incivility is particularly detrimental to facilitating respect for oppositional political viewpoints and to citizens' levels of trust in politicians and the political process. On the positive side, incivility and close-up camera perspectives contribute to making politics more physiologically arousing and entertaining to viewers. This encourages more attention to political programs, stimulates recall of the content, and encourages people to relay content to others."--From publisher description Americans are disgusted with watching politicians screaming and yelling at one another on television. But does all the noise really make a difference? Drawing on numerous studies, Diana Mutz provides the first comprehensive look at the consequences of in-your-face politics. Her book contradicts the conventional wisdom by documenting both the benefits and the drawbacks of in-your-face media Includes bibliographical reference and index
Keywords: Ekel, Fehlverhalten, Fernsehen, Fernsehsendung, Kommunikation, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Mass media, Medien, Meinungsbildung, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Öffentlichkeit, Political aspects, Politik, Politikwissenschaft, Politische Kommunikation, Politische Meinungsbildung, Politische Methode, Realtechnik, Skandalisierung und Arousal, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik, Television in politics, USA 2013
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(2013): Analyzing Communication Interaction Networks (CINs) in enterprises and inferring hierarchies. In: Computer Networks 57 (10), S. 2147-2158. DOI: 10.1016/j.comnet.2012.11.028
Abstract: With the proliferation of electronic modes of communication (e.g., e-mails, short messages), employees inside an enterprise can form several distinct Communication Interaction Networks, or CINs for short. A CIN is essentially a graph representation of "who talks to whom" among a group of individuals. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study of two modern enterprises and focus on three main questions: (Q1) How CINs from the two enterprises look; (Q2) How employees use the different available communication modes within an enterprise; and (Q3) By only using CINs, how much information we can extract regarding the hierarchy in the enterprise. We address these questions using empirical CINs from the Enron Corporation and a communication provider, using information from the exchange of e-mails, phone-calls, and short messages (SMS). For Q1, we reveal the following key structural properties that are shared by all the CINs in our study: they have high edge density, high clustering coefficient, and close to zero assortativity coefficient. For Q2, we observe that employees have differences in how they use the various communication modes. This suggests that different CINs capture different behavioral properties within an enterprise. For Q3, we propose HumanRank, a method of ranking individuals based on their importance (e.g., CEOs having higher rank than ordinary employees) using only the interactions between them. Next, using HumanRank, we introduce an unsupervised and parameter-free algorithm that identifies hierarchies by separating managers from ordinary employees. Our algorithm achieves above 70% accuracy and outperforms the state-of-the-art 123].
2012
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(2012): A practitioner's guide to interpersonal communication theory. An overview and exploration of selected theories. In: Patient education and counseling 87 (3), S. 261-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.006
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22112396 Abstract: OBJECTIVE To provide a brief overview of selected interpersonal theories and models, and to present examples of their use in healthcare communication research. RESULTS Nine interpersonal communication theories and their application to healthcare communication are discussed. CONCLUSION As healthcare communication interactions often occur at an interpersonal level, familiarity with theories of interpersonal communication may reinforce existing best practices and lead to the development of novel communication approaches with patients. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This article serves as an introductory primer to theories of interpersonal communication that have been or could be applied to healthcare communication research. Understanding key constructs and general formulations of these theories may provide practitioners with additional theoretical frameworks to use when interacting with patients.
2011
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(2011): Organizational Norm Congruency and Interpersonal Familiarity in E-Mail. Examining Messages From Two Different Status Perspectives. In: Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 16 (2), S. 228-249. DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2011.01537.x
Abstract: Relying on SIDE theory, this 2 x 2 experimental design tested the effects of adherence to organizational norms and interpersonal familiarity in e-mail messages from both superior and subordinate perspectives. Results reveal that using norm-congruent e-mail messages account for over 50% of the variance in both superior and subordinate attitudes toward the message and between 30% and 56% of the variance in perceptions of source credibility. Data from the superiors indicate that norm congruent e-mail messages account for 14.4% of the variance in message compliance. Results from subordinates reveal an interaction effect that is consistent with SIDE-based predictions. Subordinates believe superiors are most likely to comply with e-mail requests from unfamiliar subordinates that are crafted in a manner congruent with organizational norms.
