Alle Publikationen
2009
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Stichweh, Rudolf (2009): Der Fremde. Studien zu Soziologie und Sozialgeschichte. Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp
Abstract: Die Figur des Fremden ist eine der universellsten Semantiken in der Geschichte menschlicher Gesellschaften. Mittels dieser Figur beobachten Gesellschaften ihre Grenzen, legen Identitäten fest und markieren Bedrohungen. Rudolf Stichweh verfolgt die Spur des Fremden in verschiedenen sozialen Systemen und Leitthemen: im Zusammenhang von Fremdheit und Selbstbegrenzung der Menschheit, in der Identifikation des Fremden über körperliche Merkmale, seiner Prominenz in Universität und Wissenschaft, seinem Verhältnis zur Selbstbeschreibung Europas und in den vielfältigen Formen des Vagabunden und Peripheren in der frühen Neuzeit. In der Moderne vollzieht sich ein Umbruch, in dem alle anderen fremd sind oder niemand ein Fremder ist. Die Selbstbeobachtung der Moderne, so eine zentrale These dieses Buches, erfindet Formen minimaler Sympathie und universaler Indifferenz, die unser Verhältnis zu allen anderen Menschen bestimmen.
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(2009) : Fremdheit in der Weltgesellschaft. Indifferenz und Minimalsympathie In: Stichweh, Rudolf: Der Fremde: Studien zu Soziologie und Sozialgeschichte: Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, S. 162-176Keywords: Youssef, Ramy
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Strack, Fritz; Förster, Jens; Strack, Fritz (Ed); Förster, Jens (Ed) (Hg.) (2009): Social cognition: The basis of human interaction. New York, NY, US: Psychology Press
Keywords: Interaktionsforschung -
(2009) : Artificial intelligence in the social studies In: Lee, John; Friedman, Adam M.; Lee, John (Ed); Friedman, Adam M. (Ed) (Hg.): Research on technology in social studies education: Charlotte, NC, US: IAP Information Age Publishing, S. 231-251
Abstract: In 1955, John McCarthy coined the term, artificial intelligence (AI), for a proposed conference at Dartmouth College, the first scientific gathering devoted to the advancement of machines with human reasoning and learning capacities. This chapter traces the antecedents of Al through the early intellectual developments and commercial and military applications. Subsequently, the authors explore the use of Al in general education as well as within the specific context of the social studies. As computer technologies continue to evolve and programmers develop increasingly sophisticated software, the realization of Al shows great promise to transform the way we teach and learn. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2009) : Wirtschaftsethik trifft Organisationspsychologie: Spiegeln Ethikkodizes organisationspsychologische Konzepte zum (un-)moralischen Verhalten wider? In: Raab, Gerhard; Unger, Alexander (Hg.): Der Mensch im Mittelpunkt wirtschaftlichen Handelns: Tagungsband zur 15. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für angewandte Wirtschaftspsychologie Ludwigshafen 10. 11. Juli 2009: 1. Auflage: Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers, S. 427-434
Abstract: Die Rolle von Ethikkodizes in Unternehmen wird analysiert. Ausgangspunkt ist die Überlegung, dass aus der Sicht der Öffentlichkeit Gewinnerzielung als alleinige Maxime für Unternehmen aktuell nur schwer aufrechtzuerhalten ist, sondern dass vielmehr ein reflektiertes Handeln gefordert ist, das gegenüber vielfältigen Bezugsgruppen verantwortbar und zudem für das Unternehmen profitabel ist. Vor diesem werden in vielen Organisationen Ethikkodizes erlassen, in denen Verhaltenserwartungen an die Mitarbeiter definiert werden. Auch die organisationspsychologische Forschung entdeckt zunehmend die Aspekte Ethik und Moral: Das Konzept des "Organizational Citizenship Behavior" (OCB) thematisiert das Zusatzengagement von Mitarbeitern im Sinne eines "extra-role-behavior", das außerhalb vertraglich geregelter Verpflichtungen liegt und dessen Ausbleiben deswegen kaum sanktionierbar ist (etwa Hilfsbereitschaft, Loyalität, Regelbefolgung, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Zivilcourage). Im Modell der "Citizenship Performance" (CP) werden interpersonale, organisationsbezogene und aufgabenbezogene moralische Verhaltensweisen unterschieden. Darüber hinaus werden moralische Aspekte in den Konzepten zum kontraproduktiven Verhalten (KPV) aufgegriffen. In einer empirischen Analyse wurde untersucht, inwieweit Ethikkodizes organisationspsychologische Konzepte zum (un-)moralischen Verhalten (OCB, CP, KPV) widerspiegeln. In die Analyse gingen die Ethikkodizes von 25 der DAX-30-Unternehmen des Jahres 2008 ein. Die Analyse erfolgte nach Prinzipien der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse mithilfe der Software MAXqda. Die verhaltensrelevanten Aussagen