Alle Publikationen
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2011
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(2011): The communication of anger and disappointment helps to establish cooperation through indirect reciprocity. In: Journal of Economic Psychology 32 (3), S. 489-501. DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2011.03.016
Abstract: Abstract Indirect reciprocity is cooperation through reputation: third parties cooperate with those known to cooperate and defect against those known to defect. Defection, then, can have the unjust motive of greed or the just motive of retaliation. To establish cooperation, observers should distinguish both motives for defection and respond more cooperatively to the latter. We propose that the expression of emotions may facilitate this inferential process. Indeed, in two laboratory studies participants inferred that defection out of anger or disappointment was a just response to a defector and they responded more cooperatively than when no emotion was communicated. Moreover, participants inferred that defectors who evoked disappointment instead of anger had a relatively positive reputation. We conclude that emotions help establish cooperation through indirect reciprocity. Highlights ► Anger and disappointment signal who have defected in indirect reciprocity. ► Expressing anger or disappointment helps justify one’s defection against a defector. ► Defection out of anger or disappointment elicits relatively cooperative responses. ► Disappointment signals that a defector’s reputation is more positive than does anger. ► Anger and disappointment function as lubricants of indirect reciprocity. zitiert von 19
2010
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(2010): You smile--I smile. Emotion expression in social interaction. In: Biological psychology 84 (3), S. 514-520. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.11.001
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19913071 Abstract: Two studies were conducted to assess the influence of emotional context and social context, in terms of gender and status, on speaker expressivity and observer mimicry in a dyadic interactive setting. For Study 1, 96 same sex dyads and for Study 2, 72 mixed sex dyads participated in a social sharing paradigm. The results showed that in both same sex and mixed sex dyads women smile more than men and members of both sexes use Duchenne smiles rather than non-Duchenne smiles to signal social intent. In same sex dyads facial expressivity and facial mimicry were determined by both the emotional and the social context of the situation. However, whereas emotional context effects maintained, social context effects were absent in mixed sex dyads. The study is the first to show evidence for facial mimicry in an interactional setting and supports the notion that mimicry is dependent on social context.
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