2007
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(2007): The Moderators and Mediators of Door-in-the-Face Requests. Is it a Negotiation or a Helping Experience?. In: Communication Monographs 74 (3), S. 333-356. DOI: 10.1080/03637750701543469
Abstract: The Door-in-the-Face ( DITF) compliance-gaining tactic occurs when a large request, expected to be rejected, is followed by a more reasonable request that is granted. The mechanisms underlying the DITF strategy remain unclear. Researchers have posed different explanations for the effectiveness of DITF, including the reciprocal concessions and the social responsibility models. These theoretical rationales for DITF were tested in a 3 ( request type: initial request only, DITF sequence, small request only) x 2 ( initial request size: moderate, large) x 2 ( solicitor familiarity: friend, stranger) between-participants experiment. Findings from the compliance data are mostly consistent with the reciprocal concessions model; but, findings from the cognitive and affective data were mixed. It appears that DITF messages are perceived as a helping situation for friends, but not for strangers. Strangers view request messages of all sizes to be a negotiation, but friends see these requests as a negotiation only when the initial request is large.
2000
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(2000): An interactionist perspective on dominance‐submission. Interpersonal dominance as a dynamic, situationally contingent social skill. In: Communication Monographs 67 (1), S. 96-121. DOI: 10.1080/03637750009376497
Abstract: Dominance-submission in interpersonal interaction typically has been conceptualized as largely a function of either highly stable characteristics of individual actors (e.g., basic temperament, genetic heritage, fixed social roles) or highly dynamic properties of situations (e.g., relational control sequences). Too, the dominance end of the continuum frequently has been infused with negative connotations. Here it is argued that a more balanced and comprehensive perspective is achieved by conceptualizing interpersonal dominance as influenced by a combination of person, situation, and relationship factors and as including positive qualities that also underwrite social competence. Experimental data relevant to this interactionist perspective were examined far the impacts of one traitlike actor variable (self-reported social skills), two situational factors (communication format and message goal), and one relationship factor (acquaintanceship) on dominance displays during dyadic interactions. Sender and receiver perceptions were also triangulated with observational data from trained coders. Results support an interactionist conceptualization of dominance.
1997
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(1997): Implicit Theories of Persuasion. In: Human Communication Research 24 (1), S. 31-63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1997.tb00586.x
Abstract: This research explores whether individuals have implicit theories of persuasion. The first study sought to understand how persuasive strategies are cognitively represented. Using multidimensional scaling, two dimensions were identified. The first dimension distinguishes the types of tactics used to bring about attitude change. The second dimension differentiated the social acceptability of the persuasive strategies. The second stage of this research explored the nature of people's implicit theories of persuasion. Experiment 1 demonstrated that implicit theories of persuasion are sensitive to the operation of multiple goals in a situation. Experiment 2 found that implicit theories of persuasion reflect the audience's familiarity with the topic In Experiment 3, implicit theories were demonstrated to be sensitive to the topic-relevant knowledge of the communicator.
1996
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(1996): The media equation. How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. s.l.: CSLI Publications
Abstract: According to popular wisdom, humans never relate to a computer or a television program in the same way they relate to another human being. Or do they? The psychological and sociological complexities of the relationship could be greater than you think. In an extraordinary revision of received wisdom, Byron Reeves and Clifford Nass demonstrate convincingly in The Media Equation that interactions with computers, television, and new communication technologies are identical to real social relationships and to the navigation of real physical spaces. Using everyday language, the authors explain their novel ideas in a way that will engage general readers with an interest in cutting-edge research at the intersection of psychology, communication and computer technology. The result is an accessible summary of exciting ideas for modern times. As Bill Gates says, '(they) … have shown us some amazing things'.
Keywords: Auch Neuropsychologie, Beeinflussung, Computerwissenschaft, Disziplin, Grundlegendes und umfassende Theorien, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Interaktion, Klassiker, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Massenmedien, Medien, Mensch-Maschine-Releation, Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Philosophie, Psychologie, Publikum, Raum/Ort, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, Sozialverhalten, Technik, Technikphilosophie, Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen / Social Interaction
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