in den Kodizes wurden in einzelne Paraphrasen übersetzt, randomisiert und anschließend einer aus OCB-, CP- und KPV-Konzepten abgeleiteten Kategoriensystematik zugeordnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zahlreiche typische OCB- und CP-Kategorien in den Kodizes kaum vorkamen (etwa gegenseitige Hilfe und Unterstützung, Zivilcourage), gehäuft traten hingegen "Regelbefolgung" und "Loyalität zum Unternehmen" auf. Unter den KPV-Kategorien ergab sich ein Schwerpunkt bei den Bereichen "Korruption und Bestechung", "Informationsmissbrauch" und "Interessenkonflikte". Eine Korrespondenzanalyse auf Basis der unternehmensspezifischen Zuweisungen zeigt, dass die existierenden Unterschiede zwischen den Kodizes im Rahmen einer zweidimensionalen Lösung mit den Achsen "Individualismus - Konformität" und "Individuelle Verantwortung - Hierarchiebetonung" interpretiert werden können. Das in den Kodizes gezeichnete Bild des erwünschten Mitarbeiters ist das des Mitarbeiters, der ehrlich, korrekt, fair und vor allem regelkonform ist. Verantwortlichkeitsaspekte wie Zivilcourage oder Hilfsbereitschaft waren dagegen in den Kodizes stark unterrepräsentiert. Implikationen für die Gestaltung von Ethikkodizes und den Dialog zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis werden abgeleitet.
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(2009): Behavioral and emotional consequences of brief delays in human–computer interaction. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 67 (7), S. 561-570. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.02.004
Abstract: Evaluated negative effects of computer processing delays on user performance and emotional states. Specifically, it is proposed that unpredictable, sporadic, and random delays typical of modern computers inhibit the proficiency of human-computer interaction (HCI) and result in user performance decrements as well as negative emotional states such as job dissatisfaction, frustration and stress. The authors tested these effects by introducing a paradigm program designed to replicate the flow of user proficiency in the form of a computer game. The game was designed to provide a user interface (UI) under two conditions: a delay condition and a no-delay condition. 16 participants (age range 19-58 years) were recruited to play the game and respond to an in-game and postgame questionnaire to assess the effects of delays on their emotional states. Additionally, user reaction times (RTs) and error rates were measured. Results confirmed that user performance was significantly less proficient as a result of sporadic, brief delays. Error rates more than doubled and reaction times were prolonged by 33 ms for responses directly following the delay. Assessment of the questionnaires revealed that the participants felt annoyed by the delays and were frustrated in their attempts to achieve their goals. In conclusion, the findings suggest that UIs should be designed to minimize the occurrence of delays which hinder the proficiency of HCI. zitiert von 64
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(2009): Multikulturalismus und die Politik der Anerkennung. 1. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp-Verl. (Suhrkamp Taschenbücher Wissenschaft)Keywords: Anerkennung, Anerkennung und das moderne Selbst (Taylor), Aufsatzsammlung, Disziplin, Favoriten, Konstitutionen des Selbst (Anerkennung), Kulturphilosophie, Modelle/Theorien, Multikulturalismus, Multikulturelle Gesellschaft, Nationale Minderheit, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialphilosophie, Taylor
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(2009): The We-Mode Approach. A Response to John Wettersten’s Review of The Philosophy of Sociality: The Shared Point of View. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 40 (3), S. 513-517. DOI: 10.1177/0048393109352830
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0048393109352830 Abstract: The paper is a response to some critical points and omissions in John Wettersten’s review of my recent book The Philosophy of Sociality: The Shared Point of View (Oxford University Press, 2007). I point out in this short paper that the reviewer has not discussed the most central notions in the book relating to its “we-mode” approach, i.e. collective acceptance, group reasons, the collectivity condition, collective commitment and their role in accounting for e.g. cooperation, social institutions, cultural evolution. I also clarify the ontological commitments of my broadly naturalistic approach and show e.g. that we-mode social groups do exist as social systems but not a full-blown collective agents, although it is conceptually and instrumentally central to view them as collective agents. Also questions of we-mode versus I-mode explanations of collective action are considered in the paper.
