Alle Publikationen
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2014
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(2014): Adolescent-specific patterns of behavior and neural activity during social reinforcement learning. In: Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience 14 (2), S. 683-697. DOI: 10.3758/s13415-014-0257-z
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24550063 Abstract: Humans are sophisticated social beings. Social cues from others are exceptionally salient, particularly during adolescence. Understanding how adolescents interpret and learn from variable social signals can provide insight into the observed shift in social sensitivity during this period. The present study tested 120 participants between the ages of 8 and 25 years on a social reinforcement learning task where the probability of receiving positive social feedback was parametrically manipulated. Seventy-eight of these participants completed the task during fMRI scanning. Modeling trial-by-trial learning, children and adults showed higher positive learning rates than did adolescents, suggesting that adolescents demonstrated less differentiation in their reaction times for peers who provided more positive feedback. Forming expectations about receiving positive social reinforcement correlated with neural activity within the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum across age. Adolescents, unlike children and adults, showed greater insular activity during positive prediction error learning and increased activity in the supplementary motor cortex and the putamen when receiving positive social feedback regardless of the expected outcome, suggesting that peer approval may motivate adolescents toward action. While different amounts of positive social reinforcement enhanced learning in children and adults, all positive social reinforcement equally motivated adolescents. Together, these findings indicate that sensitivity to peer approval during adolescence goes beyond simple reinforcement theory accounts and suggest possible explanations for how peers may motivate adolescent behavior. zitiert von 59
Keywords: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Age Factors, Brain Mapping, Brain/blood supply/physiology, Child, Cues, Female, Gruppenverhalten, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Lerntheorien, Male, Motivation, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen/blood, Photic Stimulation, Reinforcement, Reinforcement, Social, Sex Factors, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult 2011
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(2011): Dissociable brain mechanisms for processing social exclusion and rule violation. In: NEUROIMAGE 54 (3), S. 2462-2471. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.049
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20974272 Abstract: Social exclusion inherently involves an element of expectancy violation, in that we expect other people to follow the unwritten rule to include us in social interactions. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we employed a unique modification of an interactive virtual ball-tossing game called "Cyberball" (Williams et al., 2000) and a novel paradigm called "Cybershape," in which rules are broken in the absence of social exclusion, to dissociate brain regions that process social exclusion from rule violations more generally. Our Cyberball game employed an alternating block design and removed evoked responses to events when the participant was throwing the ball in inclusion to make this condition comparable to exclusion, where participants did not throw. With these modifications, we replicated prior findings of ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), insula, and posterior cingulate cortex activity evoked by social exclusion relative to inclusion. We also identified exclusion-evoked activity in the hippocampi, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and left middle temporal gyrus. Comparing social exclusion and rule violation revealed a functional dissociation in the active neural systems as well as differential functional connectivity with vACC. Some overlap was observed in regions differentially modulated by social exclusion and rule violation, including the vACC and lateral parietal cortex. These overlapping brain regions showed different activation during social exclusion compared to rule violation, each relative to fair play. Comparing activation patterns to social exclusion and rule violation allowed for the dissociation of brain regions involved in the experience of exclusion versus expectancy violation. zitiert von 96
Keywords: Brain/physiology, Cerebral Cortex/physiology, Computer Graphics, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Games, Experimental, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net/physiology, Neural Pathways/physiology, Neurowissenschaften, Psychophysics, Rejection (Psychology), rules, science direct, Social Environment, Social Perception, Young Adult 2009
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(2009): Is family special to the brain? An event-related fMRI study of familiar, familial, and self-face recognition. In: Neuropsychologia 47 (3), S. 849-858. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.12.027
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19159636 Abstract: The face-processing network has evolved to respond differentially to different classes of faces depending on their relevance to the perceiver. For example, self-, familiar, and unknown faces are associated with activation in different neural substrates. Family should represent a special class of face stimuli that is of high relevance to individuals, because incorrect assignment of kinship can have dire consequences (e.g., incest, cuckoldry). Therefore evolution should have favored redundant mechanisms for detection of kin. We used fMRI to investigate the neural substrates associated with viewing faces of kin compared to other classes of faces (e.g., self-face, familiar face, and unknown face), and to examine the degree to which self-facial resemblance activated similar neural substrates. Contrasting kin faces with unknown faces activated substrates associated with self-face recognition, while comparing kin faces to friend faces activated posterior cingulate and cuneus. Similar posterior medial substrates were recruited when contrasting self-resembling faces with morphed faces of kin, suggesting these regions potentially represent computational processing about facial familiarity and identity. On the other hand, discrimination of self-resembling faces from familiar morphs activated anterior medial substrates (anterior cingulate cortex, ACC, medial prefrontal cortex, MPFC). These findings, and a region of interest (ROI) analysis, highlight the role of the extended face-processing network for discrimination of kin from familiar non-kin members of one's social group based on self-referent phenotypic cues.
Keywords: Adult, Bekanntheitsgrad, Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology, Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology, Face, familiarity, Female, Gesichtserkennung, Gesichtszüge, Gyrus Cinguli/physiology, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neurowissenschaften, Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology, Prefrontal Cortex/physiology, Visual Perception/physiology, Young Adult 2004
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(2004): Thinking the voice: neural correlates of voice perception. In: Trends in cognitive sciences 8 (3), S. 129-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.008 Abstract: The human voice is the carrier of speech, but also an "auditory face" that conveys important affective and identity information. Little is known about the neural bases of our abilities to perceive such paralinguistic information in voice. Results from recent neuroimaging studies suggest that the different types of vocal information could be processed in partially dissociated functional pathways, and support a neurocognitive model of voice perception largely similar to that proposed for face perception.
Keywords: Auditory Perception/physiology, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex/physiology, Concept Formation/physiology, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron-Emission Tomography, Sound Spectrography, Speech Acoustics, Speech Perception/physiology, VOICE
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