Keywords: explanation, Gruppennorm, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Joint Action / Collective Agency, kollektive Intentionalität, philosophy of the social sciences, social action, social ontology, Social Ontology, soziale Ontologie, Socially extended mind, Soziale Motivation kollektiven Handelns, Theorie der Normen und Kollektive Repräsentationen (Durkheim), we-mode, We-Mode Approach -
(2009) : Affective technology: Beyond usability: IEEE 13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, 2009: ISCE '09 ; Kyoto, Japan, 25 - 28 May 2009: 2009 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE): Kyoto, Japan: 5/25/2009 - 5/28/2009. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics; Isce: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 373-374
Abstract: This paper argues the significant contributions and also limits of usability approach on designing technological products and services. Among various emerging concepts that have been proposed to supplement usability, this paper argues importance of considering human affects when users interact with technology. This paper defines technology that are capable to evoke appropriate affective responses in users as affective technology. Perspectives of affective technology research are discussed.
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(2009): How Conversations Change Over Time in Face-to-Face and Video-Mediated Communication. In: Small Group Research 40 (4), S. 355-381. DOI: 10.1177/1046496409333724
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to examine how communication patterns and task performance differ as a function of the group's communication environment and how these processes change over time. In a longitudinal design, three-person groups had to select and argue the correct answer out of a set of three alternatives for ten questions. Compared with face-to-face groups, video-teleconferencing groups took fewer turns, required more time for turns, and interrupted each other less. Listeners appeared to be more polite, waiting for a speaker to finish before making their conversational contribution. Although groups were able to maintain comparable performance scores across communication conditions, initial differences between conditions in communication patterns disappeared over time, indicating that the video-teleconferencing groups adapted to the newness and limitations of their communication environment. Moreover, because of increased experience with the task and the group, groups in both conditions needed less conversation to complete the task at later rounds. Implications are discussed for practice, training, and possibilities for future research.
Keywords: time -
(2009): The Moral Brain. Essays on the evolutionary and neuroscientific aspects of morality - Moral judgment and the brain: A functional approach to the question of emotion and cognition in moral judgment integrating psychology, neuroscience and evolutionary biology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands
Abstract: Moral judgment can be defined as the evaluation of actions with respect to social norms and values established in a society (such as not stealing or being an honest citizen). For our purposes, we use the term "moral judgment" as an inclusive description of all judgments and decision-making processes about those things that ought to be done and those that ought not to be done, particularly in the social context of interactions with other people and do not distinguish between moral and socio-conventional judgments. In the literature (Turiel, 1983; Smetana, 1993; Blair, 1995; Nucci, 2001) this distinction is used to differentiate cases where harm is caused to a person (= moral transgressions) from cases where only socio-conventional norms are violated (= conventional transgressions) without necessarily causing harm (e.g., spitting in a glass of wine at a dinner party). zitiert von: 23
Keywords: BRAIN, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, entscheiden, Judgment, Kognitionswissenschaften, Moral, Morality, Social Cognition -
(2009): Kompendium der Soziologie I: Grundbegriffe. 1. Aufl.. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften / GWV Fachverlage GmbH Wiesbaden
DOI: https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/DE004CAAC99928D3C8169C1257552003456B7.pdf Abstract: Das 'Kompendium der Soziologie' besteht aus drei Bänden: Im ersten Band werden die Grundbegriffe der Soziologie dargestellt. Der zweite Band behandelt die Klassiker der Soziologie, von Auguste Comte bis Talcott Parsons. Der dritte Band präsentiert die wichtigsten soziologischen Theorieansätze der letzten 50 Jahre, von Erving Goffman bis in die Gegenwart. Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine kompakte, systematische und verständliche Einführung in die Soziologie. Auf diese Weise gelingt ein hervorragender Einstieg in das Fach und wird ein fundierter, umfassender Überblick ermöglicht. Das 'Kompendium der Soziologie' besteht aus drei Bänden: Im ersten Band werden die Grundbegriffe der Soziologie dargestellt. Der zweite Band behandelt die Klassiker der Soziologie, von Auguste Comte bis Talcott Parsons. Der dritte Band präsentiert die wichtigsten soziologischen Theorieansätze der letzten 50 Jahre, von Erving Goffman bis in die Gegenwart. Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine kompakte, systematische und verständliche Einführung in die Soziologie. Auf diese Weise gelingt ein hervorragender Einstieg in das Fach und wird ein fundierter, umfassender Überblick ermöglicht.
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(2009): Social Signal Processing. Survey of an emerging domain.. In: Image and Vision Computing 27 (12), S. 1743-1759. DOI: 10.1016/j.imavis.2008.11.007
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(2009): The age of empathy. Nature's lessons for a kinder society. 1. paperback ed.. New York NY: Three Rivers Press
Abstract: Are we our brothers' keepers? Do we have an instinct for compassion? Or are we, as is often assumed, only on earth to serve our own survival and interests? In this thought-provoking book, the acclaimed author of Our Inner Ape examines how empathy comes naturally to a great variety of animals, including humans. By studying social behaviors in animals, such as bonding, the herd instinct, the forming of trusting alliances, expressions of consolation, and conflict resolution, Frans de Waal demonstrates that animals–and humans–are "preprogrammed to reach out." He has found that chimpanzees care for mates that are wounded by leopards, elephants offer "reassuring rumbles" to youngsters in distress, and dolphins support sick companions near the water's surface to prevent them from drowning. From day one humans have innate sensitivities to faces, bodies, and voices; we've been designed to feel for one another. De Waal's theory runs counter to the assumption that humans are inherently selfish, which can be seen in the fields of politics, law, and finance, and whichseems to be evidenced by the current greed-driven stock market collapse. But he cites the public's outrage at the U.S. government's lack of empathy in the wake of Hurricane Katrina as a significant shift in perspective–one that helped Barack Obama become elected and ushered in what may well become an Age of Empathy. Through a better understanding of empathy's survival value in evolution, de Waal suggests, we can work together toward a more just society based on a more generous and accurate view of human nature. Written in layman's prose with a wealth of anecdotes, wry humor, and incisive intelligence, The Age of Empathy is essential reading for our embattled times.
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(2009): The origins of fairness. In: New Scientist 204 (2734), S. 34-35. DOI: 10.1016/S0262-4079(09)63003-7
Abstract: HOW often have you seen rich people take to the streets, shouting that they're earning too much? No, I thought not. Protesters are typically blue-collar workers yelling that the minimum wage has to go up, or that their jobs shouldn't go overseas. Lately, however, we have been hearing...
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(2009): Learning politeness. Disagreement in a second language. Oxford; Wien u.a.: Lang (Contemporary studies in descriptive linguistics)
Abstract: This book examines how Japanese learners of English learned about managing politeness while they were studying at language schools in New Zealand. Specifically, it investigates how they learned to produce and interpret a range of disagreement strategies during oppositional talk with native speakers of English. Employing a combined qualitative and quantitative approach to data analysis, the book discusses the initial pragmatic competence of the learners, and describes how their competence developed over a ten-week period. The book outlines some points of cultural divergence which may have influenced the direction and the extent of the learners' pragmatic development. It also sheds light on the language-acquisition strategies utilised by the learners during their tenure in the host culture. Most crucially, the book illuminates patterns of directness and indirectness in the learners' selected disagreement strategies. These patterns challenge the generally accepted theory that politeness always increases with social distance.
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(2009): Moral Machines. Teaching Robots Right From Wrong. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
Abstract: The human‐built environment is increasingly being populated by artificial agents that, through artificial intelligence (AI), are capable of acting autonomously. The software controlling these autonomous systems is, to‐date, “ethically blind” in the sense that the decision‐making capabilities of such systems does not involve any explicit moral reasoning. The title Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong refers to the need for these increasingly autonomous systems (robots and software bots) to become capable of factoring ethical and moral considerations into their decision making. The new field of inquiry directed at the development of artificial moral agents is referred to by a number of names including machine morality, machine ethics, roboethics, or artificial morality. Engineers exploring design strategies for systems sensitive to moral considerations in their choices and actions will need to determine what role ethical theory should play in defining control architectures for such systems.
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(2009) : Proactive instructional strategies for classroom management In: Akin-Little, Angeleque; Little, Steven G.; Bray, Melissa A.; Kehle, Thomas J.; Akin-Little, Angeleque (Ed); Little, Steven G. (Ed); Bray, Melissa A. (Ed); Kehle, Thomas J. (Ed) (Hg.): Behavioral interventions in schools: Evidence-based positive strategies: Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association (School Psychology), S. 141-156
Abstract: In this chapter, we do not attempt to reiterate the well-established literature on classroom structure. Instead, we introduce four proactive strategies teachers can implement during academic instruction to facilitate appropriate decorum and help a classroom run smoothly. Each strategy is an antecedent-based approach to preventing problems from occurring. Whereas consequent-based interventions require the problem behavior to occur before invoking the strategy (e.g., verbal redirect, time-out), antecedent-based approaches can be introduced without waiting for the problems to occur. The most common strategies include (a) proximity, (b) high rates of opportunities to respond, (c) high-probability requests (behavioral momentum), and (d) choice making. In the sections that follow, we define each of these strategies and document the effects of these interventions when used with students with or at risk for learning and behavior problems. While research has focused mostly on elementary school students, these techniques, with some possible modifications, should be appropriate for all grade levels and students in regular and special education classes. Finally, we conclude with a brief summary and discussion of the educational implications associated with employing antecedent-based, teacher-focused strategies for preventing problems from occurring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2009): Core Social Values in Contemporary Societies. In: Diogenes 56 (1), S. 53-73. DOI: 10.1177/0392192109102155
Abstract: This essay intends to build an analytical tool for understanding social values. It proceeds by defining the term 'social value', differentiating 'core' and 'non-core' social values and discussing their respective functions in society. Then, it extracts from social values a seven-tier system of core social values, built on seven basic social relationships: self-other, man-nature, individual-community, community-society, people-government, people-(state) nation, and (state) nation-world system. The corresponding views of right and wrong on these types of relationships are 'core values' and concern perceptions of morality, nature, groups, society, politics, nation, and the world. The very core of the construct is the universal morality of human beings, and the outermost tier is the perception of world affairs. In a further section, the functional connection between the tiers is explored, to show how a core value system collapses. Lastly, the author presents a rudimentary idea of how a core social value system might be built or rebuilt.
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(2009): Combining Moral Theory, Modal Logic and Mas to Create Well-Behaving Artificial Agents. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 1 (3), S. 233-242. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-009-0023-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-009-0023-5 Abstract: Witnessing a growing number of increasingly autonomous software agents we interact with or that operate on our behalf under circumstances that are not fully known in advance, we argue that there is a need to provide these agents with moral reasoning capabilities. Looking at the current literature on behaviour constraints and multi-agent (software) systems (MAS), one can distinguish various topics. The first topic concerns the analysis of various forms of restraint and their basis. This topic is at the core of moral philosophy. The second topic concerns the formalized specification of, and the reasoning about the constraints. The research on this topic focuses predominantly on the use of logic, mostly modal logic, and defeasible logic. The last topic is the MAS and implementation related topic of designing a working system in which there are rules that can be enforced and deviant behaviour be detected.
Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz -
(2009) : It's not the technology.....The challenges in Assisted Living are in economic and business modelling, in organisational change, and social and behavioural studies In: Aalborg Universitet: 1st International Conference on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology, 2009: Wireless VITAE 2009 ; 17 - 20 May 2009, Aalborg, Denmark: Electronic Systems Technology (Wireless VITAE): Aalborg, Denmark: 5/17/2009 - 5/20/2009. Aalborg Universitet; International Conference on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology; Wireless VITAE; International Conference on Wireless Communications, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 47-50
Abstract: Collectively the concept of assisted living covers what is otherwise often described as telecare, and telehealth. Driven by demographic changes, and the consequent growth in people with long term health conditions (chronic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, type II diabetes and dementia) significant investment are been made in technology research and development, but the key challenges are not technological, but in the social sciences.
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(2009): How emotion communication guides reciprocity. Establishing cooperation through disappointment and anger. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (4), S. 987-990. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.04.010
Abstract: Emotions fulfill many social functions, but data on their essential function of establishing cooperation are lacking. We investigated how communicating anger and disappointment guides reciprocal cooperative behavior. Although anger may force cooperation by announcing retaliation, we predicted that communicating disappointment was less likely to backfire. A laboratory study in which participants played against the reciprocal strategy of tit-for-tat showed that communicated disappointment established more cooperation than did anger. This effect also carried over to future cooperation decisions. Partners communicating disappointment evoked less anger, were evaluated more positively and as forgiving rather than retaliatory. Communication of disappointment thus appears conducive to establishing mutually beneficial relationships. zitiert von 44
2008
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2008 2nd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (2008). Phitsanulok, Thailand: IEEE
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3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (2008). New York, NY, US: Association for Computing Machinery
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2008 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (2008). New York, New York, USA: Association for Computing Machinery